1、2020-2021学年人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册英语单元测试AB卷 Unit 5 B卷 能力提升一、阅读理解1. In 2011, during his freshman year at the University of Maryland, Simon was struck by how much food was thrown away in the college cafeteria. I was shocked to see someone buy a full sandwich, eat half of it, and throw the other half out, sa
2、id Simon. It was not the value I grew up with. For him, discarded food was a natural goldmine where he could source to do good. Four years later, Simon co-founded Imperfect Produce, a subscription-based home-delivery service for discounted ugly fruits and vegetables that are perfectly good on the in
3、side, but otherwise rejected from the food supply chain for their looks. Up to 20% of the fruits and vegetables grown on farms in America are thrown away because the produce doesnt meet grocery stores standards, said Simon. Its often for discoloration, scarring on the surface caused by the fruit rub
4、bing against a tree limb or an atypical shape, he said. Sometimes its the size. Simon, 29, and Chesler, 27, decided to source this ugly produce directly from farms and deliver it to customers for about 30% less than conventional grocery store prices. The reason why we created Imperfect Produce as a
5、direct-to-consumer business is because grocery stores didnt want to partner with us, said Simon. So we became our own store. The San Francisco-based service launched in August 2015. Today, Imperfect Produce has more than 200, 000 subscribers in 22 cities. The company sources its produce from 250 gro
6、wers nationwide, and slightly more than half of it is organic. To date, Simon said the service has helped recover 40 million pounds of food from going to waste. Simon declined to disclose income but said this years sales are expected to double last years. The business is not yet profitable, but he h
7、opes to expand the service to 40 cities by the end of 2019 and eventually take the company public at some point.1.Why are many fruits and vegetables wasted?A.They are not tasty.B.They are poorly looking.C.They are not nutritious.D.They are not good inside.2.What made Simon create Imperfect Produce a
8、s a direct-to-consumer business?A.Relatively high prices offered by him.B.His desire to offer convenient service to others.C.The wish to set up his own business.D.Grocery stores refusal to cooperate with him.3.What can be inferred about Simon?A.He thinks a lot about the wasted food.B.He wants to hel
9、p the poor.C.He expects to make profits from his business.D.He has expanded his service to 40 cities.2. Having trouble telling one furry panda from another? A facial recognition app will make it easy for you. The app is developed by the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding along with resear
10、chers in Singapore Nanyang Technological University and Sichuan Normal University. You no longer need to worry about making the pandas angry by calling them by the wrong name, the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding wrote on Weibo, as it announced its new giant panda facial recognition app
11、. Visitors to the panda base in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, will be able to scan the pandas face with the mobile app to get information about that particular bear. Its good news for those with face blindness for giant pandas. The image analysis research kicked off in 2017. A database now contains a
12、bout 120,000 images and 10, 000 video clips of giant pandas. Close to 10,000 panda pictures have been analyzed, marked and annotated (注释).Using the database, researchers are able to carry out automatic facial recognition on panda faces to tell one animal from another. Its not just a gimmick (噱头)for
13、tourists, though. Researchers say the technology will help them analyze data on pandas both in captive and the wild. The app and database will help us gather more precise and well-rounded data on the population, distribution, ages, gender ratio, births and deaths of wild pandas, who live in deep mou
14、ntains and are hard to track, said an expert. It will definitely help us improve efficiency and effectiveness in conservation and management of the animals.1.If you call a panda by the wrong name, it will be _.A.excitedB.worriedC.unhappyD.puzzled2.What will tourists do if they want to know a particu
15、lar panda?A.Log on the zoos website and search for it.B.Use you mobile to scan the pandas face.C.Ask the zoo keepers about it.D.Read the introduction of the panda.3.What does the expert think of the app?A.It is of little help.B.It is very useful.C.It is just a gimmick.D.It needs improving.4.What cou
16、ld be the best title for the passage?A.Facial recognition app can identify pandasB.Easy way to tell one panda from anotherC.Pandas are difficult to identifyD.Good news for face blindness3. Like people, plants experience stress. And also, like people, the response to that stress can determine success
17、. Bad environmental conditions, such as drought, flood, heat and other stresses, affect yields(产量) more than crop pests and diseases. We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields, said Stephen Howell, a professor of genetics a
18、nd cell biology. Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell. Under normal conditions, these proteins are folded into their normal, healthy structures as they are produced. When a plant is under stress, its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a
19、built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell, said Howell. In response to the alarm, another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive. As it
20、turns out, responses that are activated under stressful conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants, said Howell. This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions. For plants in the wild, this response is a help for survival, he said. In production of agricultural c
21、rops, however, this response reduces yields. You dont want crop plants to stop growing, Howell said. You want them to continue to grow and produce more even though they are under stress. With the new understanding of this stress response, the next step may be to silence the alarm system, said Howell
22、. What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses. That may make the plant more productive under stressful conditions.1.According to the text, an alarm in the plant cell is caused by _.A.the folded proteinsB.the changed proteinsC.the defensive measuresD.the stress response genes2.
23、The energy preserved in the plants under stressful conditions _.A.helps the plants to surviveB.helps to maintain high yieldsC.keeps the plants growingD.helps to produce proteins3.The underlined word inhibit in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by _.A.preventB.startC.continueD.promote4.How does Howell inte
24、nd to make crop plants maintain high yields under stressful conditions?A.By making crop plants keep more energy.B.By making crop plants stop growing.C.By making the alarm system stop working.D.By making the alarm system respond quickly.4. The meaning of the word volunteer may be a little different i
25、n different countries, but it usually means one who offers his or her services. There are many different ways in which people can volunteer, such as taking care of sick people, working in homes for homeless children, and picking up garbage from beaches and parks. Volunteers may work within their own
26、 countries or in other countries. They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves. Volunteers dont expect any kind of pay. At the root of volunteering is the idea that one person may have the ability to offer services that can help other people. Tracy, a
27、 good friend of mine, however, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means. She worked for two and a half weeks in one of Mother Teresas homes in Calcutta. The following is her story. I first heard about Mother Teresa in my high school. We watched a video about her
28、work in India and all over the world. I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I also wanted to try her kind of work. So with two friends, I flew to Calcutta for a few weeks. I was asked to work in a home for sick
29、 people. I helped wash clothes and sheets and passed out lunch. I also fed the people who were too weak to feed themselves and tried to cheer them up. I felt it was better to share with them than to think that I have helped them. To be honest, I dont think I was helping very much. It was then that I
30、 realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.1.According to the text, what does a volunteer refer to?A.A person who is willing to help those in need without pay.B.A person who can afford
31、 to travel to different places.C.A person who has a strong wish to be successful.D.A person who has made a big fortune in life.2.Why did Tracy choose to be a volunteer?A.She liked to work with Mother Teresa.B.She had already had some experience.C.She was asked by Mother Teresa.D.She wanted to follow
32、 Mother Teresas example.3.What is Tracys new idea (in Paragraph 2) of being a volunteer?A.Going abroad to help the sick.B.Working in Mother Teresas home.C.Doing simple things to help the poor.D.Improving oneself through helping others.4.What is the best title for the passage?A.How to Be a VolunteerB
33、.Voluntary Life in IndiaC.A Different Meaning of VolunteerD.Inspiration from Mother Teresa二、七选五 Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients and prepared in a certain way. _, and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try. But why are some foods more popular t
34、han others in certain areas? Traditional ingredients Typical recipes (食谱) are usually made with native plant and animal products. For example, Chinese dishes often include rice and soybeans because both plants are native to East Asia and grow well in hot, wet areas. In contrast, wheat grows well in
35、drier areas, like the Middle East, where bread is a common staple food. _, whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from farm animals. Food preservation Local cuisines often depend on how people traditionally prepared food for storage. In warm weather, meat and fish can go off quickly, so they
36、must be cooked right away or preserved for later._ For that reason, modern Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods. Cooking techniques_. In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. InMorocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called
37、a tajine. And some local dishes arent cooked at all. Imported (进口的) ingredients Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally came from another place. _, while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes. However, all of these ingredients were brought to Europe from South America in th
38、e fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But now they are common around the world.A.Seafood is often a key ingredient in coastal areasB.There is a danger that local food traditions will be lostC.Many different cooking techniques are used around the worldD.For example, Italian dishes often include tomato
39、es and peppersE.These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its cultureF.Nowadays, we can buy food products from all around the worldG.In Norway, the Vikings used to cure meat and fish by smoking them over a fire三、完形填空 When I was a college student, I did a lot of traveling abroad. That was
40、because a professor 1 me to do so. She said, To travel around the world can 2 your knowledge through actual experiences and make you have fun. I 3 her. Since I started to work for a 4 company, however, I have done most of my traveling through the Internet. With the help of the Internet, I have also
41、got 5 about food in different countries. Therefore, I was beginning to feel that actual trips were 6 necessary until I happened to read a famous chefs comment on the Internet. He said, When we enjoy food and the 7 around us at the same time, why dont you fly over to Italy and enjoy real Italian 8 ?
42、Those words reminded me of my 9 advice. As information technology 10 , you might be able to do it without making a real trip. But this also means that you will miss the various 11 you can get from traveling. Today there are people who 12 direct communication with others and spend much of their time
43、on the Internet. It is not surprising to see a group of people 13 not with each other but into their microphones. However, we should never let it 14 our time for face-to-face communication. Lets make use of information technology more 15 , and have great fun in experiencing the actual world.1.A.prom
44、isedB.allowedC. impressedD. encouraged2.A.build upB.useC. practiceD. exchange3.A.agreed withB.learn fromC. followedD. obeyed4.A.carB.foodC. clothingD. machine5.A.informationB. tasteC. cooksD. advertisements6.A.even moreB.no longerC. muchD. actually7.A.peopleB.drinkC. atmosphereD. environment8.A.shoe
45、sB. dishesC. customersD. situations9.A.friendsB. parentsC. professorsD. boss10.A.producesB. advertisesC. formsD. advances11.A.newsB. pleasuresC. troublesD. places12.A.avoidB. keepC. loseD. enjoy13.A.meetingB. talkingC. communicatingD. traveling14.A.spareB. increaseC. reduceD. use15A.wiselyB. correct
46、lyC. quicklyD. slowly四、语法填空 Earth Day is an event_(annual) celebrated on April 22. _(found) by Senator Gaylord Nelson, an American statesman and environmentalist, it was originally aimed at helping the public to know the current situation of air and water pollution and _ (get) people to care about t
47、he earth. In 1962, Rachel Carsons bestselling book Silent Spring created an _ (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides (农药). Then, a fire,_broke out in 1969 on Clevelands Cuyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of _ similar large
48、 event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously. In 1969, he was inspired by protests against the Vietnam War and came up with the idea for Earth Day. In the fall of 1969, Nelson announced it and appealed to the entire country to get involved. Consequently, telegrams, letters and
49、 telephone calls_all over the country poured in. Since 1970, Earth Day celebration has grown. Later, Nelson _ (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work. Today, Earth Day is celebrated around the world every April 22. Sometimes numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, an
50、entire week of_(activity) focused on the environmental issues. In 2017, the March for Science_ (occur) on Earth Day (April 22, 2017) and was followed by the Peoples Climate Mobilization (April 29, 2017).五、写作假设你是高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部。擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他,并附上一封信,信的内容包括: 1.该作品的内容; 2.送该作品的原因
51、; 3.表示愿意提供帮助。注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。提示词:书法calligraphy_阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A farmer grew some vegetables in his garden. One day his wife was ill and he had no money. He had to sell some cabbages and carrots in the market. The next morning he took two baskets of
52、vegetables to the town. But it was snowing hard that afternoon and there were few people in the street. When his vegetables were sold out, it was dark. He bought some medicine and hurried to his village. On his way home he saw a person lying on the snow. He placed his baskets on the ground and was g
53、oing to help the person to get up. At that time he found it was a dead man and there was much blood on his body. He was so afraid that he ran away quickly, without taking the baskets with him. The next afternoon the farmer was sent to the police station. Having shown the baskets, an officer asked, A
54、re these yours? Yes, sir, the farmer answered timidly(胆怯地). Have you killed the man? No, no, sir, the farmer said in a hurry. When did you see the dead man? About seven last evening. Did you see who killed the man? No, sir. The officer brought out a knife and asked, Have you seen it yet? No, sir. Th
55、e officer became angry and told a policeman to beat him up and send him into prison. The officer wanted to trap the farmer into the confession (供认), but the farmer didnt admit he was the murderer.Paragraph 1: The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again._Paragraph 2: The
56、 farmer was lucky. A few days later,_答案以及解析一、1.答案：1-3 BDA解析：1.推理判断题.根据第三段第一、二句中的 because the produce doesnt meet grocery stores standards 和 Its often for discoloration, scarring on the surface caused by the fruit rubbing against a tree limb or an atypical shape 可推知,很多水果和蔬菜都被浪费了是因为它们的外表不好看.故选B.2.细节理解
57、题.根据第四段第一句中的 because grocery stores didnt want to partner with us 可知Simon 创建 Imperfect Produce 作为直接而向消费者的企业是因为杂货店不愿意与他合作.故选D.3.推理判断题.通读全文可知, Simon 是一个非常爱惜食物的人,他通过创建 Imperfect Produce, 将外表不好看但内在却很好的有可能被浪费掉的水果和蔬菜进行售卖.由此可推知,他对被浪费的食物思考了很多.故选A.2.答案：(1)-(4)CBBA解析：(1).根据第二段的第一句你不再需要担心因为叫错熊猫名字而让它们生气可知,C项正确。
58、(2).细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句可知,前往四川成都熊猫基地的游客将可以使用手机应用程序扫描熊猫的脸,以获取有关那只熊的信息。故B项正确。(3).细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句这款应用程序和数据库将帮助我们收集有关野生大熊猫数量、分布、年龄、性别比例、出生和死亡情况的更准确全面的数据,它们生活在深山中,很难追.可知,这款app很有用。(4).主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一款面部识别app,它能帮你识别大熊猫。由此可知,A项可概括全文的内容。3.答案：1-4.BAAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的When a plant is under stress, its cells produ
59、ce poorly folded or unfolded proteins. Then a built-in system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell 可知当植物处于压力之下时,它的细胞会制造出折叠不充分或未折叠的蛋白质,正是这些被改变的蛋白质会使植物体内存在的一种警报系统发出警报。2.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stressful conditions.”可知在压力条件下,植物体内储存的能量能够帮助植物生存下来。3.
60、词义猜测题。根据第六段第二句中this response reduces yields可以推断画线单词所在部分的意思为:正如结果所示,在压力条件下被激活的反应实际上会抑制植物的生长。inhibit意为“抑制,阻碍”。prevent阻止,妨碍;start开始;continue持续;promote促进。故选A。4.细节理解题。根据末段中的the next step may be to silence the alarm system和What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.可知Howell将通过使警报系统
61、停止工作来维持植物在压力条件下的高产量。 4.答案：(1)-(4)ADDC解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句They are often people with a strong wish to help those who are less fortunate than themselves. Volunteers dont expect any kind of pay.可知,志愿者往往有强烈愿望帮助比自己不幸的人,并且不期望任何回报,故选A。(2).推理判断题。根据第三段中的We watched a video about her work in India and all ov
62、er the world. I was so moved by her spirit to help others and her endless love for every human being that after I graduated from high school, I also wanted to try her kind of work.可知,她看到特蕾莎修女在印度以及全世界的工作,被她的帮助别人以及对别人无尽的爱的精神感动,因此她想要尝试像特蕾莎修女一样的工作,故选D。(3).词义猜测题。根据第二段中Tracy, a good friend of mine, howeve
63、r, recently came back from India with a new idea of what being a volunteer means.以及最后一段中的It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of life and the world.可知,Tracy出国去做志愿者,体会到去印度的经历不仅仅是去帮忙,更
64、多的是了解和体验不同的文化,提升自己对生活和世界的理解,因此新的观点是她自己的体会一通过帮助别人提升自己,故选D。(4).主旨大意题。本文介绍志愿者服务的意义,以及通过Tracy的故事指出做志愿者的经历对志愿者的新意义,故选C。 二、答案：EAGCD解析：根据上文Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients and prepared in a certain way.(许多国家都有传统的菜肴,它们用特殊的食材制成,并以某种方式烹制)和下文and when tourists visit, these a
65、re the foods they want to try(当游客参观时,这些是他们想要尝试的食物)可知,该空承接上文,E选项“这些地方菜可以成为一个地方及其文化的象征”切题,故选E项。 根据下文whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from farm animals(然而,内陆的菜则倾向于使用更多家畜肉)可知,该空引出下文,A选项“海产品通常是沿海地区(菜肴)的关键食材”切题,故选A项。根据下文For that reason, modern Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods.(因此,
66、现代挪威菜包括许多烟熏食品)可知,该空引出下文,G选项“在挪威,维京人过去常常在火上用烟来熏肉和鱼以保存它们”切题,故选G项。根据下文In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called a tajine. And some local dishes arent cooked at all.(在中国,人们通常在深金属锅里炸食物或在热水
67、上用篮子蒸食物。在摩洛哥,人们在一种叫塔吉的特殊的锅里做传统的菜。还有一些地方菜根本不用烹饪)可知,该空引出下文,C选项“世界各地使用许多不同的烹饪技术”切题,故选C项。根据下文while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes(许多俄罗斯菜是土豆做的)可知,该空承上启下,D选项“例如,意大利菜通常包括番茄和甜椒”切题,故选D项。三、答案：1-5 DAABA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 BABCA解析：1.那是因为教授鼓励 我 这样做. encourage 鼓励,故选D项. Promise 许诺; allow 允许; impress 使钦佩.
68、2.根据常识可知周游世界能增进你的知识, build up 增进,故选A项. use 使用; practice 练习; exchange 交换.3.我 同意她的观点. agree with 同意,故选A项. learn from 向.学习;follow 跟随; obey服从.4.根据下文about food in different countries 可知, 我 在食品公司工作, food食物,故选B项. car汽车; clothing衣服; machine机器.5.在网络的帮助下, 我 得到了一些关于其他国家的食物的信息, information 信息,故选A项. taste 味道; co
69、ok 厨师; advertisement 广告.6.因此 我 开始感觉没有必要再去实际旅行了. no longer 不再,故选B项. even more 更多的; much 多; actually 事实上.7.此处指享受食 物的同时享受周围的气氛. atmosphere 气氛,故选C项. people 人们; drink 饮料; environment 环境.8.此处指为什么不 飞往意大利去享受一下真正的意大利的菜肴呢? dish 菜肴,故选B项. shoe 鞋; customer 顾客; situation 状况.9.那些话使 我 想起了教授的建议. professors 教授的,故选C项.
70、 friends 朋友的; parents 父母的; boss 老板的.10.此处指随着信息技术的进步. advance 进步,故选D项. Produce 生产; advertise 打广告; form 形成.11.这就意味着你会错过旅行中的各种乐事. pleasure 乐事,故选B项. News 新闻; trouble 麻烦; place地方.12.今天,有些人避免与他人直接沟通,把大部分时间花在互联网上. avoid 避免,故选A项. keep 保持; lose 失去; enjoy 享受.13. talk with sb. 与某人交谈, talk into sth. 对某物讲话,故选B项.
71、 Meet 见面; communicate 交流; travel 旅行.14.我们不应该让 面对面的交流减少. reduce 减少,故选C项. spare 节约; increase 增长; use 使用.15.我们应该更加明智地利用信息技术. wisely 明智地,故选A项. correctly 正确地; quickly 快速地; slowly 缓慢地.四、答案：-annually; Founded; getting; awareness; which- a; from; was awarded; activities; occurred解析：考查副词。修饰动词celebrated,用副词,所
72、以填annually。 考查非谓语动词。Senator Gaylord Nelson与found之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词,填Founded。考查非谓语动词。aim at“目的在于”,是固定用法,后面接v-ing,所以填getting。考查名词。作created的宾语,用名词,所以填awareness。考查定语从句。关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,指物,用which。考查冠词。泛指“一件相似的大事”,且similar的读音以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。考查介词。句意:因此,来自全国的电报、信件和电话蜂拥而来。此处表示“来自”,所以填from。考查时态和语态。Nelson与“授予”之间
73、是被动关系,用被动语态,且表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。考查名词复数。此处表示“整整一周的活动”,是复数意义,所以用名词复数。考查时态。表示发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时,所以填occurred。五、答案：Dear Jim, I am glad to know that you have joined your schools calligraphy club. The calligraphy piece sent to you was written by myself. I really hope you will like it. The Chinese characters on
74、 the piece are 天道酬勤(Tian Dao Chou Qin), meaning Hard work pays off. It is a well-known Chinese idiom, widely adopted as a motto by Chinese people. I hope it can serve as an encouragement to you at all times. I wrote this piece in the calligraphic style of my favorite calligrapher, Yan Zhenqing, a re
75、nowned master of the Tang Dynasty. His style is kaishu, a standard script, suitable for beginners. I guess maybe it is the style that you are practising. I know it is not easy to learn Chinese calligraphy. If you have any problems during your study, I would be happy to help you. I sincerely hope you
76、 enjoy learning Chinese calligraphy.Yours,Li Hua答案：Paragraph 1: The officer was so angry that he asked the policeman to beat him up again. The farmer was very afraid. He thought he would be sentenced to death for killing people, but he was innocent. He must tell people the truth, but no one could he
77、ar his voice. He hoped that someone could come and save him.Paragraph 2: The farmer was lucky. A few days later, a young man came to the police station with a lot of journalists, saying that he saw the murderer. It was the police officer who killed the man on the snow! He saw the police officer kill
78、 the man with a knife late in the evening. He was so frightened and ran away. But the young man thought the farmer was innocent. So he took the great courage to expose the real criminal. After the investigation, the young man was right. The police officer was sent into prison and the policeman who beat up the farmer was fired. The brave young man was regarded as a hero by the villagers.