1、Unit 8Green Living Lesson 1 词汇知识自主学习. 根据语境写出正确的单词或短语1. be known as “Just-me-ism”被称为“唯我独尊”2. cant be bothered to pick it up懒得去捡它3. millions of gallons of water数百万加仑的水4. the worlds best-known expert on wild chimpanzees 世界上最著名的野生黑猩猩专家5. break open brick walls to reach the light打破砖墙以获得光明6. the roots of
2、a plant 植物根部7. make a firm foundation 打下坚实的基础8. involve people with business processes 让人们参与到业务流程中9. make a dog wag its tail让狗摇尾巴10. set up an institute 创立一家机构. 根据语境写出正确的短语1. Mary felt herself forced to take action(采取行动) to defend herself. 2. During the Olympic Games, journalists from all around the
3、 world (全世界)came to cover the events. 3. I wont bother to do(懒得做某事) those tiring and useless things. 4. Cities like Beijing suffer from(遭受) terrible smog, and rain can help clear away polluted air. 5. He was determined to donate his millions of (数百万)dollars to buy the equipment for the research. 6.
4、The scheme has been set up (设立)to help homeless people. 7. In addition to(除之外) reading some poems, we read some novels. 8. Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a difference(有影响) in the world. 9. The Forbidden City is known as(作为而出名) one of the largest constructions in the wo
5、rld. 10. My friend began to pick up(好转) after staying in hospital for several days. . 根据课文补全句式1. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what(那又怎么样)? 2. Of course, it wouldnt matter(那没有关系) if there were just a few people in the world. 3. To inspire young people to take action for the enviro
6、nment, animals and their community(为了激励年轻人为环境、动物和他们的社区采取行动), Roots & Shoots was established. 4. In addition to her research, she has been whole-heartedly committed to environmental protection(全心全意地致力于环境保护). 阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanksPara. 1: What is “(1)_”?
7、Para. 2: The (2)_ of Roots & Shoots. Paras. 34: The (3)_ of its name. 答案: (1)Just-me-ism(2) establishment(3)meaning2. What is the text type of the passage? A. Narration (记叙文). B. Argumentative Essay (议论文). C. Expository Writing (说明文). D. Practical Writing (应用文). 答案: C3. Whats the main idea of this p
8、assage? The passage is mainly about the characteristics, significance and influence of Roots&Shoots, which aims to inspire young people to take action for the environment, animals and their community. 【寻技巧提能力】记笔记(Taking Notes)笔记是演讲中最重要的思想和细节的总结。记笔记可以帮助你更好地理解和记忆。第一次听。关注一般意义。再听一遍, 做笔记。不要把每个单词都写下来。只写主要
9、思想和关键词。使用图表、表格或项目符号。使用缩写词和符号, 例如: org =组织, yrs =年, =增加。Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)Which of following is not“Just-me-ism”? A. Leave the tap running while you brush your teeth. B. Leave a light burning when you go out. C. Drop a piece of litter and cant be bothered to pick it up.
10、D. Turn off the light when you go out. (2)When was Roots & Shoots established? A. In the early 1980s. B. In the late 1980s. C. In the early 1990s. D. In the late 1990s. (3)Whats the purpose of Roots & Shoots? A. To inspire old people. B. To inspire young people. C. To inspire middle-aged people. D.
11、To inspire children. (4) What can we learn from the text? A. Every individual doesnt matter. B. Every individual can make a difference to the world. C. Only a few people suffer from “Just-me-ism”. D. People cant live together in peace with nature. 答案: (1)(4)DCBB2. Reread the passage and fill in the
12、blanks. Roots & ShootsThe time of its (1)establishmentIn the early 1990sThe (2)founderDr. Jane GoodallThe purpose(3)To inspire young peopleThe meaning of its nameRoots move slowly to make (4)a firm foundation. Shoots can (5)break open brick walls. Every individual (6)matters to make the world a bett
13、er place. 3. Long sentence analysis. (1)Well, say you leave the tap running (宾语从句) while you brush your teeth(时间状语从句), leave a light on when you go out(时间状语从句) or you drop a piece of litter and cant be bothered to pick it up. 译文: 例如, 你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流, 外出的时候不关灯, 或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。(2)This institute(主语) was s
14、et up(谓语) in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Goodall(状语), a scientist(先行词) whos the worlds best-known expert on wild chimpanzees(定语从句). 译文: 这个组织20 世纪90年代初由珍古道尔博士创立。她是世界上最著名的研究野生黑猩猩的专家。Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. Why is “just-me-ism” a problem? (Critical Thinking 批判性思维)Because “Just-me-ism” often shows self-cen
15、tre, imposing ones own opinion on others, which can lead to failure in interpersonal communication. 2. What contribution does Roots & Shoots make to society? (Critical Thinking 批判性思维)It helps to change the world and make it a better place to live in. 3. What is your explanation for the two quotes fr
16、om Dr. Jane Goodall? (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)Its an exciting way to get people to work together to change the world through Roots & Shoots. 要点精研探究学习1. bother vt. 打扰; 烦扰; 麻烦; 花费时间、精力(做某事) n. 麻烦; 困难*Emails are better for those business colleagues who dont want to be bothered with small talk. 对于那些不想被闲
17、聊烦扰的公司同事, 电子邮件要更好一些。*(2020江苏高考)The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me. 我们知道什么和不知道什么这个问题一直困扰着我。*He didnt even bother to let me know he was coming. 他甚至都没通知我他要来。 *I dont want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。*It bothers me to think of her alone in
18、 that big house. 想到她孤零零地待在那所大房子里, 我便坐立不安。*Dont bother. Ill ask Vicky to check it when she leaves. 不用麻烦了, 等薇姬离开的时候, 我会让她检查一下。bother to do/doing sth. 费心做某事bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人It bothers sb. that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是have bother (in) doing sth. 做某事费力bother作“麻烦; 困难”讲时, 是不可数名词; 作“令人烦恼的事物; 讨
19、厌的人”讲时, 是可数名词。(1)语法填空。It bothers (bother) Tom that he cant find a job that he really likes. Dont bother to look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will turn up some day. Im sorry I have bothered you with so many questions. (2)一句多译。你找这所房子找得费力吗? Did you have much bother (in) finding the house? (bo
20、ther)Did you have trouble/difficulty (in) finding the house? (trouble/difficulty)2. take action采取行动*We need more time to see how things develop before we take action. 我们采取行动之前需要更多的时间来观察情况的发展。*Its time we got rid of these bad habits and took action to protect the environment. 我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且采取行动保护环境了。
21、*Jon will be out of action for weeks with a broken leg. 乔恩断了一条腿, 将有几个星期不能工作。in action 在运转; 在活动中out of action 失去作用, 不能工作put/call/bring sth. into action 使行动起来; 使生效; 使开始工作take action to do sth. = take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事 Think twice before you take action. 三思而后行。(1)I want to see the new s
22、ystem in action. 我想去看看正在运行的新系统。(2)The new plan for traffic control is being put into action on an experiment basis. 新的交通管理方案正在试行。3. firm adj. 坚实的; 牢固的n. 商行; 公司*The firms employees were expecting large bonuses. 这家公司的雇员们正期待着大笔的奖金。*Fresh fruit should be firm and in excellent condition. 新鲜水果应该硬实且完好无损。*A
23、lways hold firm to your beliefs. 永远坚守你的信念。*It is now firmly established as one of the leading brands in the country. 现在它已稳稳地确立为国内主要品牌之一。(1)hold firm (to sth. )坚信; 坚持(2)firmly adv. 坚定地(1)语法填空。I hold firm to the idea that efforts eventually pay off. I myself will firmly(firm)carry out this plan. (2)He
24、 grasped her firmly by the arm. 他紧紧地抓住了她的胳膊。(3)We have no firm evidence to support the case. 我们没有确凿的证据支持这个论点。4. foundation n. 基础; 地基*The builders are now beginning to lay the foundations of the new school. 建筑工人正开始给新校舍打地基。*Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。 *H
25、e was one of the founders of the universitys medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建者之一。(1)foundv. 创建; 建立found sth. on/upon sth. 把建立在上(2)founder n. 创建者; 创办者; 发起人found的过去式和过去分词都是founded; find的过去式和过去分词为found。(1)语法填空。The shop is still run by the founder (found)and his two sons. The school has served the community
26、 since its foundation(found) in 1835. (2)They founded a primary school in a rural area. 他们在农村创办了一所小学。(3)His theory is founded on facts. 他的理论建立在事实的基础上。5. involve vt. 包含; 涉及; 参与; 需要*(2019江苏高考)There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.
27、有很多机会让有创造力的人参与其中, 包括研讨会和活动。*Parents should involve themselves in their childrens education. 父母应当参与孩子的教育。*The government should try to involve as many citizens as possible in protecting the environment. 政府应该让尽可能多的市民参与到环境保护中来。*She disliked his involvement with the group and disliked his friends. 她讨厌他加
28、入那个团体, 也不喜欢他的那些朋友。(1)involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事; 使某人牵扯到某事中involve doing sth. 包括做某事; 需要做某事(2)involved adj. 有牵连的; 有关的; 参与的get/be involved in被卷入之中; 热衷于; 专心于be/get involved with sb. /sth. 与某人混在一起; 和某事有密切联系(3)involvement n. 参与; 加入; 插手involved adj. 作前置定语时, 意为“复杂的”; 作后置定语时, 意为“涉及的”。例如: an invol
29、ved sentence“一个复杂的句子”; the people involved“所涉及的人”。In ancient China, however, naming was very complicated and one person usually had several names, and names involved xing, shi, ming, and zi. 然而在中国古代, 起名非常复杂。 一个人可以有好几个名字, 包括姓、氏、名、字。(1)语法填空。Students should involve themselves in community activities wh
30、ere they can gain experience for growth. Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students. In a recent book, he advocated more government involvement (involve) in health care. When she was young, she did as many things as she could, like
31、 getting involved (involve) in sports teams and school clubs. (2)I dont want to get involved in office politics. 我不想卷入办公室政治。6. You know that all those things are wrong, but so what? 你知道那些都是错的, 但那又怎样? 【句式解构】本句so what 为省略句式, 补充完整为So what is it? 意为“那有什么了不起? /那又怎么样? ”, 指对事情表示不关心或生气地告诉某人事情与自己无关。*What if
32、they talked for a long time about a painting you werent interested in? 如果他们长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画怎么办? *Michael was late for Mr Smiths chemistry class this morning. How come? As far as I know, he never came late to class. 迈克尔今天上午在史密斯先生的化学课上迟到了。怎么会呢? 据我所知, 他上课从来不迟到的。*He is fifteen years younger than you! So w
33、hat? 他比你小十五岁呢! 那又怎么样? 英语中常见的省略句式有: What if. . . a. 意为“如果怎么样”, 用于提出建议, b. 意为“如果将会怎样”, 用于提问将会发生的事, 通常是令人不快或惊恐的事情。What for? 为什么? /某物有何用? How come意为“是怎么回事, 怎么会”, 可以单独出现在对话的语境中, 也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。What if we go and see a film tomorrow night? 明天晚上我们去看场电影, 你觉得怎么样? How come? We can stay at home and watc
34、h films online. Its convenient with our new and fast network. 怎么会呢? 我们可以待在家里, 在网上看电影。我们的新网络又快又方便。His father is very rich. So what? He wouldnt accept his help even if it were offered. 他父亲很富有。那又怎么样? 即使他提出帮助他, 他也不会接受。7. Thats what Roots & Shoots is all about: the value and importance of each individual
35、human, animal or plant. 这就是“根与芽”的全部意义: 重视每一个个体的价值和重要性, 不管是人、 动物还是植物。【句式解构】本句中what引导表语从句。what为连接代词, 在表语从句中充当介词about的宾语。*The millionaire has no friends around him because what he cares about most is only money. 那位百万富翁身边没有朋友, 因为他最在意的东西只是金钱。*China is no longer what she used to be. 中国不再是过去的那个样子了。*Will yo
36、u show me what you bought for your fathers birthday? 你能让我看一下你为你父亲的生日买的礼物吗? what常可用来引导名词性从句, 其在名词性从句中常可以理解为: 所的(事情等)。【知识延伸】 that和what 引导名词性从句相同点that与what都可引导名词性从句不同点在引导名词性从句时, that不在从句中作成分, 也无具体意思, 只起连接作用what在所引导的名词性从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语, 并保持原疑问词的意义或表示“的事情(东西等)”(1)语法填空。That we need more equipment is ver
37、y clear. What he needs is a cool drink. Our school is not what it used to be. The news came that our sports meet had been put off. (2)句型转换。He is no longer the person that he used to be. He is no longer what he used to be. 他已不是过去的他了。All that we need is your timely help. What we need is your timely he
38、lp. 我们所需要的就是你及时的帮助。拓视野观天下1. The National Institutes of Health said on Saturday that it halted a clinical trial of malaria drug hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 patients, saying it had no benefits. 周六, 美国国家卫生研究院表示, 已停止抗疟药物羟氯喹用于治疗新冠肺炎患者的临床试验, 称其没有任何疗效。2. Many Beijing residents go to great length t
39、o avoid breathing the citys smoggy air, especially when it reaches critical pollution levels, but one local firm decided that canning and selling this poor quality air as a souvenir would be a great idea. 许多北京居民竭尽全力避免呼吸城市的雾霾空气, 尤其是当空气污染达到临界水平时, 但当地一家公司决定将这种劣质空气装罐并作为纪念品出售是个好主意。3. She asked Professor
40、Miesenbock, the 2019 Warren Alpert Foundation Prize winner, what he considered were the best personal qualities for conducting scientific research. 她询问了2019年沃伦阿尔珀特基金奖得主米森伯克教授, 他认为进行科学研究的最佳个人品质是什么。4. In 2020, thousands of people online were involved in efforts to help an 8-year-old, cancer-stricken b
41、oy from the United States to realize his dream. 2020年, 成千上万的网友参与到帮助一名来自美国的身患癌症的8岁男孩实现梦想的活动中来。【要点拾遗】1. inspire v. 鼓舞, 鼓励; 使产生(感觉或情感); 赋予灵感, 激发想法; 启发; 启示*(2019天津高考)I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded. 我被那些优美的声音所鼓舞。*Our challenge is to motivate those voters and inspire them to
42、 join our cause. 我们的挑战是要激励那些投票者并鼓励他们加入我们的事业。*Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside. 两位诗人都是从乡村获得他们的灵感。(1)inspire sth. in sb. =inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生(某种感情)inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人去做某事(2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的(3)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的(4)inspiration n. 激励; 灵感【巧学助记】巧记 “inspire”I was i
43、nspired with your inspiring remarks, which brought me creative inspiration. 你鼓舞人心的话激励了我, 给我带来了创造性的灵感。(1)句型转换。What he said inspired us with confidence. What he said inspired confidence in us. What he said inspired us to be confident. (2)我们都被他鼓舞人心的演讲所激励。All of us were inspired by his inspiring speech.
44、 2. commit vt. 犯(罪, 错误); 承诺*Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from one point of view. 然而, 我们决不能犯只从一个角度来分析进展的错误。*I have committed myself to sitting on two committees. 我已承诺担任两个委员会的委员。*Most crimes are committed by young men. 大多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。*Borrowers should think ca
45、refully before committing themselves to taking out a loan. 借款人应当慎重考虑之后再行借贷。committed adj. 尽心尽力的commitment n. 承诺, 保证; (对工作或某活动)奉献, 献身commit suicide自杀commit a crime犯罪commit sb. to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证某人(做)某事be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事(1)语法填空。A violent crime was committed (commit) every 32 se
46、conds in this area of the city last year. (2)Its normal for children to commit mistakes (犯错误). (3)Her commitment to work (对工作的奉献) is beyond question. 3. set up建立, 创立 *(2019北京高考)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur, who in May 2015 set up her business Ailie Candy. 爱丽丝摩尔是一名十几岁的企业家, 她在2015年5月创办了自己的企业
47、Ailie Candy。*The city police set up roadblocks to check passing vehicles. 该市警察设置了路障来检查过往车辆。*The old man is setting down his memories of village life. 那位老人正在写下他对乡村生活的回忆。*When setting out on a long walk, always wear suitable boots. 出发进行长距离徒步时, 总是要穿上合适的靴子。*We need to set about finding a solution. 我们需要着
48、手寻找一个解决办法。*They set off at a steady pace. 他们以不紧不慢的速度出发了。【导图理词】Chinese people like to go to a large square where huge bells are set up on New Years Eve. 在除夕夜, 中国人喜欢去一个大广场, 那里有设置好的大钟。(1)用恰当的副词填空。Ralph W. Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him. In much of the animal world, night i
49、s the time set aside for sleep pure and simple. The school has set up a special class to help those poor learners. Hearing the news, they immediately set out for the railway station. I set off for the company earlier in order to avoid the heavy traffic. (2)一句多译。老师解释结束之后他开始着手记笔记。He set about setting
50、down the note after the teacher finished explaining. He set out to set down the note after the teacher finished explaining. 4. pick up 拾起, 捡起; 收拾, 整理; (偶然)学会; 用车接某人; 收听到; 身体好转; 取回*(2019北京高考)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont
51、 know. 机器人电话的问题已经变得如此严重, 以至于许多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道号码的电话。*(2018北京高考)Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. 他们不再走几个街区去接孩子或取回干洗衣物, 而是派出自动驾驶的面包车。*(2017全国卷)Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a won
52、derful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. 当你在这里挑选一个精彩的科学活动或纪念品来纪念你的访问时, 别忘了去太平洋科学中心的商店。*If you love helping the environment, plant trees or pick up litter. 如果你喜欢保护环境, 你可以种树或捡垃圾。*Bullies pick on younger children. 恃强凌弱的家伙欺负更年幼的孩子。*I have been picked out to represent the whole team. 我
53、被挑选出来代表全队。【导图理词】(1)He picked the newspaper up from the floor and passed it to his father. 他从地板上捡起报纸, 递给他父亲。(2)Mother took Mary to the library to pick out one book she likes best. 妈妈带玛丽去图书馆挑选了一本她最喜欢的书。语法精讲优化学习Verb-ing和Verb-ed 形式观察上面对话, 并完成句子: 1. Hearing the good news, we all jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息,
54、 我们都高兴得跳起来了。2. The story had a satisfying ending, which made us very satisfied. 这个故事有一个令人满意的结局, 这使我们非常满意。3. The broken clock should be repaired. 这个坏了的钟应该修理一下。verb-ing和verb-ed 形式在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语, 其具体用法如下: 1. 作表语(1)verb-ed 作表语表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态; 而verb-ing作表语多表示事物具有的特性。(2)充当表语的词语(过去分词)通常加在系动词后面。常见系动词
55、: be动词: is/am/are/was/were一“好像”: seem二“保持”: keep, remain三“变化”: become, get, turn五“感官”: look, sound, taste, feel, smell*The news is encouraging. 这个消息令人鼓舞。*Look at the excited boy. 看那个兴奋的男孩。*The story is terrifying. 这个故事很可怕。*He seemed quite delighted at the news. 他听到这个消息似乎很高兴。2. 作定语verb-ing作定语表示主动, 进行
56、; verb-ed作定语, 表示被动, 完成。(1)单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前; 过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后, 名词与现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. =Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 有些过去分词表示特定含义, 单独作定语也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如: left(剩余的), given(所给的), concer
57、ned(有关的)等。另外, 单个过去分词作定语修饰代词时, 应该放在被修饰的词后面。*There is a little time left. Lets hurry up. 剩余时间不多了, 咱们快点吧。*I am fond of the food cooked by your mother. =I am fond of the food that is cooked by your mother. 我很喜欢你妈妈做的饭。(2)有些过去分词作定语既可前置也可后置, 意义不变。*All the broken windows have been repaired. =All the windows
58、 broken have been repaired. 所有坏了的窗户已经修理好了。3. 作状语动词-ing形式(现在分词)和动词-ed形式(过去分词)在句中作状语通常作原因、时间、伴随、条件、结果、让步状语等。主语与动词-ing形式(现在分词)在逻辑上存在主谓关系, 主语与动词-ed形式(过去分词)在逻辑上存在动宾关系。*Seeing the teacher, he ran into the classroom. 一看见老师, 他跑进了教室。*Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
59、 在一群学生的簇拥下, 那位老教师走进了教室。*Being League members, we should take the lead in everything. 作为共青团员, 凡事我们都应该起带头作用。*His parents died, leaving him a lot of money. 他的父母去世了, 留给他一大笔钱。*Caught in a heavy rain, he was wet to the skin. 由于遇上了大雨, 他浑身都湿透了。*Getting up late, he missed the early train. 由于起床晚了, 他没有赶上早班火车。*
60、Seen from space, our earth looks more beautiful. 从太空看, 我们的地球看起来更美。动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式的独立结构动词-ing 形式短语(现在分词短语)和动词-ed 形式短语(过去分词短语)作状语时, 其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致, 但有时它们可以有自己的独立主语, 这种结构被称为独立主格结构。当逻辑主语与其后的动词是主动关系时, 用动词-ing 形式; 当逻辑主语与其后的动词是被动关系时, 用动词-ed 形式。*Time permitting, we can complete the project. 如果时间允许, 我们就能
61、完成这个项目。(逻辑主语time与 permit 存在主动关系, 独立主格结构作条件状语)*All the work done, they decided to treat themselves to a movie. 所有的工作都做完了, 他们决定去看一场电影犒劳自己。(逻辑主语all the work与do之间存在被动关系, 句中独立主格结构作原因或时间状语)4. 作宾语补足语(1)宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用verb -ing。 宾语补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系, 即动词与宾语的关系, 表示被动, 用verb-ed。(2)可接verb-ing作宾语补足语的动词有
62、: 动词feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch等可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。例如: *I heard her singing in the next door. 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌。*I watched them playing volleyball on the playground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。动词get, have, keep, leave, send, set可接verb-ing作宾语的补足语。*The arrival of the police sent the
63、robbers running away quickly. 警察的到来使强盗们四处逃窜。*Dont have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让你的客人站在那里, 请他入座。现在分词用在“with +宾语+宾语补足语”这一结构中, 现在分词与宾语之间是主谓关系。*She fell asleep with the light still burning. 她睡着了, 灯还亮着。*A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 一个少了
64、两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了房子。(3)可接verb-ed分词作宾语的补足语的动词有: 表示感觉或心理状态的词, 如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, think, consider, find等。表示“致使”或者“保持某种状态”意义的动词, 如make, get, have, keep, leave等词。表示“希望”“请求”“命令”的词, 如 watch, wish, like, expect, order等。(1)语法填空。The computer center, opened (open)last year, is very popular among the st
65、udents in this school. The house built (build)100 years ago still stood there after the earthquake. Putting(put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry. Arriving(arrive) home, he found the door locked. While waiting(wait) at the dentists home, I read a short story. The teacher stood there, surroun
66、ded(surround) by many students. All the afternoon he worked with the door locked(lock). (2)The excited people finally cooled down. 激动的人们终于冷静下来。(3)Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨, 所以他全身湿透了。(4)Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan. 当他看到那些图片时, 就禁不住想起了在延
67、安的那些日子。(5)She ran up to me, with her hair flying in the wind. 她跑向我, 她的头发在风中飞舞。使用本单元所学v. -ing和v. -ed相关知识翻译下面语段9月份发表的一项研究表明, 有一种令人惊讶的方法可以让人们远离不健康的食物: 改变他们的记忆。加州大学欧文分校的科学家Elizabeth Loftus让志愿者回答一些关于他们性格和食物体验的问题。“一周后, ”Loftus说, “在给这些人喂食后, 我们让他们把答案输入到我们的智能电脑里, 电脑就会记录下他们的童年早期经历。”有一些账户包括一个关键的额外细节。研究者告知他们, 他
68、们曾经在吃过草莓冰激凌之后生过病, 并随后通过引导性问题将这一细节修改进人造记忆之中。那些给予错误记忆的人中有多达41%的人相信草莓冰激凌曾经让他们生病, 而且许多人说他们会避免吃它。A study published in September suggests there is a surprising way to get people to avoid unhealthy food: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volun
69、teers to answer some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later, ”Loftus says, “having fed the people, we told them to type their answers into our smart computer and it recorded their early childhood experiences. ” Some accounts included one key additional detail. Having
70、told them that they had got sick after eating strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions. Up to 41% of those given a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once made them sick, and many said theyd avoid eating it. 课时素养评价六Un
71、it 8Lesson 1. 单句语法填空1. With so many things bothering (bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical advice. 2. The government has taken action to protect(protect)the air from being polluted during the two years. 3. The reunited lovers held each others hand firmly(firm)and walked ahead together.
72、 4. He has made an important contribution to the companys success at the beginning of its foundation(found). 5. However, he didnt get the bricks(brick)for his house. 6. My teacher encouraged me to get involved (involve)in the discussion. 7. English majors would be asked to explore the roots (root)of
73、 language. 8. It flies burning 5gallons(gallon) of gas per hour in the air. 9. As far as Im concerned, these things are harmful (harm)for their health. 10. China is committed to building a community with a shared (share)future for humanity. . 选词填空take action, make it, in peace, make a difference, mi
74、llions of, pick up, think of, set up, all around the world, in addition to1. Instead, he decided to take action on his own. 2. Either you or your brother is to pick up Tom at the airport. 3. It consists of millions of pages of data. 4. What do you think of the meeting held yesterday? 5. A big superm
75、arket and more than twenty different shops have been set up here since last year. 6. There are many government flags flowing in the United States in addition to the national flag. 7. It is believed that the place will become a paradise if all people live in peace. 8. Travelers brought back wonderful
76、 photos from all around the world. 9. I couldnt shake the idea that Id make a difference in the life of a special little girl. 10. It is seen as character building and a chance to prove that they can make it on their own. . 完成句子1. They went off together and left me sitting there alone. 他们一起离开了, 让我独自
77、一人坐在那里。(leave sb. /sth. doing)2. “All right, Ive been reading it. So what? ”“Curiosity killed the cat. Thats what. ”“好吧, 我是一直在读这个, 那又怎么样? ”“不怎么样, 只是好奇心害死猫。”3. I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. 如果你能接受我的邀请, 我会非常感激。(if引导虚拟语气句)4. Its a very difficult examination; are you sure you
78、can make it? 这次考试很难, 你确定你能通过吗? (make it)5. What surprised me most was the way (that/in which) she spoke to her father. 最令我惊奇的是她对她父亲说话的方式。(what引导名词性从句). 完形填空(2020南昌高一检测)We have spent thousands of years fighting for our survival. Yet now we have 1 that our planet is under threat. Its time we woke up t
79、o the problems and started repairing the damage. One of the major problems is the destruction of the rainforests in South America. They are 2 to half the worlds species and to millions of people. Moreover, the rainforests 3 the air by taking in carbon dioxide and giving out oxygen. The trees are bei
80、ng cut down for paper or to make room for cattle farms. So birds and animals 4 their homes and die. This destruction is also bringing about changes in the climate, air pollution and flooding. If we 5 to burn and cut down the rainforests as we are doing now, the earth will 6 restore. Another big 7 is
81、 water pollution. Factories are polluting our rivers and lakes with dangerous chemicals. Tons of waste is poured into our seas. 8, sea life is in danger. 9 pollution is another important issue. The cars and factories in and around our cities are giving off 10 gases. In the past few years, more and m
82、ore people than ever before have breathing problems. If we dont do something now, our cities will become 11 to live in. 12, it is not too late to solve these problems. We have the time, the money and even the technology to prepare the way for a better, cleaner and 13 future. We can plant trees and b
83、uild parks for the species in danger. We can put pressure on those in power to 14. Together we can save our planet. All we need to do is open our eyes and act 15. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。人类为了生存在地球上奋斗了几千年, 但现在由于过度砍伐, 地球面临极大的危险, 人类必须采取积极的行动保护地球。1. A. discovered B. guessed C. predicted D. forgotten【解析】选A。句意: 我们
84、为了生存奋斗了几千年, 然而现在我们发现地球面临威胁。discovered发现; guessed猜测; predicted预测; forgotten忘记。根据下文内容可知, 虽然我们为了生存奋斗了几千年, 然而现在地球面临威胁。2. A. secret B. home C. hope D. belief【解析】选B。句意: 南美热带雨林是世界上一半物种和几百万人的家园。secret秘密; home家; hope希望; belief信念。根据下文So birds and animals _their homes可知, 这里表示物种的家园。3. A. need B. heat C. clean D
85、. produce【解析】选C。句意: 而且, 热带雨林通过吸收二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。 need需要; heat把加热; clean清洁; produce生产。根据常识可知, 树木是通过吸收二氧化碳放出氧气来清洁空气。4. A. find B. visit C. lose D. leave【解析】选C。句意: 所以鸟儿和动物们失去家园而死亡。find发现; visit参观; lose失去; leave离开。树木被砍伐, 鸟儿和动物失去家园而死亡。5. A. fail B. start C. stop D. continue【解析】选D。句意: 如果我们继续像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林,
86、地球将再也不会恢复原样。 fail失败; start开始; stop停止; continue继续。根据下一句the earth will _restore. 表示假设继续破坏热带雨林, 地球将不再恢复如初。6. A. still B. never C. always D. almost【解析】选B。句意: 如果我们继续像现在这样燃烧和砍伐热带雨林, 地球将再也不会恢复原样。 still仍然; never从不; always总是; almost几乎。破坏后, 再也无法还原。7. A. choice B. problem C. goal D. view【解析】选B。句意: 另一个大问题是水污染。
87、choice选择; problem问题; goal目标; view看法。根据上一段第一句One of the major problems is the destruction of the rainforests in South America. 可知, 这一段要讲另一个问题。8. A. For exampleB. As usualC. On the wholeD. As a result【解析】选D。句意: 成吨的废物被排放到海里, 结果造成海洋生物处于危险中。for example例如; as usual像平常一样; on the whole总的来说; as a result结果。成吨
88、的废物被排放到海里造成海洋生物处于危险中。9. A. AirB. NoiseC. LightD. Soil【解析】选A。句意: 空气污染是另一个重要的问题。 air空气; noise噪音; light光; soil土壤。根据下一句汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体可知, 这段讲述空气污染。10. A. pleasantB. unknownC. uselessD. harmful【解析】选D。句意: 城市里和周围的汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体。 pleasant愉悦的; unknown未知的; useless无用的; harmful有害的。根据下文more and more people than eve
89、r before have breathing problems. 可知, 更多人有呼吸问题, 说明汽车和工厂排放的是有害气体。11. A. impossibleB. illegalC. crowdedD. healthy【解析】选A。句意: 如果我们不做些什么, 我们的城市将不能居住。 impossible不可能的; illegal非法的; crowded拥挤的; healthy健康的。污染严重而不采取措施, 城市将不适合人们居住。12. A. SurprisinglyB. FortunatelyC. InterestinglyD. Strangely【解析】选B。句意: 幸运的是, 现在解
90、决这些问题还不晚。 Surprisingly惊讶地; Fortunately幸运地; Interestingly有趣地; Strangely奇怪地。根据下一句it is not too late to solve these problems. 可知, 还有挽回的余地, 这是幸运的事。13. A. bigger B. saferC. longerD. simpler【解析】选B。句意: 我们有时间、金钱甚至科技为更好、更清洁、更安全的未来扫除障碍。bigger更大的; safer更安全的; longer更长的; simpler更简单的。与a better, cleaner并列的形容词结合水污染
91、和空气污染造成的危害, 说明应使地球变得更安全。14. A. take careB. take turnsC. take risksD. take action【解析】选D。句意: 我们可以给当权者施加压力让他们采取行动。 take care照顾; take turns轮流; take risks冒险; take action行动。根据下文Together we can save our planet. 可知, 我们一起采取行动。15. A. immediatelyB. patientlyC. politelyD. slowly【解析】选A。句意: 我们所需要做的是睁开双眼立刻行动。 imme
92、diately马上; patiently耐心地; politely礼貌地; slowly缓慢地。问题亟待解决当然倡导人类马上行动起来, 刻不容缓。. 阅读填句 (2020福州高一检测)What will recycling look like in 10 years? As businesses rush to become greener, this is what recycling may look like a decade from now. To begin with, more goods will be made of existing materials. The incre
93、ase in the reuse of existing materials, including recycled plastics, glass and more will reduce the demand for raw materials (原材料). Youll find more clothing, toys, park benches, etc. made of recycled water bottles. 1. Thus all resources will be kept in circulation (流通) with no end. Reusable products
94、 will become more popular. Not only will companies take up the duty to reduce waste. 2. Take single-use straws (吸管) for example. Theyve been banned everywhere because they are so bad for the environment and wildlife. Furthermore, beginning in 2021 the European Union will ban single-use plastics. 3;
95、we also need to change consumers habits by changing the way they think about single-use plastics. Chemical recycling may become common. Though the field is still in its early stages, the process of chemical recycling may increase in the coming years. 4. “This is all just a huge expensive business, ”
96、 Denise Patel said, adding that reducing the overall use of plastic is a better solution. 5. Currently, thin plastic isnt often recycled. As its so lightweight, it can jam recycling machinery; but throwing it out isnt ideal either. After all, it takes about 450 years to break down. You can return it
97、 to a store that collects them, or use a service that picks up hard-to-recycle items from your home for a fee. A. We cannot rely only on recyclingB. New plastic is cheaper than recycled plasticC. In the future, thin plastics will be recycled more readilyD. However, chemical recycling is not without
98、disagreementE. This creates an economy where no resource will be wastedF. Individuals (个人) will also be expected to use more reusable productsG. The campaign puts the focus on individuals to clean up their plastic mess【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍未来废品回收利用的情况。1. 【解析】选E。设空句下文Thus all resources will be kept in cir
99、culation with no end. (因此所有资源都会得到循环使用, 没有结束), 这句是对选项E“这创造了一个经济, 在这个经济体系中不会浪费任何资源”的解释说明。词汇复现: resource, 只有选项E符合语境。2. 【解析】选F。设空句所在段落的主题句Reusable products will become more popular. (将来, 循环使用会变得更加流行), 结合设空句前句“Not only will companies take up the duty to reduce waste. ”(不仅公司要承担起减少浪费的责任。)可推断, 下文会谈个人, 选项F中
100、Individuals个人, 符合逻辑。3. 【解析】选A。设空句下句“we also need to change consumers habits by changing the way they think about single-use plastics. ”可知, 我们也需要改变消费者的习惯, 句中的“also”, 提示设空句要有词汇与此呼应, 选项A中only呼应, 构成完整的信息链。4. 【解析】选D。设空句下句“This is all just a huge expensive business, ”( 这一切都花费巨大)可知, 这是对回收利用废品的一种批评意见, 选项D中的disagreement不同, 分歧, 上下句相呼应, 构成完整的信息链。5. 【解析】选C。根据下文“Currently, thin plastic isnt often recycled. ”(目前, 薄塑料不经常被回收。)是关于在未来人们如何回收超薄的塑料, 选项C中的thin plastics, 与段落主题词吻合, 与该段落介绍内容一致。