1、数词一、 概述数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词电基数词，如 one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词与不定代词用法相似，在现代英语中，它与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。二、 基数词1. 基数词的表示法(1) 以下是最基本的基数词，学习者必须牢记：one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5),
2、 six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a mi
3、llion(1000000), a billion (十亿)(2) 2199 的表示法。先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字号：twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99)等。(3) 101999的表示法。先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾两位数(或末位数)：one hundred and one(101), five hundred and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)(4) 1000 以上的基数词的表示法。先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号(
4、即以此把数目分为若干段)。第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数million(百万)，第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿)，第四个逗号前的数为 trillion(万亿)，然后一段一段地数：9, 883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three65, 359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine265, 468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight60, 263, 1
5、50 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty注： 英语没有“万”这个单位，要表示“万”须借用thousand，如“一万”用“十千”表示(ten thousand)，“十万”用“百千”表示(one hundred thousand)。 hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词在读数时不带复数词尾-s(即用单数形式)。 在hundred 后通常加上连词，不过此and 在美国英语中可以省略。若读数中没有 hundred，则在thousand后加and。一个
6、数的最高位若为“一”，这个“一”可用a或one表示，但在数字中间的“一”，则只能用one，不能用a：1600 a thousand and six hundred6100 six thousand and one hundred (其中的 one 不可改为a) 在非正式场合，人们也常以hundred 为单位来读数，对于1100至1900之间的整数尤其如此(参见年代的读法)：It cost fifteen hundred pounds. 这东西花了1500英镑。2. 时刻、日期、年份等的表示法(1) 时刻的表示法 若为整点钟，则直接读相应的基数词;若为非整点钟，则分别以“时”和“分”为单位用相应
7、的基数词读出：twelve(12), eight twenty(8:20), nine forty-five(9:45) 对于带“分”的时间，也可借助past(过)和to(差)这两个介词来表示(在美国英语中用after表示“过”)。但是注意，这样表示时“分”不能超过30，否则应作处理，如9.38应处理成“10点差22分”：9.18 eighteen minutes past (after) nine (= nine eighteen)10.46 fourteen minutes to eleven (= ten forty-six)以上分钟后带了minutes一词。若“分”为5, 10, 15
8、, 20 等五的倍数，则可省略minutes：8.05 five (minutes) past eight (= eight five)9.20 twenty (minutes) past nine (=nine twenty)若“分”为15或45，可借用quarter 一词;若“分”为30，可借用half一词：6.15 a quarter past six 8.45 a quarter to nine 10.30 half past ten注：时刻表示法分为12小时编时制和24小时编时制。(2) 日期的表示法：日期的写法(书面语)和读法(口语)稍有不同，如“十月一日”可以写成 October
9、 1, October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October 等，表示月份的词也可用缩略式，如 Oct. 1, 1 Oct. 1，但是在口语中通常只有两种读法 October (the) first或the first of October。注：日期与星期排列时，通常是星期在前，日期在后：He arrived on Friday, May 10. 他于5月10日(星期五)到达。和fifteen hundred，而2000年通常读作 two thousand，2003年读作 two thousand and three。若表示某个某个
10、年代，则按类似以下的读法：1980s 读作nineteen-eighties(20世纪80年代)， 1600s 读作sixteen hundreds(17世纪头10年，即16001610)， 比较：1300 thirteen hundred(1300年)。3. 用于复数形式的基数词(1) 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的岁数或年代：in the sixties 在60年代 in ones thirties 在某人30多岁时(2) 基数词转化为名词，可用复数形式：How many twos are there in ten? 10里面有几个2?The soldiers marched in
11、 tens. 士兵们10人一排前进。(3) 某些习语中也用复数形式的基数词：in twos and threes 三三两两地 at sixes and sevens 乱其八糟三、 序数词1. 序数词的表示法(1) 以下是最基本的序数词，学习者必须牢记：first(第1), second(第2), third(第3), fourth (第4), fifth(第5), sixth(第6), seventh(第7), eighth(第8), ninth(第9), tenth(第10), eleventh(第11), twelfth(第12), thirteenth(第13), fourteenth(
12、第14), fifteenth(第15), sixteenth(第16), seventeenth(第17), eighteenth(第18), nineteenth(第19), twentieth(第20), thirtieth(第30), fortieth(第40), fiftieth(第50), sixtieth(第60), seventieth(第70), eightieth(第80), ninetieth(第90)。注： 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加th构成的，如：four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但
13、是nine变为序数词是ninth，而不是nineth。 twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie，再加th 构成。 first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。(2) 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth
14、(第365)等。(3) hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为 hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等：five hundredth (500th) 第500 ten thousandth (10, 000th) 第10000)注意：这类词前用数字“一”时，这个“一”只用one，不用a：one hundredth 第100(不说a hundredth)3. 既可序数词也可用基数词的场合(1) 日期的表示法通常用序数词，也可用基数词，如“5月5日”在书面语中通常写成5 May(英)或May 5th(美)，而在口语中则通常说成 the f
15、ifth of May，May the fifth(英)， May fifth(美)等。(2) 在类似编号的场合，用序数词应放在被修饰词语之前，若用基数词则置于其后： the First Lesson / lesson one 第一课 the tenth chapter / chapter ten 第10章the sixth line / line 6 第6 行 the third part / part three 第三部分但是，在许多情况下，用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便：Book One 第一册 Room 805 805房page 110 第110页 Bus Number Ten 第1
16、0路公共汽车4. 序数词前使用冠词应注意的两点(1) 序数词前通常要用定冠词Its the third time Ive been here. 这是我第三次来这儿。The second is better than the first. 第二个比第一个好。注： 表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常省略定冠词：She was (the) third in the exam. 她考试得了第三名。序数词用作副词时也通常不用冠词：He came first. 他先来。Ill have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业做完。有些习语中的序数词前没有冠词：at first
17、开始 at first sight 乍看起来 first of all 首先 但若序数词前用了物主代词或名词所有格，则不能再用定冠词：his second wife 他的第二个妻子 Toms third book 汤姆的第三本书(2) 序数词前有时可用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加：A second student stood up. 又一个(第二个)学生站了起来。I want to read the book a third time.这本书我想读第三次。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于，定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another的意思，但比another 的意思更明确：I
18、 like the third girl. 我喜欢第三个女孩。(至少有三个女孩供选择，特指)I saw a third girl. 我又看见了第三个女孩。(暗示原来已看见两个，这已是第三个)四、 分数、倍数、小数和百分数的表示法1. 分数的表示法。分数由基数词和序数构成分子用基数词，分母用序数，分子超过“1”时，分母用复数：a sixth, two thirds, three fifths注：(1) 1/2 通常读作 a half，一般不读作a second。(2) 1/4可读作 a fourth，也可读作 a quarter。(3) 分子超过“1”分母之所以用复数可以这样理解：“三分之二”即
19、两个(two)三分之一(third)，既然是两个“三分之一”，那“三分之一”当然要用复数，即用thirds。(4) 在数学上，为了简洁起见，分子和分母均可用基数词，其间用介词over：3/4 读作three over four(对于比较复杂的分数通常采用此读法)(5) 带分数的读法：在整数与分数之间用and连接：five and two thirds 2. 倍数的表示法。表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词：Half (of) the apples are bad. 一半苹果是坏的。His homework is not yet half
20、 done. 他的作业还没完成一半。He eats twice what I eat. 他的食量是我的两倍。第(1)句和第(3)句的意思比较清楚，但第(2)句常容易误解，有人认为它与其他两句意思不 同，应理解为“这根绳子比那根绳子长三倍”，但绝大多数语法学家并不这样认为，而是认为以上三句意思相同。4. 小数的表示法。与汉语一样，小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读，小数点后的数按单个数字一一读出。 小数点后的0通常读作oh，有时也读作nought或zero，小数点读作point：one point five six(1.56), ten point three oh five(10.305)注：被
21、大于“1”的小数修饰的名词要用复数，如说 1.3 meters，不说1.3 meter;即使是被小于“1”的小数修饰，名词也通常可以用复数：One centimeter equals 0.3937 inches. 1厘米等于0.3937英寸。5.5. 百分数的表示法。百分数由基数词(或小数)和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作 per cent：fifteen percent(15%), (zero) point six percent(0.6%)注：百分数后接名词时有时用介词of，有时不用：30% of the students(30%的学生)，a 30% chance(30%的把握)。两者
22、的区别是：后接介词of时，percent 为名词，of表示整体中的部分;不接介词of时，percent 为形容词(此时不表示整体与部分的关系)，再比较：6 percent of the interest=利息中的百分之六，at 6 percent interest=按百分之六的利息。五、约数的表示法1. 大于某数的表示法。可用 more than, over, or more等表示：more than fifty people 五十多个人children of fourteen and over 十四岁和十四岁以上的少年sixty students or more 六十或六十多个学生2. 小于
23、某数的表示法。可用less than, under, or less, up to, almost, nearly 等：It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上10英镑。Children under six years old are admitted free. 未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。Its nearly 10 oclock. 快两点了。The temperature is five degrees below zero. 温度是零下5度。3. 大约数的表示法。可用or, or so, about, around, round, some, more
24、or less 等表示：Ill come back in three or four days. 我过三四天就回来。We stayed or an hour or so. 我们停留了一个小时左右。It will cost around (round, about) 100 dollars. 那大概要100美元。Some 100 people attended the meeting. 大约100参加了会议。I read more or less forty pages last night. 我昨晚看了大约40页。注：要表示“一两分钟”这样的意思，通常用a minute or two 或 on
25、e or two minutes，而不用 one minute or two。六、数词的句法功能1. 用作主语：The second is yours. 第二个是你的。Its said that 13 is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。2.用作表语：Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。Two thirds of the apples were bad. 三分之二的苹果是坏的。3. 用作宾语：I know three of them. 他们当中有三个有我认识。Please give me the third. 请给我第三个。4.
26、 用作定语：He has three English dictionaries. 他有三本英语词典。The second one is more expensive. 第二个更贵。The rope is only 2.15 meters long. 这根绳子只有2.15米长。5. 用作同位语：Are you two reading? 你们两人都在看书吗?Let us four finish the work. 让我们四个人完成这工作吧。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个是准?课堂练习：( ) 1Now，everyone，plea
27、se turn to Page and look at picture ATwelve；the fifth BTwelfth；the fifth CTwelve；five DTwelfth；five( ) 2一Which number is the biggest of the four? AOne third BTwo thirds CA half DA quarter( ) 3一Can you write the number eighty-five thousand six hundred and twenty-six? 一Yes，it is A85，626 B856，620 C58，6
28、62 D58，626( ) 4一Have you got enough students to carry the boxes？ 一No，I think I need students Aanother Btwo others Ctwo more Dmore two( ) 5In order to find better job，she planned to learn second language Athe；a Bthe； Ca；the Da；a( ) 6一Which class won the basketball match? 一 did AClass Third BClass Thr
29、ee CThird Class DThree Class( ) 7About of the earth covered with water，but we have less fresh water Athree quarter；is Bthree quarters；is Cthree quarter；are Dthree quarters；are( ) 8Christmas Day is on of December Atwenty-five Bthe twenty-five Ctwenty-fifth Dthe twenty-fifth ( ) 9How long is the bridg
30、e ?Its A300-meter-long B300-meters 1ong C300 meters long D300 meter long( )10The number of the students in our grade about ，and of them are girls Aare；six hundreds；two-thirds Bis；six hundred；two-third Cis；six hundred；two thirds Dare；six hundreds；two third( )11一Ang Lee，a Chinese director，won the Best
31、 Director again in his 一How great he is! It is his time to win an Oscar Afifty；twice Bfiftieth；second Cfifties；second Dfifties；two( )12The weight of the moon is only about of that of the earth Aone eighty Cone of eighty Cone the eightieth Done eightieth( )13Look! This is a school built three years a
32、goThis school is ours Aas twice larger as Btwice as large as C1arger twice as Dtwo times as large as( )14Tom，a boy，can speak English quite wellHe Wants to learn language next term Atwelve-year-old；second Btwelve year old；the second Ctwelve-year-old；a second Dtwelve years old；the second( )l5Three and
33、 two were talking when the professor came in AJapanese；Germen BJapaneses；Germen CJapanese；Germans DJapaneses；Germans( )16 girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only a few of them succeeded AMillion of BMany million of COne raillion of DMillions of( )l7一How far is the small town from Lond
34、on? Its about kilometers Atwo hundred and thirty five Btwo hundreds and thirty five Ctwo hundreds and thirty-five Dtwo hundred and thirty-five( )18We have stayed at this school for ATwo years and half BTwo and half a years CTwo years and a half DTwo and a half year答案 15 ABACD 610 BBDCC 1115 CDBCC l6
35、18 DDC家庭作业：1.Linda, how can I keep fit? Well, _ apple a day keeps _ doctor away.A. an, a B. an, the C. the, a D. the, the2.What do you think of the 3D-printed _? Im afraid they are not safe enough to live in.A. tools B. buildings C. cars D. toys3.I like the song sung by Li Jian. Me, too.I think no o
36、ne can sing _ than him in the programme I AM A SINGER.A. better B. worse C. more D.less4.I want to buy a fine watch for my father on Fathers Day, but _ is fit for him in the shops nearby.A. no one B.nothing C. none D. neither5._ of the land in that area _ covered with golden yellow flowers at this t
37、ime of year.A. Three fifths, is B. Three fifth, is C. Three fifth, are D. Three fifths, are6.Bella , a young singer, _on January, 2015 because of cancer. Her death made us very sad.A. has been dead B. has died C. had been dead D. died7.More and more people, old and young, are fond _ square dance in
38、the early evening.A. on B. to C. in D.of8.We are going to Xinghua Museum by car. You can come with us _ you can ride there later.A. but B. and C. or D. for9.Hello, This is Jim Green. May I speak to Mr Black, please? _, please. Ill see if he is in his office.A. Come on B. Turn on C. Hold on D. Go on1
39、0._ nice the fish smells! I cant wait to taste it.A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 11.Who is your new English teacher this term, Jack? The man _ is wearing a blue T-shirt.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which12.What a heavy rain! Will it last long? _. Were going on a trip to West Lake in Hangzhou tomorr
40、ow.A. Not at all B. Of course not C. I hope not D. Not exactly13.Dad, Lets hurry! There are only ten minutes _. I dont want to miss the train. OK, Im coming.A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left14.Someone is singing next door. Is it Amy? It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont15.Could you tell me _? With my teachers help.A. when you did so well B. when did you do it so wellC. how you did so well D. how did you do it so well家庭作业题 号123456789101112131415答 案BBACADDCCABCDAC