1、专题四 动词的时态和语态考纲考点扫描点击查看时态语态思维流程知识点一 现在时态现在时态主要包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时。一、一般现在时的用法一般现在时是不受时间限制的客观存在,指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。1.表示现状、性质、状态、经常发生的或习惯性的动作,且常与usually,always,every day,twice a week,seldom,sometimes等表频率的时间状语连用。John sometimes sits up very late.约翰有时很晚才睡。2.表示客观事实或普遍现象。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。3.如果主句是
2、一般将来时,那么时间、条件等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.如果明天下雨,我将不去那儿。【温馨提示】(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表达将来含义,也就是说will不用于when,if,even if,unless,whatever,no matter what/when/where等引导的状语从句中表将来,但如果will表示“决心、意愿”时,可用在条件状语从句中。If you will go there,please tell me.如果你愿意去那儿,请告诉我。(2)表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发
3、生的事时,也用一般现在时表将来,常与具体时间状语连用。该用法仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词,如:come,go,arrive,leave,begin,take off,stop等。老师说光速比声速快。【误】The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound.【正】The teacher said that light travels faster than sound.误点:_用正确的时态完成句子1.It wont be long before such a thing _(happen)again.答案 happens2.He wont
4、 speak to her unless she _(apologize)to him.答案 apologizes3.My parents _(live)in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.答案live根据第二句中的.have never lived anywhere else.可推知,空格处应用一般现在时表示状态。句意:我父母住在香港。他们生在那里,从未在别的地方居住过。二、现在进行时的用法1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作,由“be现在分词”构成。What are you
5、 doing?你在干什么?2.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天她要去北京。3.与always,forever,constantly,continually等词连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。He is always helping others.他总是肯帮助他人。4.用进行时表示渐变过程。The food is getting cold.食物变凉了。【温馨提示】注意下列动词不能用于进行时:感觉类:look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear等;情感类:like,love,prefer,adm
6、ire,hate,fear等;思想类:wish,hope,expect,want,need,believe,think,understand,agree,know等;其他类:have,contain,win,hold,belong to等。他和她正在相爱。【误】He is loving her.【正】He is in love with her.误点:_4.John,what are you _(hold)in your hand?Look!Its a birthday gift for my grandma.答案holding句意:琼,你手里拿着什么?看!这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。考查在特定语
7、境中正确使用时态的能力。根据句意(琼,你手里拿着什么?)和关键词look可知该题应用现在进行时态。5.Because the shop _(close)down,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.答案is closing句意:因为商店即将停业,所有的T恤衫均半价出售。由句意可知此处强调“即将停业”,close为短暂性动词,所以用进行时表将来。6.You are always _(watch)television.Why not do something more active?答案watching句意:你总是看电视。为什么不做些更积极的事呢?alw
8、ays表示一种不满情绪,现在进行时与其连用表示或褒或贬的情感色彩。三、现在完成时的用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。常用的时间状语有:already,just,yet,never,before等。I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄出了。2.表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,往往和for.,since.,up to now,recently,so far等表示一段时间的状语连用。They have worked here since they left college.自从大学毕业后,他们就一直在这儿工作
9、。3.It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third.timethat从句。that从句的谓语要用现在完成时,that可以省略。This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。4.用在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时以前已经完成的动作。When you have learned English,you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.当你学习英语之后,你将找到一条通往丰富知识的桥梁。短暂性动作的完成时(肯定式)不能与表示一段时间的状
10、语连用。他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。【误】His father has left his homeland for 50 years.【正】His father has been away from his homeland for 50 years.误点:_知识点二 过去时态过去时态通常包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。一、一般过去时的用法一般过去时往往暗示现在“已不再这样”。1.表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend.昨晚她和她的男友一
11、起去看电影。When I was in the countryside,I often called on my old friends there.当我在乡下时,经常去拜访那里的老朋友。2.描述过去时间内连续发生的动作。The professor put one finger in his mouth,tasted it,and smiled with satisfaction.教授把一个手指放进嘴里,吮了一下,满意地笑了。He opened his eyes,put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.他一睁开眼睛,就迅速
12、穿上衣服,从床上跳了下来。【温馨提示】在before和after引导的时间状语从句中,若表示两个过去的动作相继发生,都用一般过去时表示,前一个动作不必用过去完成时。Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约市。He was here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.他在这里只待了三天,公司就派他去澳大利亚了。3.表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。Sorry,I didnt know you were
13、here.不好意思,我不知道你在这儿。(现在已经知道)4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若主句用了过去将来时,从句常用一般过去时表示过去将来的意义。He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。He told me he would go to the zoo if it was fine the next day.他告诉我,如果第二天天气好的话,他将去动物园。一般过去时,事情发生在过去,经常反复或连续,状语通常是过去,过去时间作标志:yesterday,last,ago,be用w
14、as或were,have,has变had,规则动词加ed,不规则动词须牢记,变否定主语之后加didnt,变疑问句主语之前加did,还有一点不能忘,后面动词要还原,动词若是was,were,变否定更简单,在它后要把not添,若是要变疑问句,直接提到主语前,句尾句号变问号。1.The food here is nice enough.My friend _(introduce)me a right place.答案introduced句意:这里的食物不错。我的朋友给我介绍了一个好地方。2.Oh,its you,Mrs Johnson!I _(not recognize)you.Ive just c
15、hanged my hairstyle and I am wearing a new dress.答案didnt recognize句意:噢,是你啊,约翰逊太太!我(刚才)没认出你来。我刚换了发型,还穿着新裙子。由语境可知,not recognize的动作发生在对话之前,即过去的事实,故应用一般过去时。二、过去进行时的用法1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作,由“was/were现在分词”构成。She was watching TV at six yesterday evening.昨晚六点她正在看电视。He was preparing his lecture all day ye
16、sterday.昨天他一整天都在准备他的演讲。2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。He was reading a novel when I came in.当我进来时,他正在看小说。3.表示过去计划好或安排好的将来动作(只限于come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,travel,stay等)。He said she was arriving the next day.他说她将第二天到达。4.与always,forever,constantly,continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。Comrade Lei Feng was alway
17、s thinking of others.He never thought of himself first.雷锋同志总是先想着他人,而不是自己。3.Why on earth didnt you answer my phone just now?Sorry,but the doorbell _(ring)too.答案was ringing句意:刚才你到底为什么不接我的电话?对不起,可是当时门铃也在响。根据句意可知是当对方打电话的同时,有人按门铃,所以应用过去进行时。4.Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?No.I _(do)my homework all d
18、ay yesterday.答案was doing根据时间状语all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去某个时间段正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。三、过去完成时的用法过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成。用法如下:1.过去完成时表示过去某一动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作(即表示“过去的过去”)。时间状语可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用时间状语从句或通过上下文的语境表示。He said that he had been abroad for three years.他说他在国外呆了3年。2.表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到过去的这一时间,而且还可
19、能继续下去的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then,by the end of,by the time,until,before等。Until then he had known nothing about it yet.直到那时,他对此仍一无所知。3.用在It was the first/second/third.time that.句型中,that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.这是39年里他们第一次见面。4.It was一段时间 since从句。since从句的谓语动词用过去完成
20、时。It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们十年来从没这么高兴过。5.表示愿望或打算一类的词,例如:intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜的情感。I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你,但我这儿来了个不速之客。6.用在表示“一就”的句型中:Hardly/Scarcely/Barel
21、y had 主 语 done.when.did.;No sooner had 主 语 done.than.did.。Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang.她刚一上床铃就响了。四、过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,这种时态常用于宾语从句中,主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.他总是说那时他将努力学习。5.完成句子When I woke up,it_(stop)raining.当我醒来时,雨已经停了。By that t
22、ime I_(learn)100 English words.到那时为止,我已经学会了100个英语单词。I_(close)the window before I left the room.我在离开房间之前关上了窗。答案 had stoppedhad learnedhad closed6.I was just going to move away the heavy case but someone _(do)it.Was it you?答案had done句意:我正打算挪走那个重箱子,但是已经有人将它挪走了,是你吗?由句中的was可知,有人挪走箱子发生在“我”挪箱子之前,故用过去完成时。7.
23、You didnt attend the party.What a pity!We had a good time that evening.I _(intend)to go,but I had an unexpected visitor.答案had intended根据语境可知原本的打算未能实现,聚会已经结束,“打算”应在聚会前,故用过去完成时。句意:你没参加聚会,多遗憾呀!我们那晚玩得很高兴。我原打算去的,可来了一位不速之客。知识点三 将来时态一、一般将来时的用法1.“willdo”表示从现在来看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,指事物的固有属性或必然趋势。Fish will die with
24、out water.没有水鱼将会死。2.shalldo也可表示将来时态,但通常用于第一人称,而will可用于各种人称。My birthday is coming.I shall be 18 years old.我的生日快到了,我将要18岁了。3.“be going to动词原形”多用于口语中,表示“打算或计划要做某事”。此外,还可以表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,对未来进行推断。They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。4.“be about to动词原形”表示“即将”因此,它不与表示时间的副词或时间状语连用。The E
25、nglish evening is about to start.英语晚会即将开始。be about to do不与具体的时间状语连用,但可与when引导的时间状语从句连用,意为“正要做突然/就在那时”。I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我正要出去,电话铃突然响了。5.“be to动词原形”表示“按计划、安排即将发生的动作”,还可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止”等。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯片。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oc
26、lock.到10点你得交上试卷。1.be going to表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。如果天气晴朗,我们将去钓鱼。【误】If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.【正】If it is fine,well go fishing.误点:_2.will还可用于表达说话时临时作出的决定。Sorry,I forgot to buy the book you need.很抱歉,我忘记买你要的那本书了。It doesnt matter.I will go myself.没关系。我自己去买吧。3.有些动词例如:go,come,begi
27、n,leave,arrive,return,take等,其一般现在时、现在进行时都可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。Im leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。二、将来进行时的用法表示将来某个时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作。其结构为:will/shall be doing。Ill be talking with the professor at this time tomorrow.明天这个时间我将正在和教授谈话。He will be meeting Mary during Christmas.在圣诞节期间他将与玛丽见面。Ill be stayi
28、ng late at the office this evening.今晚我将在办公室待到很晚。1.Youve left the light on.Oh,so I have.Ill _(go)and turn it off.答案go句意:你一直亮着灯。哦,的确如此。我去关掉。go和后面的turn并列。2.Ann is in hospital.Oh,really?I _(not do)know.I will go and visit her.答案didnt在听完第一个说话者的话之后,“我不知道Ann在住院”这个情况就已经成为过去,所以要用一般过去时。3.Dont call me at eight
29、 oclock tomorrow morning,for I _(have)a meeting then.答案will be having句意:明天上午8点钟别给我打电话,因为那时我正在开会。由语境可知,此处强调将来某一时间动作将正在进行,故用将来进行时。三、将来完成时的用法表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成或一直持续的动作,并对将来产生一定的影响。常与“by将来的某个时间”,when/before引导的时间状语从句连用。其结构为:will/shall have done。We will have finished Senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到本学期
30、末我们将学完高中第二册。By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.你到家时我将已把房子彻底打扫一遍了。4.By the time he leaves university,he _(gain)work experience so long as he takes a part-time job.答案will have gained句意:只要他获得一份业余工作,到他大学毕业时,他将已经获得了工作经验。by the time.意为“到时候”,常与完成时态搭配,此处表示“到他大学毕业的时候”,故
31、应该用将来完成时。完成进行时经常考查的是现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。一、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去,一直持续到现在,并有可能延续下去。现在完成进行体是完成体和进行体的组合。因此,它具备完成体和进行体的一些因素,例如:它具备进行体的未完成性、暂时性、感情色彩等特点。知识点四 完成进行时They have been living here for 10 years.他们住在这里十年了。(从过去某一时间开始住,强调现在还住在这儿)Weve been discussing the matter several times this year.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。(强调
32、说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1.Over the past decades,sea ice in the Arctic _(decrease)as a result of global warming.答 案has been decreasing根 据 时 间 状 语 over the past decades“在过去的几十年里”可知,这是一个自过去以来一直持续的动作,所以用完成进行时。句意:在过去几十年里,由于全球变暖,北极的海冰一直在减少。二、过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,这一动作可能刚结束,也可能仍在进行
33、。He had been living here before he went to New York.他去纽约之前一直住在这里。2.Susan was happy like crazy!Oh,yes!Her parents approved of her adventurous trip to Africa that she _(expect)for years.答案had been expecting句意:苏珊高兴得快疯啦!哦,是的!她父母同意了她期盼多年的非洲冒险之旅。由题干语境分析,expect的动作发生在approved之前,并且expect的动作在过去的过去持续了一段时间,故应用过
34、去完成进行时。知识点五 动词语态1.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的,其变化形式如下表:(以动词do为例)一般现在时:am/is/aredone一般过去时:was/weredone一般将来时:will/shall bedone现在进行时:am/is/are beingdone过去进行时:was/werebeingdone现在完成时:have/has beendone过去完成时:had been done将来完成时:will/shall have been done过去将来时:would/should be done过去
35、将来完成时:would/should have been done现在完成进行时:have/has been being done过去完成进行时:had been being done2.被动语态的用法(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。This jacket is made of cotton.这件上衣是棉料的。(2)为了强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.要求参观者不可触摸展品。(3)在文章标题、广告、新闻中。Girls wanted.招女工。【温馨提示】get过去分
36、词可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。3.主动形式表达被动意义(1)系动词(look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear等)形容词或名词。The dish tastes good.这菜味道不错。(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词(begin,finish,close,open,start,stop,shut,move,run等)。The store closes at 6:00 p.m.every day.商店每天下午六点关门。(3)表示主语的特点或特征的动
37、词(read,write,sell,wash,wear,cut,lock,act,draw,drive,drink,eat,clean等)。Books of this kind sell well.这类书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。(4)介词in,on,under等名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。常见的有:under control受控制under treatment在治疗中under repair在修理中under discussion在讨论中in print在印刷中on show展出The building is under construc
38、tion.大楼正在建设中。(5)want,require,need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。Your coat needs washing.你的上衣需要洗洗了。(6)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。(7)在“be形容词to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.这女孩不容易相处。(1)be to blam
39、e(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。(2)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着;be hidden躲藏;be lost迷路;be drunk喝醉;be dressed穿着(3)被动语态与系表结构的区别。此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构,它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别:被动语态强调动作;系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构)4.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾
40、语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book(by my friend)on my birthday.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss
41、).(3)短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of(by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4)情态动词,be going to,be to,be sure to,have to 等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。用
42、it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。(3)表示归属的动词,如have,own,belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。1.用所给动词的正确语态填空In the near
43、future,more advances in the robot technology _(make)by scientists.In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.All visitors to this village _(treat)with kindness.The computer _(repair)by tomorrow.They cant move into the house because it _(paint)now.答案 will be madehave been p
44、roducedare treatedwill have been repaired is being painted谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。我们学校也教俄语。【误】Our school also teaches Russian.【正】Russian is also taught in our school.误点:_2.Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water _(pollute).答案have been polluted句意:这湖水怎么这么难闻?因为大量的
45、水已经被污染了。large quantities of后面无论跟可数还是不可数名词,谓语动词都应用复数形式,水被污染了才难闻,故用现在完成时的被动式。3.完成句子The cloth_very soft.这布料摸起来很软。This flower_very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。The film_at 8 p.m.last night.电影昨天晚上开始。答案 feelssmellsbegan4.Id like a pen which _(write)well.Will this one do?答案writes句意:我想要支好用的钢笔。这支行吗?write作“be capable of be
46、ing used for writing(指钢笔、铅笔等)能用于书写,能使用”讲时,为不及物动词,不能用于被动语态。5.He broke the window,so he _(该受责备).6.The new car _(属于)his brother.7.There is something wrong with his computer and it _(需要修理).8.The new novel written by Mo Yan is _(值得一读).9.This kind of cake_(尝起来美味)and _(销路好).答案 5.was to blame6.belongs to7.n
47、eeds repairing8.worth reading9.tastes delicious;sells well易错点1 时间定位不准Did you catch what I said?Sorry.I _(answer)a text message just now.解析句意:你听懂我说的话了吗?抱歉。我刚才正在回复一条短信。根据句意可知,第一个人说话时,“我”正在回复短信,所以没听懂对方的话,故用过去进行时态。答案was answering【即时小练】(1)Does your brother serve in the army?No,not now.But he _(serve)in t
48、he army for 8 years.答案served根据“No,not now.”,可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”,所以应选一般过去时。(2)Peter,where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We _(be)busy with our work for months,so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.答案had been问句询问“彼得,过去你们那些人去什么地方过暑假了”,答语前半句说“度假之前已经有数月忙于工作”,动作发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时。以题说法该题问句“Did y
49、ou.”易误导学生将行为动作发生的时间定位为一般过去时,而just now又会加深误会,但此题根据问句定位时间是过去,而语境提示可知表示的是刚才对方说话时正在进行的动作。突破指南时态的问题实际上就是“时间”和“状态”的问题:先判断准这个动作发生的时间,然后确定在这个时间上此动作的状态,便可以确定时态了。对时间的判断,可以画一个以现在为原点的数轴,在数轴上找参照时间去判断。易错点2 时态语态顾此失彼It is reported that many a new house _(build)at present in the disaster area.解析由at present可知,动词应用现在进
50、行时,且与主语是动宾关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态,主语是many a 名词单数,谓语动词用单数。答案is being built【即时小练】(原创)Could I use your car please?Mine _(repair)by the workers.答案 is being repaired以题说法该种题目难在既考查时态、语态,又考查主谓一致,多个考点置于同一个考题中,考生极易顾此失彼。容易忽略主谓一致和语态。所以综合考虑,用逐一排查时态语态是正确的做法。突破指南细心加耐心,时态语态综合考虑,也不能忽略主谓一致,可记住以下歌诀:动词时态是难关,时间一定要先看;主语确定谓语数,动词变
51、化不很难;短文会话观全局,单句无时判一般。易错点3 易混时态混淆I feel so excited!At this time tomorrow morning I _(fly)to Shanghai.解析句意:我觉得特别兴奋!明天早晨这个时候我就要飞往上海了。考查将来进行时。根据时间状语At this time tomorrow morning可知第二句表示明天早晨的这一时间点正在发生的事情,故用将来进行时。答案will be flying【即时小练】(1)You were not in when I dropped in on you yesterday evening.Oh,so sorr
52、y.I _(wait)at the railway station for my sister from Beijing.答案was waiting根据语境可以判断出空格处隐含的时间是“过去”,又因为强调当时的情景,所以用过去进行时。(2)(原创)Hi,Mary!When did you come here?Last weekend.I _(experience)a different culture since then.答案have been experiencing根据语境Mary自从上周末到了以后一直经历着不同的文化,而且现在并未离开,所以还将继续体验下去,故用现在完成进行时。以题说法
53、该题容易误用一般将来时,因为题干中的时间状语tomorrow morning会误导考生。但仔细看题干就会发现该题还有更具体的时间状语,强调的是将来某一时间点上进行的行为动作。突破指南易混时态辨析是高考英语试题中的常考题型,做好此类题的关键首先要能清晰判断易混时态的异同,如一般过去时和现在完成时,现在完成时和现在完成进行时,一般将来时和将来进行时的差别等。其次,在做题时要善于捕捉句子中所隐含的信息,明确动作行为发生的确切时间。易错点4 忽略固定句型或习惯用法(2013陕西,17)Jim _(watch)a late-night film at home when,right in the mid
54、dle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.解析句意:吉姆正在家里看一部午夜电影,就在看到一个恐怖场面时,电视黑屏了。根据固定结构sb was doing.when.,应用was watching。答案was watching【即时小练】It is the first time that he _(be)to Beijing.答案has been根据固定句式Its the序数词time that sb 完成时结构,主句谓语是is,从句用现在完成时。以题说法该题容易误用过去时,因为题干中“the television went blank
55、”易误导考生判断所选谓语动词是发生在过去的连续动作而选择一般过去时,但忽略了sb was doing.when sth happened是固定结构。突破指南熟记固定句式时态,仔细分析题干结构。附常见固定句式的时态:(1)It is the first/second/.time that sb have/has done.(2)It was the first/second/.time that sb had done.(3)sb was/were doing sth when.did.(4)Its high time that sb did/.should do.(5)Hardly/Scarc
56、ely had sb done sth when sb did.(6)No sooner had sb done sth than sb did.假设你是高三学生李华,你的美国朋友彼得来信询问你的高考志愿。请你用英语回信介绍一下情况:1.你准备报考哪所大学;2.该大学介绍;3.你为什么选择该大学。注意:1.词数100左右;2.开头和结束语已写好,不计入总词数。Dear Peter,Thanks for your email.Yes,Im facing one of the most important choices in my life._Bye for now.All the best.Li Hua【范文实例】1.本文要点全面,叙述得体,层次分明,覆盖所要求的要点,即所喜欢的大学、大学的介绍、选择该大学的原因。2.文章句式灵活,亮点频现:如句型Theres no denying that.,which引导的非限制性定语从句,Located in.分词作状语,making it an attractive place.现在分词作结果状语,以及what引导的主语从句的运用,升华了文章的整个品质,堪称一篇美文。读后启示:_