1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家第22讲 情态动词与虚拟语气经典精讲（上） 开篇语开心自测 开心自测讲解题一：Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studiedB. would studyC. had studiedD. was studying题二：I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. wou
2、ld have come题三：We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.A. will putB. will have putC. would putD. would have put题四：Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I_ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.A. attended B. had attendedC. would attend D. would have
3、 attended 主要考点梳理情态动词情态动词的语法特征1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生；2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式；3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s；4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。比较can 和be able tocan和could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能
4、告诉你消息了。只用be able toa. 位于助动词后。b. 情态动词后。c. 表示过去某时刻动作。d. 用于句首表示条件。e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示时态。提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 Could I have the television on? Yes, you can. / N
5、o, you cant.在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。比较may和might表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意：might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨”。题一：If that is the case, we may as well try.Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn
6、t very sure yet.A. must B. may C. can D. will比较have to和must两词都是“必须”的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)在否定结构中： dont have to表示
7、“不必”mustnt表示“禁止”，You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。must表示推测must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。must表示对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）He must be working in his offi
8、ce. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比较：He must be staying there. 他现在肯定待在那里。He must stay there. 他必须待在那。must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear
9、 it.否定推测用 cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be
10、correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。情态动词+动词完成时。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。推测的否定形式，疑问形式用cant
11、, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如 can, may。情态动词+ have +过去分词may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the ca
12、r accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”的意思。 Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You ought to (sh
13、ould) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了。）ought to 在语气上比should 要强。neednt have done sth本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read
14、the article, but I was very busy then.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思，可用于各种人称。Ought he to go?Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令时，语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强。had better表示“最好”had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. Youd bette
15、r put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果。You had better have come earlier.would rather表示宁愿would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than宁愿而不愿还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continued my studi
16、es at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.题二：Shall we go skating or stay at home?Which _ do?A. do you rather B. would you ratherC. will you rather D. should you ratherwill和would注意：would like；Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to
17、go with me?Will you? Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。Would you like some cake?否定结构中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?情态动词的回答方式问句 肯定回答 否定回答Need you?Yes, I must. No, I needntMust you?Yes, you must. No, you dont have to.题三：1. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of cou
18、rse, you_.A. might B. willC. canD. should2. Shall I tell John about it?No, you _. Ive told him already.A. needntB. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt3. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _.A. I dont B. I wontC. I cantD. I havent带to 的情态动词带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上h
19、ave got to (=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once?ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否定时，须有do 等助动词
20、协助。 题四：Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tell C. be telling D. having told比较need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。实义动词： need（需要, 要求）need + n. / to do sth情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。Ne
21、ed you go yet?Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth 后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be done虚拟语气语气的定义和种类语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、
22、邀请、命令等。Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。If I were you, I should study English.如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！If条件句的虚拟从 句主 句与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式，should +
23、 动词原形，were to + 动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形第一层次：（基础）1) If S + were/did, S + would/should/could/might do (对现在的虚拟)2) If S + had done, S + would/could/should/might have done (对过去的虚拟)3) If S + were/did，S + would/should/could/might do (对将来的虚拟)should do were to do第二层次：如果If 省略的话，发生倒装现象：1) If I were
24、 you, I would go there.Were I you, I would go there.2) If I had walked fast, I would have caught up with Tom.Had I walked fast, I would have caught up with Tom.3) If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.4) If it should rain, I would not go the
25、re.Should it rain, I would not go there.什么时候不能倒装呢？1) If I worked hard now, I would get good marks.Worked I hard now, I would get good marks. 2) If I had enough money, I would give it to the Hope Project.(the poverty-stricken areas)Had I enough money, I would give it to the Hope Project.开心自测讲解题一： C题二：D题三：D题四：D情态动词题一：B题二：B题三：1.C 2.A 3.B题四：A - 7 - 版权所有高考资源网