1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 1 Art Learning about Language虚拟语气()观察上面的对话, 并类比填空。1. If you were(be) an artist, what kind of pictures would you paint? 2. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered(not discover), no one would have been able to paint such re
2、alistic pictures. 3. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be(not be) able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式, 表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用虚拟条件句分为三类: 与现在事实相反的情况; 与过去事实相反的情况; 与将来事实相反的情况。构成方式如下: 假设情况条件从句的
3、谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反一般过去时(be动词的过去式常用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时(had+过去分词)would/should/might/could+have+过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be动词的过去式常用were)should+动词原形were to+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形1. 与现在事实相反*(2018全国卷) We cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for
4、casual conversation. 我们不要忘记, 如果没有随意的聊天, 就不会有深入的人际关系。*If she had enough money, she would/might/could buy a computer. 如果她有足够的钱, 她就去买一台电脑。(事实她没有足够的钱)2. 与过去事实相反*If the kids had been warned not to swim in the lake, they would have avoided the tragedy. 如果有人警告孩子们不要在湖里游泳, 他们就应该能够避免悲剧。(事实上没有人警告孩子们)*If you ha
5、d taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the exam. 如果你听了我的建议, 你就不会考试不及格。(事实上你根本没听我的)3. 与将来事实相反*If I became/were to become/should become a scientist in the future, I would try to find a cure for cancer. 如果将来我能成为一名科学家, 我会尽力找到治疗癌症的药方。*If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, we wouldnt go h
6、iking. 如果明天下雨, 我们就不去远足了。(1)主句中的should只用于第一人称; 从句中的should可用于各种人称。(2)虚拟条件句中有should, were, had时, 可以把if省略, 并将这三个词提至句首, 从而构成部分倒装。若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式, 否定词 not不提前。*Should he be free tomorrow(=If he should be free tomorrow), I would talk with him. 如果他明天有空, 我会和他谈话的。*Had I had time(=If I had had time), I would
7、have walked round that lake then. 如果有时间, 我当时会在湖的周围走走。(1)语法填空。If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen(see) her. I dont have a cellphone. If I had(have) one, it would be(be) convenient for me to get in touch with others. If he came/should come/were to come(come) tomorrow, we would be(be) g
8、reatly surprised. (2)句型转换。If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up. If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the picnic. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to call off the picnic. 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1. 用在wish之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气, 表示不能实现的愿望。主句用法从句谓语动词的形式主语+wi
9、sh表示现在不能实现的愿望用一般过去时(be通常用were)表示过去不能实现的愿望had+过去分词表示将来不能实现的愿望would (should/could/might)+动词原形*I wish I were ten years younger. 我真希望我再年轻10岁。(对现在情况的虚拟)*He wishes he could become a scientist some day. 他希望将来的某一天能成为科学家。(对将来情况的虚拟)*How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好
10、了, 但我太忙了。(对过去情况的虚拟)语法填空。(1)I wish I had(have) a little lab of my own. (2)I wish I could fly(fly)to the moon one day. (3)I wish that I hadnt agreed(not agree) to go to Jims party, for I have to do some extra work tonight. 2. 用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的宾语从句中表示“命令、建议、要求”等动词后面的从句中用 “should + 动词原形”构成虚拟语气, 其中 “s
11、hould” 可以省略。这类动词可以速记为: 一坚持(insist); 二命令(command, order); 三建议(advise, suggest, propose); 四要求(request, require, demand, desire)*I insisted that we (should) tell this to her. 我坚持要求我们该把这事告诉她。*(2018北京高考)Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest that you (should) apply for Peking Universit
12、y. 得知你对中国文化感兴趣, 我建议你申请北京大学。【知识延伸】insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况: (1)insist 表示“坚持要”“一定要”, 从句多指尚未实现的想法, 谓语动词通常用虚拟语气(should+动词原形); 表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”, 从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态, 谓语动词用陈述语气。*The student insisted that he had made a right decision. 那个学生坚持认为自己做了一个正确的决定。*The boy insisted that he (should) be rewarded with a c
13、andy. 那个男孩坚决要求被奖励一块糖。(2)suggest表示“建议”, 其后接that从句时, 从句动词一般要用虚拟语气; 若表示“暗示”“表明”, 则其后所接that从句动词要用陈述语气。*His expression suggested that he was worried about my safety. 他的表情表明他担心我的安全。*He suggested that I (should) give a speech about creation in teaching. 他建议我就教学中的创新作一个演讲。3. 用在would rather后面的宾语从句中 would rath
14、er后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气, 表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时, 表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。*Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。*Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒希望你昨天已经看过了这场电影。 语法填空。(1)(2018江苏高考)The research suggested that they became(become) increasingly anxious online. (2
15、)My mom suggests that we (should)eat(eat)out for a change this weekend. (3) Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam (should)be(be) at the age of six months old. (4)Id rather you went (go) to Beijing tomorrow. (5)Id rather you hadnt told(not tell) me about it yesterday. (6)George is going
16、to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he focused(focus) more on its culture. . 语法填空1. Our company will organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there. Id rather you didnt(not do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak. 2.
17、 Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days. I really envy you. How I wish I would/could get(get) away for a while. 3. If you had told(tell) me in advance, I would have met him at the airport. 4. Robert wishes that he had studied(study) business instead of history when he was in university. 5. T
18、he boy insisted that he had tried(try) his best and (should)be praised(praise). . 完成句子1. In my first P. E. class, the teacher required that we should run laps in turn. 在第一节体育课上, 老师要求我们轮流跑圈。2. Without your encouragement and valuable advice, I couldnt have made so much progress in my English learning.
19、 没有你的鼓励和宝贵的建议, 我就不会在英语学习中取得如此大的进步。3. But for the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. 要不是英语考试, 上个星期天我就去听音乐会了。根据提示, 利用本单元所学语法知识, 完成下面的小作文。我听说当地的美术馆要举办一个中国画展。我建议(suggest)我的朋友李平申请成为这次活动的志愿者。李平是个中国画爱好者。她也希望(wish)能向游客介绍中国著名画家的故事。如果她被选中, 我想她会致力于成为一名合格的志愿者。(虚拟语气的倒装形式)I hear tha
20、t the local art gallery will host a Chinese painting exhibition, so I suggest that my friend Li Ping apply to be a volunteer for the event. Li Ping is a big fan of traditional Chinese paintings. She also wishes she could offer visitors explanations on the stories of famous Chinese painters. Were she chosen, I think she would devote herself to being a qualified volunteer. 关闭Word文档返回原板块