1、单元素养培优(四) Unit 4. 单词拼写1. My brother subscribes(订阅)to China Daily every year, because he likes reading it. 2. The students ages in our school range from 15 to 19. But the average (平均)age is 17. 3. She felt quite refreshed (神清气爽的)after a cup of coffee, and then she kept on working. 4. Even though you
2、are not for my plan, youd better not oppose (反对)it in public. 5. He consumed (消耗)a lot of time to practise improving his comprehension. 6. Although the wind has died down, the rain remains steady(平稳的), so you still need a raincoat. 7. The report advocated (主张)that all buildings should be fitted with
3、 smoke detectors. 8. His random (漫不经心的)manner annoyed his girlfriend. 9. Scientists are in disagreement(分歧) about the significance of the data. 10. In no circumstances (情况)can you leave your position. In other words, you must stick to your position. . 选词填空quantities of, result in, subscribe to, be o
4、pposed to, go up, on the whole, on behalf of, make a difference, put up with, make contributions to 1. He subscribed to our plan to arrange an activity to strengthen the relationship between the two companies. 2. Once her blood pressure goes up, she will feel breathless. 3. He came up with a plan, a
5、nd no one was opposed to it. 4. Some marathoners have died from drinking large quantities of water very quickly. 5. Millennials tend to, on the whole, hunt for jobs with a greater purpose. 6. He expressed deep gratitude again on behalf of his family. 7. I volunteer because I want to not just see the
6、 world, but make a difference to it. 8. Ill have to put up with the noise till I move next week. 9. China will continue to make contributions to the development of the international community. 10. When you do something with faith, it will result in success. . 完成句子1. There is no doubt that one day a
7、cure for cancer will be found. 毫无疑问, 总有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。2. The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports even if they have the interest. 工程师们很忙, 即使他们有兴趣, 也没有时间进行户外运动。3. When I watch NBA, I tend to pay attention to the famous players. 当我看NBA的时候, 我倾向于关注著名的球员。4. He is a good student o
8、n the whole and scores above the average in most subjects. 总的来说, 他是个好学生, 大多数科目的分数都高于平均水平。5. You wont find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it. 只要你坚持练习, 你就会发现剪纸并不难。6. In no circumstances will I subscribe to your unreasonable request. 我决不会同意你的无理要求。7. Those who have made great con
9、tributions to human beings and society will never be forgotten. 那些为人类和社会做出巨大贡献的人将永远不会被忘记。8. It was professor Li who wanted to try out the new teaching method. 是李教授想要试验这种新的教学方法。9. It was not until he retired that he owned his own house. 直到退休他才拥有了自己的房子。10. If the steps you take are working, keep it up
10、. If not, take another look at other methods you could try. 如果你采取的措施奏效了, 那就坚持下去。如果没有, 再看看其他你可以尝试的方法。. 阅读理解 ASince the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didnt know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem w
11、ith it, ” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA. But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The underst
12、anding has increased many, many times, ” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day. According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10. 3 million tons a year to 5. 5 tons. The number of cities producing CO bey
13、ond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices. Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; to
14、day in 1995 there are about 6, 600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, its hard to find a public school, university, or law school th
15、at does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” say Bruce Anderson. 【文章大意】在文章中作者介绍了自从1970年第一个地球日成立以来, 美国的环境问题有了很大的改善。以前在公共事务中无足轻重的环境问题现在成了一项社会问题, 从科学家到大学教授再到平民百姓都有了环保意识。而且作者指出教育在这种变化方面也起着非常重要的作用。1. According to Bruce Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little
16、 idea about. A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据文章首段Bruce Anderson说的话“We didnt know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it, ”可知当时人们不知道环境这个概念, 更别说环境问题了, 由此可知答案选C。2. Where d
17、oes the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A. The grass-roots level. B. The business circle. C. Government officials. D. University professors. 【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are t
18、aking part in the movement. 可知商人, 政界领导, 大学教授, 尤其是平民百姓们都参与了保护环境的运动, 由此判断保护环境的支持主要来自草根阶层。3. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest. B. They have settled their environmental problems. C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. D
19、. They have reduced pollution through effective measures. 【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs. . . and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution. 可知回收工作的改进, 先进产品或者住房设计的研制开发等都是有效地减少了污染, 改善了环境, 故答案选D。4. What is especially im
20、portant for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A. Education. B. Planning. C. Green living. D. CO reduction. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。文章末段提到目前几乎每所学校都有关于环境保护的课程, 而且通过最后Bruce Anderson说的话“Until we do that, nothing else will change! ”可知教育在改变人们保护环境的意识和改善环境问题方面至关重要。B(2021贵阳高二检测)Terribly hot weat
21、her. Pouring downpours. Scientists have long suspected that global warming can cause extreme weather events. Now experts have numbers to support that idea. The burning of fossil fuels has been leading to a build-up of carbon dioxide in the Earths atmosphere. This CO2 is a greenhouse gas. That means
22、it can trap heal in the air. As a result, our planets temperature has been rising. And this global warming will account for a growing share of ever more frequent extreme weather events. Many governments hope to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above temperatures that were typical before the
23、 Industrial Revolution. It will be hard for nations to achieve that. But even if they do, global warming still will be responsible for nearly all heat extremes. Global warming will also be to blame for about 2 out of every 5 extreme rains and snowfalls. “This is a considerable fraction (分数) of major
24、 weather events, ” says climate scientist Peter Stott. So far, the Earth has warmed about 0. 85 degree Celsius since 1750. Thats about when the Industrial Revolution got its start. Thats also when fossil fuel use took off, spewing (喷出) lots of CO2 into the air. “Overall, the new study shows that rel
25、atively small rises in the global temperature translate into large increases in the likelihood of extremes, ” Stott says. Erich Fischer and Reto Knutti analyzed 25 different computer models of global climate. These analyses looked at different climate periods, from preindustrial times to the present
26、. The analyses also predicted what weather events were likely to be like in the future. This period was predicted to be warmer by 2 and 3 degrees Celsius. The computer looked at when extreme heat and precipitation (降水量) occurred during each climate period. It focused on events of unusual heat or hea
27、vy precipitation. Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1, 000 days. “But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare. These new findings provide a global statement, ” Fischer says. “You can still get the big
28、gest heat that you have ever seen without any human changes. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了全球变暖形成的原因及其对极端天气的具体影响。5. The second paragraph is mainly about . A. what damage global warming causedB. how global warming came into beingC. where global warming is becoming seriousD. why fossil fuels have to be forbidde
29、n【解析】选B。段落大意题。根据第二段倒数第二句“As a result, our planets temperature has been rising. ”以及上文描述的全球变暖的过程, 可知这一段主要描写了全球变暖是如何形成的, 故选B。6. What Peter said in Para. 3 suggests that . A. it is reasonable for climate change to happenB. there is no serious effect of global warming nowC. the influence of global warmin
30、g is greatD. the extreme weather happens in small numbers【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is a considerable fraction of major weather events”可知, Peter认为这是一个相当大的数量, 说明了全球变暖的影响是巨大的。故选C。7. According to the passage, extreme weather . A. will happen more often than beforeB. happens once in every 1, 000 daysC. st
31、rikes every region without differencesD. becomes a rare phenomenon across the planet【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1, 000 days”和最后一段的第一句话“But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly
32、as rare”可知, 未来这种极端的天气会频繁发生。故选A。8. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Extreme weather becoming common now. B. The role of global warming in extreme weather. C. The Earth has suffered from extreme weather. D. Global warming makes the Earth hotter and hotter. 【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了全球变暖造成了更多极端天气的发生,
33、 因此B项符合题意。 . 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。All scientists subscribe 1. the view that it is human activity 2. has caused global warming. This activity is burning fossil fuels 3. (produce) energy. As 4. result, a natural phenomenon 5. (call) the “greenhouse effect” has appeared. Without this ph
34、enomenon, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius 6. (cool) than it is. So, we need those gases. However, the global temperature will rise when we add huge 7. (quantity) of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. We know that the levels of carbon dioxide 8. (increase) greatly over th
35、e last 100 to 150 years. The attitude of scientists towards this rise is 9. (complete) different. Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe while others are 10. (oppose) to this view, and they believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. 【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了
36、全球变暖的原因及科学家对全球变暖的不同态度。1. 【解析】to。考查介词。句意: 所有的科学家都同意这个观点, 即: 人类活动引发了全球变暖。表示“同意, 赞成”, 应用subscribe to。故填介词to。2. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知, 此处构成强调句型, 对主语 human activity 进行强调。强调句式的结构为: It is +被强调部分+that+其余部分。故填that。3. 【解析】to produce。考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知, 空处应用动词不定式作目的状语, 燃烧化石燃料的目的是产生能量。故填to produce。4. 【解析】a。考查冠
37、词。as a result“结果”, 为固定用法。故填a。5. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。 the “greenhouse effect”作定语, 修饰phenomenon, 且phenomenon与call之间是被动关系, 应用过去分词作定语, 故填called。6. 【解析】cooler。考查比较级。根据语境和空后的than可知此处是进行比较, 空处要用形容词的比较级, 故填cooler。7. 【解析】quantities。考查固定搭配。此处表示“大量的”, 应用quantities of, 为固定搭配。故填quantities。8. 【解析】have increased。考查
38、动词时态。根据空后的“over the last 100 to 150 years”可知, 这里应用现在完成时。且主语为the levels, 根据主谓一致原则, 该空应填have increased。9. 【解析】completely。考查副词。该空修饰形容词different, 应用副词, 故填completely。10. 【解析】opposed。 考查固定搭配。be opposed to. . . 表示“反对”, 为固定搭配。故填opposed。. 阅读填句The best time to try to fight global warming is now! Any action th
39、at reduces water and energy consumption and the build-up of harmful gases in our atmosphere, helps to minimize the effects of global warming. Simple ideas that you can easily put into practice are as follows. 1 Even though some areas experience rainfall, other areas are short of water. At home, simp
40、le actions like making sure you turn off the tap while brushing your teeth will make a difference to both the environment and your water bill! Turn off devices (设备) that are not in use. 2 Thus, you can easily develop the habit of leaving something on. Not only is this bad for the devices themselves,
41、 but also you end up wasting energy needlessly. Before smartphones and computers, there were games consuming no energy at all. 3 Surely, you will enjoy yourselves without worsening global warming. Walk or cycle as much as possible. Not only are these great ways to get some exercise, but they are the
42、 least polluting means of transport. For short distances, walking and cycling should really be your first choice. Nowadays, there are many shared bikes available. 4Use public transport or car pool (拼车). If you need to travel longer distances, public transport is greenest. 5 You could also try out ca
43、r pool. These are designed to save you money and fill up cars that would normally be driven empty on the roads. A. Treat water as something precious. B. Learn something about water waste. C. Electronic devices are around the house these days. D. That means you dont even have to own one to get around
44、. E. There are many devices that are good for the environment. F. You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys. G. Taking the bus or subway is better than getting in your car and driving. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。对抗全球变暖的最佳时机就是现在! 任何减少水和能源消耗以及有害气体在大气中积聚的行动都有助于将全球变暖的影响降到最低。文章介绍了可以很容易地付诸实践的方
45、法。1. 【解析】选A。根据下文提示“尽管一些地区有降雨, 其他地区仍缺水。”承接下文, A项 Treat water as something precious. “视水为珍宝。”切题。故选A。2. 【解析】选 C。根据上文提示“关掉不用的设备。”再根据下文提示“因此, 你很容易养成不关机的习惯。”承接上下文, C项Electronic devices are around the house these days. (现在家里到处都是电子设备。)切题。故选C。3. 【解析】选F。根据上文提示“在智能手机和电脑出现之前, 游戏是完全不消耗能量的。”再根据下文提示“当然, 在不加剧全球变暖的情
46、况下, 你们会玩得很开心。”承接上下文, F项You can try to find plenty of ideas for traditional games and toys. (你可以尝试为传统游戏和玩具寻找大量的创意。)切题。故选F。4. 【解析】选D。根据上文提示“现在, 有很多共享单车。”承接上文, D项That means you dont even have to own one to get around. (这意味着你甚至不必拥有一辆车。)切题。故选D。5. 【解析】选G。根据上文提示“如果你需要长途旅行, 公共交通是最环保的。”承接上文, G项Taking the bus
47、 or subway is better than getting in your car and driving. (坐公共汽车或地铁比开车好。)切题。故选G。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处, 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。Of all m
48、y teachers, Mr Smith is the one who impress me most. While he is in his 40s, he looks very young for his age. Compare with other teachers, he pays many attention to the way of teaching. He tries various way to make his classes lively and interested. In his opinion, we should not only know “what it i
49、s”, but to understand “why it is so”. He encourages us to think independently instead giving us the answer to a question immediate. Under his guidance, weve learned what to solve problems. He is so learned a person that we all admire her. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者描述了自己印象深刻的一位老师的情况。1. 【解析】第一句: impressimpresses
50、。句意: 在我所有的老师中, 史密斯先生是我印象最深刻的人。此处the one是先行词, 在后面的定语从句中作主语。2. 【解析】第三句: CompareCompared。句意: 与其他老师相比, 他很注重教学的方式。Compared to/with. . . 与相比较。3. 【解析】第三句: manymuch。attention(关注)是不可数名词, many修饰可数名词复数, much修饰不可数名词。4. 【解析】第四句: wayways。此处various(各种各样的)修饰可数名词复数。5. 【解析】第四句: interested interesting。句意: 他尝试各种方法使他的课生
51、动有趣。interesting有趣的, 修饰classes。6. 【解析】第五句: 去掉to。此处not only. . . but (also)连接并列的谓语动词。7. 【解析】第六句: instead后面加of。句意: 他鼓励我们独立思考, 而不是立即给我们一个问题的答案。instead of doing sth. 代替做某事。8. 【解析】第六句: immediateimmediately。句意: 他鼓励我们独立思考, 而不是立即给我们一个问题的答案。此处是副词修饰动词。9. 【解析】第七句: whathow。句意: 在他的指导下, 我们学会了如何解决问题。how“如何”。10. 【解析
52、】第八句: herhim。句意: 他是如此博学, 我们都钦佩他。结合主语He, 指代Mr Smith, 可知把her改成him。. 微写作运用本单元的词汇短语和句型根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文。1. 目前地球上可饮用的水越来越少。它是怎样发生的呢? (less and less; come about)2. 一方面, 在日常生活中, 有些人浪费很多水, 另一方面, 有些工厂把大量的污水排入河流。同时, 全球气候变暖导致某些地方雨水减少。(on the one hand; on the other hand; quantities of; meanwhile; result in)3. 毫无疑
53、问, 如果我们不想忍受干渴, 我们就必须保护和充分利用地球上的水资源。(There is no doubt that. . . ; put up with; water resources)_【参考范文】Nowadays the water on the earth which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. How has it come about? On the one hand, some people waste lots of water in their daily life. On the other hand, many factories pour quantities of polluted water into rivers. Meanwhile, global warming results in less rain in some places. There is no doubt that if we dont want to put up with thirst, we must protect and make the most of water resources on the earth.
