1、2012-2013英语必修4人教版新课标Unit 1学案（语言点、语法）（精品）Language Points1.Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.简已经研究它们很多年了,她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。behave（1）vi.to act;bear oneself 行为;举止她表现出了很大的勇气。She behaved with great courage.他对顾客的态度不好。He _ to th
2、e customers.(behaved badly)(2)vt.&vi.to bear (oneself) in a socially accepted or polite way举止适当或有礼你应该学会举止得体。You should _.(learn to behave)(3)vi.(of things) to act in a particular way（指事物）有某种作用我的摄像机自从修好后一直很正常。 My camera _ (has been behaving well) since it was repaired.2.This means going back to a pla
3、ce where we left the chimp family sleeping in a tree the night before.这意味着我们要返回我们前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。动名词百闻不如一见。Seeing is believing.他喜欢在余暇听音乐。He _ (enjoys listening to music) in his spare time.他现在正在游泳池里练习游泳。He _ in the swimming pool now.(is practising swimming)3.But the evening makes it all worthwhil
4、e.但是到傍晚时候我们觉得这一切都是值得的。worthwhile adj.值得的可作定语和表语a worthwhile experiment/jobThe experiment is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.It is worthwhile to do the job/ doing the job.比较worth prep./n.be worth (doing) sth.常主动表被动这本书很值得一读。The book is _.(well worth reading)= It is worthwhile to read
5、the book.比较:worthybe worthy of doing sth.be worthy to to be done这本书很值得一读。The book is _.(well worthy of being read)= The book is worthy to be read.4.Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities.简花了多年时间来观察和纪录黑猩猩的日常活动。spend vt.用（钱）;花（钱）你暑假怎么打发?How will _ (you spend your summer h
6、oliday)?他把钱都花光了。 He has spent all his money.他将全部积蓄花在一辆新车上。He spent all his savings on a new car.花费 spendSb.spend sth.(on sth.)/ (in) doing sth. paySb.pay some money for sth. costSth.cost sb.some money takeIt takes sb.to do sth.He _ (spent)about a third of his salary in drinking.She _ (paid) 3000 dol
7、lars for the dress.The DVD _(cost) her 150 yuan.It _ (took) him ten days to finish the work.5.observe(1)vi.&vt.to notice/ watch carefully 观察,注意到observe + n./pron.observe sb.doing/do sth.observe +that-clause 这位科学家一生都在观察星星。The scientist has observed the stars all his life.我看到一个陌生人进了、正在进办公室。I observed
8、a stranger go/going into the office.我注意到班上有几个学生睡着了。I observed that several students were asleep in class.(2)vt.to obey;to act in accordance with 遵守,顺从我们必须遵守交通规则。We must _ ( observe the traffic rules).(3)vt.to hold or celebrate 举行（仪式等）,庆祝（节日等）你们国家的人庆祝圣诞节吗？Do you _ in your country?(observe Christmas D
9、ay)6.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮忙,这才使得她得以开展自己的计划。Only+状语+部分倒装 “只有才”Exercise:只有这样,我们才能学好英语。Only in this way _（can we learn English well）.到那时我才意识到我的错误。Only then _（did I realize my mistakes）.只有你了解我。Only you _（understand
10、me）.但Only+主语时不倒装 Multiple choice1) I failed in the final examination last term and only then _ the importance of studies.(D)A.I realizedB.I had realizedC.had I realized D.did I realize2)It was _ back home after the experiment.(C)A.not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didnt goC.not un
11、til midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt go7.For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.40年来,简古多尔帮助世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。现在完成进行时 have/ has been doing 表示过去某一时刻开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在,甚至到将来,强调进行的过程或表示到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作或存在的状态。H
12、e has been lying in bed for two weeks.译:他已经卧床两周了。（现在还躺着）Exercise:他累了。一天来他一直在学习。（现在还在学习)He is tired.He has been studying all day.这些天他不断地给我们的杂志写文章。All these days _ to our magazine.(he has been writing)几个月以来,汤姆每天晚间都给艾丽斯打电话。Tom _ for several months.( has been phoning Alice every night)Multiple choice:1)
13、Now that she is out of a job,Lucy _ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.(B)A.had consideredB.has been consideringC.consideredD.is going to consider2) He went to Beijing in 1990 and _ there ever since.(B)A.is workingB.has been working C.works D.worked8.She has argued for them to be left in
14、 the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisement.她一直主张他们应该留在野外生活,而不是为娱乐和广告所利用。argue (vi.) +with sb.about/over sth.同某人辩论某事They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem.They are arguing with each other about the justice of the war.argue (vt.)+n./clause(从句)/sb.to be.
15、We argued that we should be paid more.The way he spends money argues him to be rich.argue for/against 为、为反对而辩论The workers argued for the right to strike.Some people argue against free trade.9.She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.她激励着人们为妇女的成就而欢呼喝彩。inspire encourageinspired/i
16、nspiring adj.inspiration n.eg:She was an inspiration to all of us.Her _ speech yesterday made us _.We are determined to learn from her and try to do our job better.(inspiring,inspired)Multiple choice:He was an _ poet at that time and his _ poems spread through all the country.（D）A.inspired;inspiredB
17、.inspiring;inspiredC.inspired;inspiringD.inspiring;inspiring10.Her mother came to support her.她母亲来支持她。support 1) 支持2）承受3） 供养I wonder if the Americans support the new political party.I think its important to support local businesses.That bench wont support four people.Translation:The old man supports
18、 himself with a stick.那位老人拄着手杖。He support a big family.他支撑着一个大家庭。He can support himself after graduation from college.他大学毕业后就能自力谋生。Grammar主谓一致一、语法一致原则A boy _（be）sitting there.(is)Water _（be）important to us.(is)1.单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语时谓语为单数。In this way,get the students to sum up other rules.Bread and but
19、ter _（be）a daily food in the West.(is)The worker and writer _（be）from Wuhan.(is) 译:那个工人兼作家来自武汉。2.由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份或匹配出现时谓语为单数。否则用复数。The worker and the writer _（be）from Beijing.(are）译:那个工人和那位作家来自北京。Each of the students _ (have )a book.（has）3.one/every one /each/either/the number+of+复数名词作主语时谓语用
20、单数。Clothing _（be）badly needed in this flooded area.（is）4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时谓语用单数 。Physics _ (interest)boys in our class.(interests)5.以s 结尾但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语时谓语用单数。Eg:maths,physics，Swiss，the United statesTwenty years _ (pass) since he lef
21、t his hometown.(has passed)6.表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时谓语用单数。Anything _（be） possible.(is)7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语时谓语用单数。Collecting stamps _（be）what he likes.(is) Whatever was left _（be）taken away.(is)8.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时,谓语用单数。Both bread and butter _（be）sold out.(have been)9.由
22、and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时,谓语用复数。The police _（be）looking for the missing child.(are)10.people,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语时,谓语用复数。The cattle _ (go) to the river to have a drink.(went,go)二、就近一致原则Not only he but also I _（be）invited.(am) Neither my gloves nor my hat _ (go) with the dress.(goes) 由or,either.or,ne
23、ither.nor,not only.but also 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。The teacher with a number of students _ (be) in the classroom.(is) 但注意主语+ with/along with /together with/including /but/except/like/among/as well as /no more than /besides/rather than +名词,谓语和主语在单复数上保持一致。三、 意义一致原则His family _（be）a great one
24、.（is）His family _（be）music lovers.(are)1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语。强调整体用单数,指所有成员用复数。All _ present.(are) All the food _ good.(tastes)2.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语,根据其指代的内容而定。如果指代可数名词,用复数谓语;如果指代不可数名词用单数谓语。Half of the
25、students _ girls.（are）Two thirds of the surface _ covered with water.(is)3.half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/ 分数、百分数+of +名词作主语时,要根据其后的名词而定。如果其后跟可数名词,则用复数谓语;如果其后跟不可数名词,则用单数谓语。*结束Language Points1.It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babi
26、es.这是一本小书介绍如何在妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率“explaining” 为-ing形式作定语修饰book。-ing 形式作定语常表示与谓语动词同时的行为，相当于谓语动词未进行时或一般时的定语从句,有时也可以表示与谓语不同时的行为。例如:Who is the man sitting (who is sitting) in the corner?坐在角落的那个人是谁？Women caring (who care) for patients in hospitals are called nurses.医院里照料病人的妇女叫护士。The man wearing (who wears
27、) a blue suit used to be a teacher.那个穿一身蓝的人从前当过老师。2.One of them caught my eye.其中一本书引起了我的注意。catch sb.s eye=sb.see sth.When I entered his new house,a beautiful picture caught my eye.当我走进他的新房子的时候,我看到了一幅漂亮的图画。3.I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women who lived in the c
28、ountryside.我仔细阅读了文章,了解到那是为了生活在农村的妇女而写的。intend vt. 1）打算2） 给What do you intend to do /doing next?接下来你打算干什么？He intends no harm to you.他并不是故意要伤害你的。Our dictionary is intended for the students.我们的字典是给学生用的。4.It struck me like lighting how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so
29、 long ago when womens education was always placed second to mens.在那久远的年代,当女性的教育总是低于男性的时候,一个女子去学医一定相当困难,这想法闪电般划过我的脑海。must/ may/ might/+ have +p.p 肯定/可能已经cant/ couldnt + have +p.p不可能已经They must have spent years and years building the Great Wall.他们肯定花了很多年建长城。The man you saw last night couldnt /cant hav
30、e been Tom.你昨晚看到的人不可能是汤姆。place A second to B 使A处于次于B的地位5.It was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医科院的大门。It was not her success at university that had made her famous.It was her kindness and the consideration she showed to all
31、 her patients. 强调句型:It is/ was.that/ who.It was at the supermarket that I met my former classmate.我是在超市碰到我以前的同学的。It was from Britain that my cousin turned home last year.我表弟去年是从英国回来的。It was I rather than you that/ who helped her out of the trouble.是我而不是你帮助他从困境中走出的。*结束测试性评价.单词拼写1.The young lady b wit
32、h great courage when her husband died.2.This is a m matter;wed better leave it to the doctors.3.The birth r is the number of births compared with the number of people.4.China Daily really has good a on sports.5.I went to see a s who found I had too little sugar in my blood.6.A theme park is a place
33、of _ (娱乐).7._（激励） by her teacher,the girl student worked harder and soon made great progress.8.Susan has made great _ (成就)in the past two years.9.Nowadays few children are _(考虑周到的) towards their parents.10.All _ (通信) with France was stopped when the enemy gained control of the sea.句型转换1.She has been
34、 spending lots of time singing and dancing.She has been _ _ _ singing and dancing.2.Many people living in the city do not respect people from the countryside.Many people living in the city _ _ _ people from the countryside.3.He was the very person that helped me out of the nasty trouble._ _ he _ hel
35、ped me out of the nasty trouble.4.The problem is worth discussing.The problem is _ _ _.5.This is a book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.This is a book _ _ how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.完成句子1.我不在这的时候,帮我照看一下孩子,好吗？ Would you mind _ _
36、my baby while I am away?2.这书是写给住在农村的妇女的。This book is _ _ women who live in the countryside.3.这妇女的婴儿被顺利接生了。这使她所有的亲戚都松了一口气。The woman had her baby _ safely,which made all her relatives become less worried.4.直到去年他才找到一份喜欢的工作。Only until last year _ he _ a job that he likes.单项填空1.Mr.Reed made up his mind t
37、o devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A.set up B.setting up C.have set upD.having set up2.It _ at the crossroads _ he was killed in the accident the other day.A.is;thatB.was;thatC.is;whereD.was;where3.A good idea just _ meLets go swimming.A.beatB.happenedC.hitD.struck4.Only _ a hum
38、an being.A.when is it hungry a lion will attackB.when it is hungry a lion will attackC.when it is hungry will a lion attackD.when is it hungry will a lion attack5.Dont spoil the children.Cant you make your little boy _ himself?A.behaveB.believeC.performD.conduct6.On the bus,all the people except the
39、 driver _ to talk and laugh during the journey.A.encouragedB.were encouraging C.were encouragedD.was encouraged7.I really _ whether we win or lose.A.care aboutB.care forC.careD.care to8.Youve done much of the work,and please leave _ to us.A.the restB.the otherC.anotherD.the others9.Dont _ a person o
40、nly because he has failed in an examination.A.look up B.look downC.look down onD.look up to10.Though we spent a lot,we think it _ because we succeeded in the end.A.worth B.worth being spentC.worthy of D.worthwhile11.What he said at the meeting means _ those who had cut down the forests.A.to argue ag
41、ainstB.to argue forC.argued forD.arguing against12.She won a Nobel Prize for her scientific _.A.interestsB.achievementsC.behaviorD.intended giving13.The flowers _ my mother,but my sister thought they were for her and took them.A.were intended forB.intended forC.intended to give D.observation14.Micha
42、el is _ because he never takes any exercise.A.under conditionsB.on no conditionC.in condition D.out of condition15.Shes tired of acting,and she _ changing for a new job,but she hasnt made up her mind yet.A.had consideredB.has been consideringC.considered D.is going to consider16.The scientist and en
43、gineer _ invented a new machine.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.are17._ either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neither she nor I _.A.Is;amB.Are;amC.Are;isD.Is;is18.The old _ respected in our country.A.areB.isC.wereD.was19.It is he that _ singing and dancing.A.likeB.likesC.likedD.is liked20.Either you or t
44、he headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.A.is handing outB.are to hand outC.are handing outD.is to hand out21.Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?It _.A.all depend B.all dependsC.is all dependedD.is all depending22.The family _ early risers,who often _ morning e
45、xercise in the park.A.are;doesB.is;doesC.are;doD.is;do23.Thank goodness,youre here.What _ you?Traffic jam.A.keepsB.is keepingC.had keptD.kept24.I wrote him a letter to show my _ of his thoughtfulness.A.achievement B.agreementC.attentionD.appreciation25. _ of the land in that district _ covered with
46、trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;isD.Two fifths;are26.I was really anxious about you.You _ home without a word.A.mustnt leaveB.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have leftD.neednt leave27.On our long journey to Mount Tai,Brooke _ a most interesting guide.We all had a wonderful tim
47、e.A.behavedB.provedC.supportD.explained28. My daughter has passed the university entrance exam.Congratulations!Shes really intelligent._.A.No,she is nothing B.Oh,thank youC.Sometimes she is intelligentD.You are right29.Can he do the work alone?_,he cant do it,nor can I, _ anybody.A.Yes;norB.No;norC.
48、Yes;neitherD.No;neither30.For a long time they walked without saying _ word,Jim was the first to break _ silence.A.the;aB.a;theC.a;/D.the;/参考答案Keys:.1.behaved2.medical3.rate4.articles5.specialist6.entertainment7.Inspired8.achievement9.consideratemunication.1.devoting herself to2.look down upon3.It w
49、as，that4.worthy of discussion4.which/that explains.1.caring for2.intended for3.delivered4.did，find.1.B此题考查devote.to doing的用法。在此结构中,to 是介词,其后要接动词的-ing形式。 2.B此题考查强调句型的结构。去掉It was.that,其他成分仍然是一个完整的句子。3.D此题考查strike 的用法。Sth.strike sb.某人想到4.C此题考查倒装的用法。当only加状语放在句首,要用部分倒装。5.Abehave oneself 举止得体。6.C此题考查主谓一致
50、。all the people except the driver,谓语应根据all the people,要用复数。 同时,此处意为被鼓励做某事,为被动语态,要用be encouraged to do sth.。7.Ccare表“在乎”,其后接从句时,常常不要介词about。8.A题意为“剩下的工作”。这四个词中只有the rest 可以指代不可数名词the work。9.C题意为 “瞧不起”。10.D此处为worthwhile 形容词作宾补。11.D此题考查mean 的用法。根据题意,此处为“他在会议上说的话意味着反对砍树的人”。如果是反对砍树的话那就没有必要争辩,所以应该argue fo
51、r;而“意味着做某事”应该是mean doing。所以答案为C。12.B此题考查词义辨析。题意为“她因为她的科学成就而获得诺贝尔奖”,所以选achievements。13.A此题考查intend 的用法。“sth.be intended for sb.”某物是给某人（做用的）。14.D根据题意,应该是 “Michael由于从不锻炼所以身体很差”。15.B此题考查时态。根据题意,“她对表演很厌倦,一直想换工作”。没有过去的过去的意味,所以不选A;也不是过去曾考虑换,所以不选C;更不是将考虑换,所以不选D。16.A此题考查主谓一致。The scientist and engineer是双重身份,指
52、一位既是科学家又是工程师的人,应该用单数的谓语。17.A此题考查主谓一致。 “either.or”和 “neither.nor” 连接两个并列的主语时要用就近原则。18.A此题考查时态和主谓一致。根据题意,说的是现在在我们国家老人受到尊重,用一般现在时态。The old指一类人,要用复数的谓语。19.B此题考查强调句型和主谓一致。把强调句型的结构 “It is.that ”去掉,把句子还原成 He _ singing and dancing,很容易看出应该用单数的谓语。20.D此题考查时态和主谓一致。“either.or”和 “neither.nor” 连接两个并列的主语时要用就近原则,排除B
53、和C。根据题意,应该是“你或是校长将给优秀的学生颁奖”,要用将来时态,排除A。21.B“视情况而定”用It all depends。22.CThe family指这家庭里的成员,强调个体,要用复数的谓语,排除B和D。who引导定语从句,指代early risers,从句的谓语要用复数,排除A。23.D此题考查时态。题意为“是什么阻碍了你(使你现在才到)？”用过去时态。24.D此题考查词义辨析。achievement “成就”,agreement “同意、协议”,attention “注意”,appreciation “欣赏,感激”。25.C此题考查分数的表达方式和主谓一致。分子要用基数词,分母
54、用序数词,当分母大于一时,要用复数。当分数当主语,谓语由它所接的名词而决定。“the land”是不可数名词,所以用单数的谓语。26.B此题考查虚拟语气。根据题意,“我当时真的很担心你,你不该什么也不说就离家的”。shouldnt have done表“本来不该做但又做了”;而cant have done 表“不可能已经做了”,不符合题意。 27.B此题考查词义辨析.prove 表“证明是”。28.B此题考查情景反应。西方人比较谦逊,回应别人的赞美应该用 “Thank you”等。29.B英语的回答应该与事实相符。根据题意,“他不能单独做”,所以应该回答 “No”。 30.B此题考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“一个字也没说”,所以用“a”;第二空表示“打破这种寂静”,所以用定冠词the。