1、20122013英语必修4人教版新课标Unit 2同步学案（Using Language）Period ThreeUsing Language1 拓展归纳confuse sb.使某人困惑(糊涂)be confused by sth.被某(事)物搞糊涂了become/get confused困惑，不知所措confuse.with/and.把和混淆confuse black with white混淆黑白confusable adj.会被混淆的，会被弄糊涂的confused adj.困惑的，不知所措的；混乱的confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的confusion nU混乱，混淆；困惑
2、完成句子(1)这个难题使他困惑。The difficult question confused_him.(2)人们被大量的信息搞糊涂了。People were_confused_by a lot of information.(3)我把她和她妹妹弄错了，因为她们长得太像了。I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.2 拓展归纳regret to do sth.遗憾/抱歉要去做(do动词一般是say，tell，inform，announce等这样的词)regret doing sth.后悔曾经做过某事regret not
3、to have done sth.后悔没做过某事regret that.遗憾/后悔have no regrets没有遗憾It is a matter for/of regret that.令人遗憾的是It is to be regretted that.使人遗憾的是to ones regret(对某人而言)可惜的是用所给词的适当形式填空(1)He bitterly regretted ever having_mentioned (mention) it.(2)I regret to_say (say) that Im unable to accept your kind invitation.
4、(3)I have no regrets (regret) about leaving Newcastle.(4)Emma shook her head regretfully (regret) when she heard the result.3 拓展归纳reduce (.)to.(把)减少到reduce (.)by.(把)减少了reduce sth. to.使成为(某种状态)reduce sb. to (doing) sth.迫使某人陷入(不佳状态)；使某人不得不reduction n减少，缩减；折扣，减价reductive adj.减少的；缩减的完成句子(1)商店已经降低了商品的价格，
5、所以现在是买东西的好时候。Theyve reduced_the_prices in the shop，so its good time to buy.(2)她的体重减轻了5千克。She reduced_her_weight by 5 kilograms.(3)炸弹使该市成为废墟。The bombs reduced the city to_ruins.(4)她见到那情景便哭了起来。She was_reduced_to_tears at the sight.4These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over tim
6、e.(P14) build up，put up，set up(1)build up逐步建立，建造，建设，常指建造较大的物体。(2)put up着重指建造、搭起一个具有高度的具体的物体，口语中set up和build也有此意。(3)set up开办，建立，常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更着重打基础。完成句子(1)各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班了。All the pressure built_up and he was off work for weeks with stress.(2)试试让他增进对自己的信心。Try and b
7、uild_up_his_confidence a bit.(3)他们的话在面试后增强了我的信心。Their words built_up my confidence after the interview.(4)在十年拼搏后他们建立了这家公司。They built_up_this_company after ten years struggle.5 拓展归纳lead sb. to.引导某人去(地方)lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事lead a.life过的生活result from产生于；因引起lie in在于，由于have a good lead over领先于完成句子(
8、1)这条小路通到那个村庄。The path leads_to the village.(2)我们的产品仍领先于我们的竞争者。Our product has_a_good_lead_over our competitors.(3)我们队在前半场领先。Our team was in_the_lead at halftime.(4)什么使你相信我病了？What_led_you_to_believe I was ill?6 拓展归纳come into focus(某物)轮廓明显，清晰；(问题)突出in focus焦距对准；清晰out of focus焦距没对准；模糊the focus of atten
9、tion注意力的中心；焦点focus on(concentrate on)注意；关注focus a camera/telescope on/upon使照相机、望远镜聚焦于focus/fix/concentrate ones attention/mind/eyes on/upon使某人的注意力/心思/眼睛专注于用focus on的适当形式填空(1)The discussion focuses_on three main problems.(2)All his attention was_focused_on one thing onlyhow to solve the problem of wa
10、ter shortage.(3)In the scene，the camera focused_on the actors face.7 Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil,and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop.(P14)拓展归纳stop sb. (from) doing s
11、th.阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事完成句子(1)大雨使我们无法外出。The heavy rain stopped/prevented_us_(from)_going_out.(2)妈妈不让我单独外出。Mother kept_me_from going out alone.(3)雨伞可以保护你不被雨淋。The umbrella can protect you from the rain.1 Recently,however,scientists
12、have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to peoples health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。用法点拨(1)have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时与现在完成时是有区别的，前者说明动作从过去某段时间到现在一直进行着，而且有可能还将持续下去；后者强调的是一个完成的动作，用于说明动作的结果，而不是动作本身。John has
13、 been painting the ceiling.约翰一直在粉刷天花板。John has painted the ceiling.约翰把天花板粉刷完了。(2)本句中的情态动词can表示理论的可能性。肯定句中，can可以表示客观的(理论的)可能性，并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不可用can，须用could，may，might。Accidents can happen on such rainy days.这种下雨的天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)Peter may come with us tonight，but he
14、isnt sure yet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)I wont tell the students the answer to the maths problem until they have_been_working (work) on it for more than an hour.(2)They had_been_working (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are_still_working
15、(still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.(3)Are you still busy?Yes，I am_finishing (finish) my work and it wont take long.2 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆、大豆
16、一类的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，使之适宜于种植那些要求土壤肥沃的农作物，例如小麦或玉米。用法点拨making it.是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是整个句子。By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125,000，making it the largest city in the USA.到1820年纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，这(使它)成为美国最大的城市。They were caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the de
17、lay.他们遇上了交通阻塞，因而迟到了。现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)现在分词作结果状语时一般只能单独使用，也就是说，没有固定的句型结构，它通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了突出结果之意可在现在分词前加副词thus，常译为“因而，因此”。现在分词作结果状语往往表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。Tom fell down from the tree，breaking his arm.汤姆从树上摔了下来，摔断了胳膊。(2)动词不定式单独作结果状语，通常表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前加only，译为“(结果)却，只(只是)”，在这种情况下，
18、不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。After two days we finally arrived at the small village，only to be told that the old man had passed away.两天之后我们终于到达了这个小村庄，(使我们失望的是)村民们告诉我们那位老人已经去世了。Yesterday a beggar bought a lottery ticket，to make him a millionaire overnight.昨天一个街头乞丐买了一张彩票，结果使他一夜之间成了百万富翁。用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)He went to
19、New York to see his daughter，only to_find (find) she had gone to Washington.(2)Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year，reaching (reach) a record of $57.65 a barrel on April 4.(3)He hurried to the cinema only to_find (find) the film had been on.(4)European football is played in 80 co
20、untries，making (make) it the most popular sport in the world.(5)His father was lost in the war，never to_be_heard (hear) of again.化学耕作还是有机耕作？在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会
21、在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维他命和矿物质。由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料，他们认为这样会使田地更富含矿物质，因而
22、也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如：种玉米或小麦后，来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些许多不同的有机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害
23、环境或者是人们的健康。Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers，almost three times the number hired last year，_ reduce unemployment pressures.(江苏高考)Ahelp Bto have helped Cto help Dhaving helped答案C解析根据句意可知此处应该选动词不定式作目的状语。课文原文 .for he works the land to_do_
24、his_research.My uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice _ expensive.(四川高考)Aas Bso Ctoo Dvery答案A解析but分句实际上是一个省略句，补充完整为：but it is twice as expensive as ours。课文原文Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before.The number of foreign stude
25、nts attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1997.(山东高考)Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been答案C解析“the number ofn.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。课文原文These increased harvests mean that 22% of the worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China._ twice，the postman refused
26、 to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(北京高考)ABeing bitten BBitten CHaving bitten DTo be bitten答案B解析Bitten twice在句中作状语，bite与句子主语the postman之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。课文原文Born into a poor farmers family in 1930，Dr.Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Excuse me，Marcia，
27、a reporter from Vanity Fair _ all day.Could you speak to her now？(辽宁高考)Aphones Bhas phoned Chas been phoning Dphoned答案C解析句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。课文原文Recently，however，scientists have_been_finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.