1、名词专题训练对应学生用书P013.单句语法填空1(2017全国卷)This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side _ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease. 解析根据空格前的修饰语定答案。分析语境可知，作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。答案effects2But without
2、 sunlight and good soil，soon the leaves began to fall down and the _ (branch) began to dry.解析由空前的the可知，此处应用名词形式，且根据常识可知，树上不止一根树枝，而branch是可数名词，故填branches。答案branches3“Alaya，you dont have to do this if you dont want to. Nobody is forcing you.” Though I said I wasnt going to do it，my _(foot) carried me
3、toward the pool.解析foot是可数名词，且其前没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。答案feet4The little boy ate so many _ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.解析potato前有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。答案potatoes5The blood on his shoes and the fingerprint on the scene were _ (proof) of his guilt.解析句意为：他鞋上的血迹和现场的指纹是他犯罪的证据。根据句意，再结合空格前的系动词were，
4、根据主谓一致原则，确定用复数形式。答案proofs6DeLome supervised the project from the _(begin) to the end. He says the specialized requirements of robot were demanding.解析句意为：德洛姆从头至尾监督了这项工程。设空前为定冠词the，因此应用名词，根据句意应填beginning。from the beginning to the end意为“从开始到结束”。答案beginning7“The most efficient way is to decrease the loc
5、al population to reduce the_ (possible) of causing harm to the heritage，” Wang said.解析前有定冠词the修饰，所以用名词形式。答案possibility8The book gives a detailed _ (explain) of the origin, the processing skills and the classification of tea.解析根据空格前的不定冠词a以及形容词detailed可知，空格处被不定冠词和形容词修饰，故用explain的名词形式。答案explanation9Buc
6、kingham Palace is a great tourist _ (attract)，drawing millions of visitors every year.解析 句意为：白金汉宫是一个著名的旅游景点，每年都吸引上百万游客前去参观。tourist attraction“旅游景点”，是固定短语。答案attraction10There are many students living at school; the _(child) houses are all far from school.解析由students可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式
7、，故答案为childrens。答案childrens.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1Mom has a fulltime job, but she has to do most of the houseworks._解析housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故将houseworks改为housework。答案houseworkshousework2When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years later._解析根据语境可知，此处表示当“我”还是一个
8、非常小的孩子时。由主语I及冠词a都能看出，表语的中心词应用单数名词child。a regular practice“经常性的练习”。答案childrenchild3Although the bed was broken into piece，the man was surprisingly unhurt._解析 固定搭配break sth. into pieces意为“把某物打破成碎片”，故用名词复数形式。答案piecepieces4I liked the airs there because it was fresh and clean._解析 air在此处表示“空气”，是不可数名词，没有复
9、数形式。答案airsair5Considering my case，my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math._解析approach作“方法”讲时，是可数名词；由前面的several可知，应用复数形式。答案approachapproaches6(2018全国卷)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of
10、 chicken._解析dozens of后面应用chicken的复数形式。答案chickenchickens7Recently，a famous basketball player has caused public angry by writing on the Great Wall._解析形容词public修饰名词，故其后应用名词形式。答案angryanger8However，as for William and Kate，the decide to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a cl
11、ass issue._解析前有定冠词the修饰，应用名词形式。答案decidedecision9He has finished a day work._解析此处作定语，表示时间的长短，应用名词的所有格。答案daydays10He sent his daughter to a girls high school._解析“女子高中”是a girls high school。答案girlsgirls.语法填空A young man in Wuhan，Hubei Province has become the latest Internet sensation after a video showin
12、g his heartwarming act on a subway train went viral on social 1._ (medium) recently.In the video，the man can be seen holding his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro，with a message in large font(大字体) on the screen which reads，“Please wake me if you need my seat.”The video was rec
13、orded by a fellow passenger who posted it on Weibo. The video, whose 2._ (long) was just seven seconds，has been viewed more than 19 million 3._ (time) in just two days. Chinese netizens were greatly touched by the young 4._(man) act and greeted him with a storm of 5._ (applaud) for his kind 6._ (beh
14、ave). A web 7._ (use) even commented，“I only needed seven 8._ (second) to fall in 9._ with this young man.”The humble man refused an interview 10._ (invite) after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should. In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for their love and prais
15、e. He said he would always fall asleep when he had nothing to do on the train but worried others may need the seat，so he got the idea of making a message on his phone screen.1_2._3._4_5._6._7_8._9._10_答案与解析【语篇解读】文章介绍了一段感人的视频。武汉的一位年轻男子在坐地铁的时候，在睡着后，手里拿个手机，手机屏幕上写着：如果你需要座位叫醒我。视频在社交媒体上迅速走红。1media考查名词的单复数
16、。泛指各种媒体，用复数形式。2length考查词性转换。前有作定语的关系代词whose修饰，表示video的长度，用名词形式。3times考查名词的单复数。time在这里为可数名词，意为“次数”。前有19 million修饰，故用复数形式。4mans考查名词的所有格。作定语修饰act，用所有格。句意：中国的网民被这位小伙子的行为深深地打动，并对他的这个善举报以热烈的掌声。5applause考查词性转换。空格所填词和前面的of一起构成of所有格形式，修饰前面的名词storm作定语。所以用名词形式。6behavio(u)r考查词性转换。前有“his kind(他善良的)”作定语修饰，指他善良的行为
17、，故填名词形式。7user考查词性转换。由语境和句子结构可知，该空作主语，意为“用户”。句意为：一位微博用户甚至评论道：我只要七秒就爱上了这个年轻人。8seconds考查名词的单复数。second在此用作名词，意为“秒”，是可数名词，前有数词seven修饰，用复数形式。9love考查固定搭配。fall in love with为固定搭配，意为“喜欢上；爱上”。10invitation考查词性转换。这里指的是采访邀请，用名词形式，前有an修饰，用单数形式。.短文改错Nowadays many people pay a visit beautiful mountains and rivers. T
18、hey enjoy themselves during their holiday. And some places of interest has been polluted. I saw some bad phenomena while I was travelling this year. Many beautiful spots were covered with rubbish leave by tourists, of who some were well dressed. Some tourists who drove expensive cars throw waste out
19、 of his cars. These phenomena burden cleaners. Even child know we should protect the environment. Unfortunate, some adults dont know it. Each of us should love the nature and protect the environment in which we live.答案与解析 Nowadays many people pay a visit beautiful mountains and rivers. They enjoy th
20、emselves during their holiday. some places of interest been polluted. I saw some bad phenomena while I was travelling this year. Many beautiful spots were covered with rubbish by tourists, of some were well dressed. Some tourists who drove expensive cars waste out of cars. These phenomena burden cle
21、aners. Even know we should protect the environment. ， some adults dont know it. Each of us should love nature and protect the environment in which we live.考查动词短语。pay a visit to“拜访；参观”。考查连词。“他们在假期玩得开心”与“有些景点被污染”是转折而非并列关系，故用连词But。考查主谓一致。该句主语是some places of interest，谓语动词应用复数形式，故has改为have。考查非谓语动词。leave与
22、rubbish是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是非限制性定语从句，从句先行词是tourists，指“人”，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故用whom引导定语从句。who不可用于介词之后作宾语。考查动词的时态。who引导的定语从句中谓语是一般过去时，且前一句谓语也是一般过去时，故该句主句谓语用一般过去时，故throw改为threw。throw(扔)threwthrownthrowing。考查代词。根据该句中的some tourists可知，该处指“他们的车”，故用代词their与some tourists呼应。考查名词的单复数。根据该句谓语动词know可知，该句主语应用复数名词，故child改为children。考查副词。在句中作状语，修饰全句应用副词。考查冠词。nature表“自然”时，其前不加冠词。牢记：in space“在太空中”。
