1、英语翻议讲解：这里是VOA特别英语农业报道。每年，非洲有100万头牛死于海岸热。这种疾病通过扁虱叮咬来传播。年幼的牛风险最大，它们会在几天内死亡。农民和牧民会因海岸热而损失一半甚至更多的牛。这种疾病在11个国家广泛传播。专家表示，这种疾病现在在包括南苏丹在内的新的地区传播，威胁着超过1000万只动物。三十年前，研究人员最初研制出一种抵抗海岸热的实验性疫苗。这种疫苗通过“传染和治疗”的过程来产生作用。动物首先全面感染寄生虫，同时使用抗生素进行治疗。这防止了疾病的发生。在已经获得了疫苗的地区，控制海岸热意味着更好的生活。例如，坦桑尼亚北部一些Maasai牧民已经可以获得疫苗七年时间。以前，他们经常
2、每年损失四分之三的新生小牛。现在，大多数小牛都能存活下来。结果，许多人有了多余的牛来出售，可以使用这些收入为孩子支付上学的费用。但是，使这种疫苗能够在更广泛的地区获得，尤其是农村地区，是非常困难的。农民们还在使用90年代生产的疫苗。最近，疫苗出现短缺。国际畜牧研究所(International Livestock Research Institute)应非洲官员的要求生产了100万剂，但是供应是暂时的。另外一个问题是，疫苗必须在极冷的条件下保存。现在，非营利组织全球畜牧兽医联盟正在努力扩大生产，降低成本。该组织发言人Hameed Nuru表示，手机帮助减少了分配过程中的一些障碍。HAMEED
3、NURU：“现在，随着手机技术的到来，我们接触到的大多数人，例如Maasai牧人，他们都有手机。现在，他们可以打电话给配送机构，相关人员会到来，跟他们在特定的地方会面，为他们的牲畜接种疫苗。” 这种疫苗并不便宜。但是Hameed Nuru表示，牧人们一起出售一头牛，用这笔钱来为所有的动物界中疫苗。他们理解，他们花这笔钱是值得的：接种疫苗之后，一头牛的价值会翻倍。其中一个目标是让当地人发展提供疫苗的生意。Hameed Nuru：“人们现在已经认识到，他们可以通过提供疫苗来做生意，只要有市场，他们也可以到达非常偏远的地区。”这些努力受到比尔与梅林达盖茨基金会和英国政府的支持。1.threaten
4、vt.vi.恐吓, 威胁 例句：They entreated and threatened, but all this seemed of no avail. 他们时而恳求, 时而威胁, 但这一切看来都没有用。预示(某事) 例句：The black clouds threaten a storm. 乌云预示暴风雨的来临。2.experimental a.实验的,根据实验的例句：This trip will be only experimental. 这次旅行只是试验性的。3.available adj.可用的，现成可使用的，合用的，便于利用的，在手边的；适用于的；可得到的，可获得的；可达到的；
5、近便的；便利的，便于使用的 例句：Ill send you all the periodicals available. 我将把我能得到的期刊给你寄去。 My bicycle is not available, and it is being repaired. 我的自行车现在不能用, 因为正在修理。这个词所表达的意思相当于：have access to可以获得例句：Students must have access to good books. 学生应该读得到好书。 4.shortage n.缺乏,不足例句：The war was lost because of a shortage of
6、munitions. 战争因军火短缺而失败了。相关词组：be short of缺少,缺乏例句：We are short of skilled labor. 我们缺少技术工人。fall short不足,缺乏;达不到,不符合例句：Now, our supply fall short of demand. 现在，我们的产品供不应求。 5.lower vt.放下,降下,放低;减低例句：A cold had lowered her resistance. 感冒已削弱了她的抵抗力。这个词还有形容词的意思：lower adj.较低的, 低等的 例句：The lower classes are always
7、with us. 我们总是和下层社会人民在一起。1.Farmers and herders can lose up to half or more of their calves to East Coast fever. up to多达 例句：I can take up to four people in my car. 我的汽车最多能坐四个人。直到 例句：Up to now hes still quiet. 他直到现在仍保持沉默。在于, 取决于 例句：This is up to you. 这件事取决于你。能胜任 例句：Hes not up to the work. 他不能胜任这件工作。做,
8、忙 例句：Whats he up to? 他做什么呢?2.This keeps the disease from developing. keep fromprevent.from,keep.from还有stopfrom 这三个句式的意义都是：阻止做或阻止某事的发生，而protect.from是表示保护不受伤害 prevent.from 和stop%from 用在主动语态中from可以省略。 keep.from在表示此意时，from不可以省略。keepdoing 是使处在状态中的意思。 prevent.from,keep.from还有stopfrom 这三个句式中from后面的动词与from前
9、面的词构成动宾关系时，后面用动名词的被动形式。We must prevent the water from being polluted. What stopped him from coming here. The heavy rain kept us from coming on time. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. You had better wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun. 3.They used to lose three-fourths of their newbo
10、rn calves each year. used to do过去常常做某事例句：The Greeks used to worship several gods. 过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神。注意和be used to的区别，这个短语后面跟doing，表示习惯做某事。例句：I am used to reading before sleeping. 我习惯在睡觉前读书。4.Recently there was a shortage. The International Livestock Research Institute made one million doses at the reques
11、t of African officials. at the request of根据的请求，做状语例句：An elderly woman rang up the police at the request of her neighbor. 一个老太太应邻居的请求给警察打了电话。5.A goal is to have local people develop businesses supplying the vaccine.have local people develop是have sb do结构。 have sth. done，have sb. do sth 与 have sb./sth.
12、 doing 三种结构进行简单的分析和归纳。一、 have sth. done“have + sth. （宾语）+ 过去分词（宾语补足语）”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。例如：We had the machine mended just now.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。He has had his hair cut.他（请人给他）理发了。The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备请/叫/让人量体温。二、 have sb. do s
13、th.“have + sb.（宾语）+ do sth.（宾语补足语）”意为“让/ 叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have 是使役动词，sb. 作宾语，其后的 do sth.是省去 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：The boss often has them work for 14 hours a day.老板经常要他们一天工作14 个小时。Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。三、 have sb./sth. doing“ have +sb./sth. （宾语）+ 现在分词（宾语补足语）”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事
14、或让某种情况发生”。宾语 sb./sth .后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。例如：Dont have the baby crying！ 不要让婴儿啼哭！Dont have the dog barking much，Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。Youd better have your car running slowly. 你最好把车子开慢点。英语听力原文：This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.img cow with East Coast feverEach yea
15、r a million cows in Africa die from East Coast fever. The disease is spread by tick bites. Young cows are most at risk; they can die within days. Farmers and herders can lose up to half or more of their calves to East Coast fever.The disease is widespread in eleven countries. And experts say it now
16、threatens ten million more animals in new areas including southern Sudan.Researchers first developed an experimental vaccine against East Coast fever thirty years ago. The vaccine works by a process called infection and treatment. The animals are infected with whole parasites and treated with antibi
17、otics at the same time. This keeps the disease from developing.Controlling East Coast fever has meant a better life in areas that have gotten the vaccine. For example, the vaccine has been available to a group of Maasai herders in northern Tanzania for about seven years. They used to lose three-four
18、ths of their newborn calves each year. Now, most survive. As a result, many people have extra cattle to sell, and use the money to pay for school for their children.img Maasai herding cattleBut making the vaccine more widely available - especially in rural areas - has been difficult. Farmers have be
19、en using supplies produced in the nineteen nineties. Recently there was a shortage. The International Livestock Research Institute made one million doses at the request of African officials. But that supply is only temporary. Another problem is that the vaccine must be kept extremely cold.Now, the n
20、onprofit Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines is trying to expand production and lower the cost. GALVmed spokesman Hameed Nuru says mobile phones have helped lower some barriers to distribution.HAMEED NURU: Now, with the advent of cellular technology, most of the people we do reach, su
21、ch as the Maasai pastoralists, they all have cell phones. And they now call the delivery agent who can now come and meet them at a particular place and do the vaccination for them.The vaccine is not cheap. But Hameed Nuru says the herders get together to sell a bull and use the money to vaccinate al
22、l their animals. They understand that they are getting value for their money: A cow is worth nearly twice as much if it is vaccinated.A goal is to have local people develop businesses supplying the vaccine.HAMEED NURU: People are now seeing that they can actually make a business from supplying this
23、vaccine and getting out to the very rural areas where there is a market for this.The efforts are supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the British government.And thats the VOA Special English Agriculture report, written by Jerilyn Watson with additional reporting by Steve Baragona. Im Bob Doughty.版权所有：高考资源网()版权所有：高考资源网()
