1、Unit 4Using Language. 单句语法填空1. It suddenly rained when the mayor was inspecting (inspect) our new school last week. 2. The boy was sent to a hospital because he was bitten (bite) by a dog. 3. His books never fail to attract the readers with those surprising endings (end). 4. A new law that protects
2、the disabled peoples right has been passed so that they can ride buses for free. 5. By working faithfully (faith) eight hours a day you may eventually get to be boss and work twelve hours a day. 6. All of a sudden, a mouse rushed out of the hole, disappearing (disappear) into the darkness. 7. Joe, d
3、ont give up now; youre improving all the time. It wont be long before you can speak English well. 8. According to the researchers, passive smokers are (being) harmed (harm) even more than the smokers themselves. 9. She could find no reasonable explanation for the disappearance (disappear) of the mon
4、ey in the locked safe. 10. He was becoming angry, and was staring fiercely (fierce) at me as if he was about to lose control. . 完成句子1. It was not long before the news was widely circulated. (before状语从句) 这个消息不久就广泛流传了。2. A fast food restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is p
5、erformed quickly. (as; suggest) 正如它的名字那样, 快餐店是一个吃饭很快的地方。3. I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply at your earliest convenience. (appreciate) 如果您能够尽早给我回信的话, 我将不胜感激。4. Society tends to look at a woman by the way (that/in which)she looks, whether that is appropriate or not. (定语从句)不管那么说是否合适,
6、 这个社会对女人总是倾向于以貌取人。5. It is a pity that many teenagers have turned their computers into electronic playgrounds. (pity) 很遗憾许多青少年已经把计算机变成了电子游乐场。将下列句子改为被动语态1. Our manager is showing the visitors around the company. The visitors are being shown around the company by our manager. 2. Are they searching for
7、 the lost boy? Is the lost boy being searched for by them? 3. The government is setting up a new wildlife protection park in this area. A new wildlife protection park is being set up in this area by the government. 4. They are discussing some problems about environment protection. Some problems abou
8、t environment protection are being discussed by them. 5. Nowadays most young people are reading stories written by Chi Li. Nowadays stories written by Chi Li are being read by most young people. . 阅读理解In the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than
9、fourfold. In coastal water bodies, including river mouths and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than tenfold since 1950. Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms. “Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans, ” said Denise Breitburg, a marine eco
10、logist with the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earths environment. Actually, its a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, including hotels and restaurants and
11、 taxi drivers and everything else. The reverberations(严重影响) of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive. ”In areas traditionally called “dead zones”, like those in Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets(大幅下跌) to so low levels that many animals die. As fish avoid these zones
12、, their habitats become smaller and they re easier to be attacked or caught. But the problem goes far beyond “dead zones”. Even smaller oxygen decline can prevent growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. It also can cause the release of dangerous chemicals such as ni
13、trous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. While some animals can boom in “dead zones”, overall biodiversity falls. Climate change is the key criminal in the open ocean. Warming surface waters make it harder for oxygen to reach the inside of the ocean. Furthermo
14、re, as the ocean as a whole gets warmer, it holds less oxygen. In coastal waters, too much nutrient pollution from land creates algal blooms, which use up oxygen as they die and break down. Peoples livelihoods are also on the line, the scientists reported, especially in developing nations. Smaller f
15、isheries(渔场)may be unable to relocate when low oxygen destroys their harvests or forces fish to move elsewhere. So we humans have to carry on a war now and win the war. 【文章大意】本文是说明文。由于人类活动导致全球变暖, 气候变化影响到了海洋生物的生存, 又反作用于人类的生计, 人类必须采取措施应对此问题。1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A. The oc
16、ean has been losing its oxygen. B. The amount of sea water is increasing. C. The coastal water bodies are dangerous. D. The Earth becomes warmer and warmer. 【解析】选A。段落大意题。通过第一段我们知道了海洋面临的现状: 在过去的50年里, 海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多。低氧场所自1950年以来增加了十多倍。通过这些现状科学家预计, 随着地球变暖, 即使在这些区域之外, 氧气也会继续下降。由此可知海洋正在失去氧气。2. What can
17、 we infer from Denise Breitburgs words? A. Different oceans have different levels of oxygen. B. The decline in ocean oxygen has great influences. C. The future of tourism relies on the levels of ocean oxygen. D. The decrease in ocean oxygen is the most serious environment problem. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段
18、Denise Breitburg说的“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans, ”和 “The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earths environment. . . The reverberations of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive. ”可知海洋氧气的减少是人类活动对地球环境最严重的影响之一, 这种不健康的海洋生态系统
19、的严重影响还会扩大。由此可见海洋氧气的减少有很大影响。3. How does the “dead zone” affect sea animals? A. It offers more food. B. It forms dangerous gas. C. It reduces their living areas. D. It produces more carbon dioxide. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段In areas traditionally called “dead zones”. . . oxygen plummets to so low levels that
20、many animals die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats become smaller and theyre easier to be attacked or caught. 可知“死亡地带”氧气大幅下跌, 许多动物死去。当鱼类避开这些区域时, 它们的栖息地变小, 更容易被攻击或捕获。4. How can we win the war according to the text? A. By closing smaller fisheries. B. By controlling humans bad activities. C.
21、By improving peoples living standards. D. By stopping nutrients entering the ocean. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earths environment. Actually, its a great loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tou
22、rism, including hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else. 可知是人类活动使海洋氧气减少, 所以要解决此问题必须控制人类的有害活动。. 阅读填句(2021南京高一检测)If you have ever done competitive sports, you will know that starting a new season means a lot of hard work and practice. 1 Here are a few ways to make sure that youre r
23、eady for the first day. 2 Ask your coach, gym teacher or trainer for some advice before writing your plan. Besides, write down how long you have worked out and what activity you have done. Ask your coach if you arent sure what you need. New equipment can be expensive, so think about using some secon
24、d-hand equipment if its available. Brothers, sisters and friends can be great sources of used equipment. 3 You can ask your coach to take a look at it before the first day of practice. If you are a returning player, take out all your equipment, try it on and make sure that it still fits and works. 4
25、 Sports camps can help new and experienced players brush up on skills before the season starts. College players, coaches or other professionals usually teach in the camps. Many schools and colleges offer various sports camps during the summer and on the weekend during the school year. Your school or
26、 team will probably require a physical check before allowing you to participate. Because everyone needs to get checked at the beginning of the season, doctors tend to be busy those times of the year. Therefore, set up an appointment with the doctor earlier. 5A. Set realistic goals. B. You can also c
27、onsider a sports camp. C. Just make sure that its very clean and safe to use. D. Its also normal to feel a little nervous about starting. E. Making the team and getting in shape are great goals. F. Start by writing an exercise plan if you dont have one. G. That can give the doctor plenty of time to
28、fill out your paperwork. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章就为参加竞技体育的第一天做好准备提出了一些方法。1. 【解析】选D。根据设空处上一句可知, 如果你曾经参加过竞技体育, 你就会知道开始一个新赛季意味着很多艰苦的工作和练习。由此可知, 空处内容与面对一个新赛季开始时会紧张有关, 因此选项D“开始的时候感到有点紧张也是正常的”符合题意。故选D。2. 【解析】选F。根据下一句可知, 在写下你的计划之前, 向你的教练、体育老师或训练员征求一些建议。由此可知, 空处内容与写一个锻炼计划有关, 因此选项F“如果你还没有一个锻炼计划, 可以先写一个”符合题意。故选F。3.
29、【解析】选C。根据上文可知, 新设备可能很贵, 所以如果可能的话考虑使用一些二手设备。以及下一句可知, 在第一天练习前, 你可以让你的教练看一下它。由此可知, 此处内容与使用二手设备有关, 因此选项C“只要确保它非常干净和使用安全”符合题意。故选C。4. 【解析】选B。根据下一句可知, 运动训练营可以帮助新手和有经验的运动员在赛季开始前复习技能。由此可知, 此处内容与参加运动训练营有关, 因此选项B“你也可以考虑参加运动训练营”符合题意。故选B。5. 【解析】选G。根据上一句可知, 所以, 早点和医生预约。由此可知, 此处内容与和医生预约带来的好处有关, 因此选项G“那样医生就有足够的时间给你
30、填表格了”符合题意。故选G。. 语法填空(2021太原高一检测)5G is developing, but most of us arent really sure what it is or the reason 1. _ we need it. A big part of the reason is that 5G means more than one thing. If you ask different people, you 2. _ (provide) with different answers. Experts believe that 4G is on 3. _ way o
31、ut. In 2020, the U. K. is expected to use 5G. At present, it is unknown exactly what influence 5G will have on peoples life but it is widely thought that 5G will 4. _ (definite) be faster than any generation of networks we have used previously. Work will likely become much easier as 5G will allow qu
32、icker downloads and a better ability to work online even if there is no Wi-Fi connection. With the 5. _ (develop) of 5G, driverless cars will be able to communicate 6. _ other vehicles, which can reduce road accidents by about 10%. One of the most 7. _ (impress) things will be that people can see wh
33、ich seats on a train are accessible to 8. _ (they) when it arrives at the station. 9. _ (get) around the world will also be more convenient. A number of 10. _ (company) are now working on bringing 5G to the market. It remains to be seen how much of the country 5G will cover and whether everyone will
34、 be able to benefit from it. 【文章大意】文章主要说明了随着5G的发展, 生活的各个方面都将会发生巨大的变化。1. 【解析】why。考查定语从句。句意: 5G正在发展, 但我们大多数人并不十分清楚它是什么或者我们需要它的原因。分析句子可知, 设空处引导定语从句, 在从句中充当原因状语, 应该用关系副词why, 故填why。2. 【解析】will be provided。考查时态和语态。分析句子可知, 设空处是主句谓语动词, if引导的条件状语从句适用主将从现原则, 故主句应用一般将来时, 主句主语you和provide之间是被动关系, 应用一般将来时的被动语态, 故
35、填will be provided。3. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 专家们相信4G即将过时。此处是固定短语on the way out“即将过时”, 故填the。4. 【解析】definitely。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词be, 故填definitely。5. 【解析】development。考查名词。句意: 随着5G的发展, 无人驾驶汽车将能与其他车辆进行交流, 这可以减少约10%的道路事故。分析句子可知, 此处应用名词作为介词with的宾语, 故填development。6. 【解析】with。考查介词。句意: 随着5G的发展, 无人驾驶汽车将能与其他车辆进行交流, 这可以减
36、少约10%的道路事故。此处是固定短语communicate with. . . “与进行交流”, 故填with。7. 【解析】impressive。考查形容词。句意: 令人印象最深刻的事情之一是, 当列车到达车站时, 人们可以看到车上哪些座位是可选的。此处应用形容词修饰名词things, impress的形容词为impressive。故填impressive。8. 【解析】them。考查代词。句意: 令人印象最深刻的事情之一是, 当列车到达车站时, 人们可以看到车上哪些座位是可选的。短语be accessible to中的to是介词, 其后应加代词宾格, 故填them。9. 【解析】Getti
37、ng。考查动名词。句意: 环游世界也将会更方便。此处应用动名词作句子主语, 位于句首, 首字母要大写。故填Getting。10. 【解析】companies。考查名词的数。句意: 现在许多公司正致力于将5G推向市场。a number of“许多, 大量”后应加复数名词, 故填companies。【补偿训练】阅读理解When people think of working animals, what often comes to mind are dogs that watch sheep, horses that work on farms and animals that perform i
38、n movies. But there are lots of other jobs animals have had over the years. Dogs have greater sense of smell than humans. This made dogs the traditional hunting partners, making their owners able to follow foxes and other animals. Police departments have taken advantage of this skill to help find mi
39、ssing people and escaped criminals. Recently, dogs have been trained to find drugs and explosives (爆炸物). The honey-guide lives in the southeast African nation of Mozambique. It has developed a win-win relationship with a group called the Yao. If a Yao member makes a certain sound, the honey-guide wi
40、ll fly from tree to tree directing him to a hidden bee box. Once the box is discovered, the person breaks open the box for honey, and the honey-guide could enjoy the honey, too. Ferrets (雪貂) are cute and furry animals that are from 1. 5 to 4 pounds. People have taken advantage of a ferrets natural a
41、bility to run through tiny space. Ferrets wear a special harness(甲胄) that makes them able to pull a string through hundreds of feet of tiny space, which is then used to pull computer wires through tiny space. Baby flies are called maggots. The job of a maggot is to eat and grow until it turns into a
42、 fly. This is similar to how a caterpillar eats and grows until it becomes a butterfly. However, there is a big difference between these insects. Caterpillars feed on plants, while maggots eat meat. Actually, they only enjoy bad meat. Maggots are used with patients who get serious infections that ca
43、nt be treated with antibiotics (抗生素). The maggots are used to the infected area for a number of days. They eat the dead part but leave the living part alone, thereby helping patients recover from the infection. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了几种为人类做一些不寻常工作的动物。1. From the passage, we can learn that dogs . A. ar
44、e the friendly friends of sheepB. have developed a win-win relationship with peopleC. have greater sense of smell than foxes and other animalsD. help human beings a lot in many areas【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段“Dogs have greater sense of smell than humans. This made dogs the traditional hunting partners, maki
45、ng their owners able to follow foxes and other animals. Police departments have taken advantage of this skill to help find missing people and escaped criminals. Recently, dogs have been trained to find drugs and explosives”可知, 狗帮助人类牧羊、追踪猎物、寻找失踪人口和逃犯以及发现毒品和爆炸物等, 可推知, 狗在很多领域给予人类很多帮助。2. With the help o
46、f the honey-guide, the Yao member can . A. find the hidden bee boxB. develop a great relationship with beesC. pay attention to dangerous thingsD. stay away from criminals【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“If a Yao member makes. . . a hidden bee box. ”可知, 如果一个尧族人发出某种声音, 响蜜鴷会在树上飞来飞去, 指引他找到隐藏的蜂箱。故可知, 在响蜜鴷的帮助下, 尧族人可以找到
47、隐藏的蜂箱。3. What can we know from the passage? A. The honey-guide can be used as medicine. B. People can learn much from dogs and horses. C. Ferrets are good at running through tiny space. D. The baby fly is always called the caterpillar. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“People have taken advantage of a ferrets na
48、tural ability to run through tiny space. ”可知, 人们利用了雪貂在狭小空间里奔跑的天性。所以雪貂善于在狭小的空间内穿行。4. People can take advantage of the baby flies to treat . A. burns caused by explosivesB. terrible cancersC. harm caused by beesD. serious infections【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“Baby flies are called maggots. ”以及“Maggots are use
49、d. . . treated with antibiotics. ”可知, 苍蝇的幼崽被称作蝇蛆。蝇蛆被用于治疗严重感染却不能使用抗生素的病人, 所以人们可以利用蝇蛆来治疗严重的感染。 【方法技巧】细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键, 也是做好其他类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息, 或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法, 即先读题, 然后带着问题快速阅读短文, 找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子, 再对相关部分进行分析对比, 找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬, 但是一般是原文的改写, 意思不变。如换一个同义词, 把否定改为肯定, 把肯定改为否定等。如第4小题, 根据最后一段“Baby flies are called maggots. ”以及“Maggots are used. . . treated with antibiotics. ”可知, 苍蝇的幼崽被称作蝇蛆。蝇蛆被用于治疗严重感染却不能使用抗生素的病人, 所以人们可以利用蝇蛆来治疗严重的感染。故选D。