1、2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（十七）2020全国二卷（B篇）Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found
2、children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recor
3、dings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assesse
4、d their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
5、frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published i
6、n the journal Developmental Science.词块梳理1：puzzlevt. 使困惑；使为难；苦思而得出vi. 迷惑；冥思苦想n. 谜；难题；迷惑时 态: puzzled, puzzling, puzzles 名 词: puzzler近义词：n. problem, plaything, toyv. confuse, throw, fox, befuddle, fuddle, bedevil, confound词组 | 习惯用语jigsaw puzzle n. 七巧板；智力拼图玩具crossword puzzle 纵横字谜游戏puzzle out 苦苦思索而弄清楚Chi
7、nese puzzle 中国智力玩具（如七巧板、九连环等）；复杂难懂的事物puzzle over 努力思考；为烦恼；苦苦思考2：skilln. 技能，技巧；本领，技术近义词：n. ability, power词组 | 习惯用语communication skill 沟通技巧；传播技能skill in 技能；对熟练skill training 技能训练；技巧训练professional skill 专业技能basic skill 基本技能；基本功writing skill 写作技巧；书写技能；笔头language skill 语言技能，语言能力；语言技巧technical skill 工艺技术；
8、专门技术skill set 技能组合leadership skill 领导技巧；领导技能；领导艺术interpersonal skill 人际关系技巧，人际交往能力skill at 技巧熟练negotiation skill 谈判技巧unique skill 绝招；绝技presentation skill n. 演讲技巧；表达技巧practical skill 实际技能medical skill 医术skill development n. 技能发展motor skill 动作技能social skill 社会技能；社交能力；社交技能3：significantadj. 重要的, 重大的, 可观
9、的；有意义的, 有用意的；意味深长的副 词: significantly近义词：adj. momentous, epochal, epoch-making, earthshaking, world-shaking, world-shattering, evidential反义词：n. insignificant, unimportant, inconsiderable, nonsignificant, meaningless, nonmeaningful词组 | 习惯用语significant difference 显著性差异significant change 显著变化；有效变化量stati
10、stically significant 统计上显著的significant amount 大量；有实义金额；巨数significant development 重大进展；长足发展significant other 重要他人significant level 显著水准；检验水准；有效水平statistically significant difference 统计上的显著差异significant event 有意义事件4： controlvt. 控制, 抑制, 支配，管理, 操纵n. 控制, 支配, 管理，管理手段时 态: controlled, controlling, controls
11、名 词: controllability形容词: controllable近义词：n. power, powerfulness, relation, bodily process, body process, bodily function, activityv. restrain, suppress, keep, keep back, hold back, manipulate, interact解析：control: 含义广泛的常用词，指对人或物施以约束或控制的力量。direct: 侧重行使领导或指导权。govern: 侧重指运用任何控制的权力来统治或管理一个国家、一个社会或一个部门，暗含
12、能力和知识的运用。manage: 强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。rule: 强调用绝对或独裁的权力来管理或统治。supervise: 侧重指运用本身的或被授予的权力来管理、检查工作，含监督意味。administer: 指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。5：differencen. 差异；不同；争执时 态: differenced, differencing, differences 近义词：n. quality, variation, fluctuation, disagreement, change, number反义词：n. sameness解析：difference:
13、 普通用词，可指事物本质上的差异或数量上的差额，也可指事物在某一方面的差别，还可指人们之间的不同意见。 distinction: 较正式用词，除指事物在本质上的差别外，还指在某一方面或某一细节上的区分，要在认真观察、研究后才易觉察。discrepancy: 多用于言论和记述方面，指两物之间缺乏使之相似或平衡的协调。discrimination: 侧重指在判断、见识方面的差别，也可指待遇上的区别。词组 | 习惯用语difference in 在方面的差别significant difference 显著性差异finite difference 有限差temperature difference
14、温差，温度差difference method 差分法；差动法；差别法make a difference 有影响，有关系finite difference method 有限差分法pressure difference 压力差；差压；压力补偿器；气压梯度difference from 与不同time difference n. 时差color difference 色差，色彩差异phase difference 相位差cultural difference 文化差异price difference 价格差别make the difference 有影响，很重要；产生差别potential di
15、fference n. 势差，位差essential difference 本质区别difference equation 计差分方程，差分方程式make a big difference 产生很大的不同；意义重大；有很大影响difference in temperature 温差6：analyzevt. 分析, 分解, 解释近义词：v. treat, care for词组 | 习惯用语您要查找的是不是：analyses n. 分析；分解；解析；梗概（analysis的复数形式）analyst n. 分析者；精神分析医师；分解者analyze vt. 对进行分析，分解（等于analyse）an
16、alysis n. 分析；分解；验定analysand n. 接受精神分析的人analyse mechanics 分析力学regression analyse 回归分析7： assessvt. 评定；估价；对征税时 态: assessed, assessing, assesses 形容词: assessable近义词：v. evaluate, pass judgment, judge, charge, bill, determine, set解析：estimate: 通常指由个人作出的主观估价。appraise: 指以专家身份作了最终精确的估价。assess: 原义指对为确定交多少税而估计，引
17、申指通过估价以便更好利用。evaluate: 与appraise相似，指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。value: 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。rate: 专指评定价值等级的高低。词组 | 习惯用语assessed v. 对进行评估（assess过去时形式）assessing v. 评价，评估（assess的ing形式）assessment n. 评定；估价assessable adj. 可估价的；可评价的；可征收的；可征税的quantitative assessment 定量评定（评价）assessment criteria 评估准则
18、；评价准则assessment overview 测试概述assessing officer 审批人员life assessment 寿命评定assessed cost 评估成本；会计 摊派费用8：ability n. 能力，能耐；才能词组习惯用语abilities n. 能力，才能（ability的复数形式）writing ability 写作能力；书写能力interchange ability 可互换性；可交替性accelerating ability 加速性能; 加速能力;present ability 现场行为能力speaking ability 口语能力artistic abilit
19、y 艺术能力proven ability 证据能力cognitive ability 认知能力executive ability 执行力；行政能力9：statementn. 声明, 陈述，结算单, 报表近义词：n. message, content, subject matter, substance, evidence, theme, melodic theme词组 | 习惯用语financial statement 财务报表，财政报告；财政决算income statement 会计损益表joint statement 联合声明bank statement 银行结单mission state
20、ment 宗旨written statement 书面声明；文告accounting statement 会计报表make a statement 陈述；作供false statement 假语句；假命题；不实报表；虚假声明cash flow statement 现金流转表，现金流量表official statement 正式声明statement analysis 财务报表分析；决算表分析impact statement 影响报表；影响的报告personal statement 个人陈述an official statement 官方声明；正式声明privacy statement 隐私权声
21、明policy statement 政策声明environmental impact statement 环境影响评介；环境预断评介10：income n. 收入，收益；所得近义词：n. financial gain反义词：n. outgo, expenditure, outlay解析：earnings: 多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。allowance: 指收入中的补贴部分。income: 与earnings含义很相近，但前者强调总收入。salary: 指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。wage: 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资
22、。pay: 是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.fee: 指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。11：complexadj. 复杂的；合成的n. 复合体；综合设施近义词：n. whole, compound, chemical compound, feeling, structure, constructionadj. analyzable, decomposable, Byzantine, convoluted, involved, knotty, tangled反义词：n. simple解析：complex: 侧重内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated: 与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated: 侧重指事物发展到或达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂。intricate: 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑理解。