1、Section Reading for Writing基础知识 预习自检王乐大家好，在英语学习中你最大的困难是什么？刘文大家好！我从小学开始学英语。我的英语拿过高分，但是现在我的英语听力遇到了困难。当我在视频中听那些以英语为母语的人说话时，我只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？贾鑫听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语者说话的速度。我也通过重复我所听到的内容去帮助自己提高语感。有时候我甚至会录下自己的声音，这样我就可以和广播节目的主持人的发音作对比！最让我感到头疼的是怎样礼貌地用英语表达。说“打开窗户”是非常简单的，但是在英语中这样说话听起来很不礼貌。我必须想好我在和什么人说话然
2、后决定说话的方式，用“请把窗子打开！”或者用“可以帮我打开窗户吗？”甚至用更长的句子“你介意帮我把窗户打开吗？”李睿是的，那真的很难！我觉得这要基于你在和谁讲话。如果我和亲密的朋友讲话，我可以用简短的句子提出要求，比如，“打开窗户”我们的关系是很亲密而且平等的，所以我只需要几个单词架起沟通的桥梁。但如果是和那些和我不太亲密的人说话，我必须用更长的句子表达请求，并且必须用提问的方式而不是命令，比如，“你可以帮我打开窗子吗？”如果是和长辈说话，那么我就会说“你介意帮我把窗子打开吗？”对于我来说，词汇是我最大的问题有那么多的新单词！我不可能把所有的新词汇都直接记在脑子里，而且当然也无法完全记住怎么去
3、正确地使用它们。帮帮我！重点知识 合作探究1equal n. 同等的人；相等物adj. 相同的；同样的(教材P66)归纳拓展(1)be equal to (doing) sth. 能胜任(做)某事without equal 无与伦比；无敌(2)A equals B in . A在方面比得上B/与B相匹敌(3)equality n. 平等equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地She was determined that she would be_equal_to any test the company put to her.她下定决心要成功应对公司对她的任何考验。Not a
4、ll men are equal_in ability.人的能力并不都是一样的。He is a player without_equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment.在教育和就业方面男女应该得到平等的对待。(1)单句语法填空I dont think he is equal to _ (do) this kind of work. so I cant hire him.Learning to deal with the social world is _ (equal)
5、 important.答案：doingequally(2)一句多译尽管他年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。Young as he was, John _ the important task.(equal)Although he was young, John _ the important task.(fit)Young as he was, John _ the important task.(qualified)答案：was equal towas fit forwas qualified for2demand n. 要求；需求vt. 强烈要求；需要vi. 查问(教材P66)归纳拓展
6、(1)be in (great) demand (迫切)需求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需求(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事demand that . (should) do sth. 要求做某事(3)sth. demand(s) to be donesth. demand(s) doing 某事需要被做First，science graduates are_in_greater_demand than arts ones in China.首先，在中国，对理科毕业生的需求比对文科生的更大。She demanded_to_see the h
7、eadmaster.她要求见校长。The policeman demanded_that the gate (should) be shut.警察要求把大门关上。(1)单句语法填空They think learning English well is one of the _ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ (email) to Mr Brown without delay.M
8、y car demands/needs/requires _ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus.答案：demands(should) be emailedrepairing(2)单句写作这个季节，软饮料需求量很大。Soft drinks are _ in this season.答案：in great demand3relate vt. 联系；讲述(教材P67)归纳拓展(1)relate to 与相关；涉及；谈到relate . to 把和联系在一起relate sth. to sb. 向某人叙述/讲述某事(2)related adj. 相关的；
9、有(亲属)关系的be related to 和有关的；和有联系的(3)relation n. 关系have no relation to sth. 同某事无关in/with relation to 关于；与相比I had papers relating_to the children which my wife and I had to sign. 我有一些关于孩子的文件需要我和妻子签字。He related_the_facts_of_the_case_to journalists.他给记者们讲述了这件事的实际情况。Much of the crime in this area is_relat
10、ed_to drug abuse.这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。I have some comments to make in_relation_to (concerning) this matter.关于这件事我有几点看法。(1)单句语法填空There were officials _ whom he could relate the whole story.We seek to improve _ (relate) between our two countries.I think thats why so many people relate _ her. 答案：torelations
11、to(2)单句写作你的作品一定要与我们的学校生活有关。Your works must _ our school life.你能将童年的经历与现在的心境联系起来吗？Can you _ what happened in your childhood _ your present state of mind?答案：be related torelate; to学习效果 随堂演练.单词拼写1The basic _ (词汇) of a language is those words that must be learnt. 答案：vocabulary2He pushed through a _ (开口)
12、 which the man was repairing.答案：gap3(2018浙江高考)In America the _ (需求) for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.答案：demand4Women in our country enjoy _ (平等的) rights with men.答案：equal5She _ (讲述) how he had run away from home as a boy.答案：related.单句语法填空1This report offered the most specific _ (describe)
13、of the problems.答案：description2It is a question of the _ (relate) of ethics to economics.答案：relation3Im sorry I forget how to use the word _ (proper)答案：properly4Does the writer use spelling, punctuation and _ (capitalize) correctly?答案：capitalisation5She speaks English with a good _ (pronounce)答案：pro
14、nunciation .单句写作1双方不太可能消除彼此之间的分歧。It is unlikely that the two sides will be able to _.答案：bridge their gaps2我最大的问题是如何与英语母语者交谈。My biggest problem _ talk to native English speakers.答案：is how to3明日能否出发，须视天气而定。Whether or not we can start off tomorrow will _ the weather. 答案：depend on4我加上你等于一个世界吗？Do I and y
15、ou _ one world?答案：equal to5我们费了很大劲跟他解释这个过程。We had _ this process to him.答案：great/much trouble explaining课后课时作业阅读理解ANowadays everybody seems to think that they know English. Many people speak it but few speak it really well. Practice is necessary in speaking English well.Reading is also one of the th
16、ings that will help you to speak English better. Read whenever you can and whatever you like! Read papers and Internet sites that you like in English every day. Then, you will see that the number of known words is increasing and you are able to speak with more skills. Then you will have made the fou
17、ndations and a good basis of English. It is not good to stop and get stuck there.Going to England or an Englishspeaking country is a good choice, but many people cannot afford it. If you cannot go, reading and speaking with your friends will also help you to practice your English. However, I think i
18、t is very good to visit some Englishspeaking country to see and test your knowledge in everyday life. You will understand the everyday usage of the language in its natural environment. There your level of English is going to improve even faster. Your ability to speak English is better. Nothing can m
19、atch the excitement and happiness when a native speaker tells you that your English is very good!Finally, in order to speak English well, you must be persistent and do it every day. It is like playing the piano. Pianists play it every day and so should you. Include English in your life and you will
20、see where it is going. Practice, Practice! Read, write and improve your language skills and you are on your way when you will be able to speak it with more and more confidence！篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍英语口语的重要性，怎么提高英语口语？要多读，多练。1Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AHow to Improve Y
21、our Language SkillsBSpeaking EnglishCHow to Speak English WellDPractice, Practice!答案：C标题判断题。根据第一段第二句“Many people speak it but few speak it really well.Practice is necessary in speaking English well.”及全文内容可知，文章是讲怎么提高英语口语。故选C。2What does the writer suggest about reading?ATrying to improve your vocabula
22、ry. BKeeping on reading when you have time.CStopping when you have a good basis of English.DLooking up every unknown word when reading.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Read whenever you can and whatever you like！”随时阅读，喜欢什么就读什么！可知有时间要不停地阅读。故选B。3The main idea of the last paragraph is that _.Awe should play the pian
23、o every dayBspeaking English is fun and entertainingCif weve learned to read and write, well certainly be able to speakDwe should practice English every day to improve our speaking skills答案：D段落大意题。根据最后一段中的“in order to speak English well, you must be persistent and do it every day”可知，本段作者强调我们应该每天练习英语
24、来提高我们的口语能力。故选D。4According to the passage, what may make the author excited?AReading papers and Internet sites.BHaving a good basis of English.CGoing to an Englishspeaking country.DA native speakers praise.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Nothing can match the excitement and happiness when a native speaker tells
25、you that your English is very good！”讲英语的人称赞你的英语真棒时，这时你是最高兴的，故选D。1increase v. 增加；增长2foundation n. 基础3persistent adj. 执着的；不屈不挠的a good basis of 一个良好的基础B“Long time no see” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friends email, I laughed. I thought it was a perfec
26、t example of Chinglish.Obviously， it is a wordbyword literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a ruled English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a re
27、search on . To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” This sentence has been widely used in emails, letters, newspapers, movies, books, or any other possible places. Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Ironical
28、ly， if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chans movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood movie makers successfully created a world wide famo
29、us Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan likes to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius. “Long time no see” was his trademark. Soon after Charlie Chan, “Long time no see” became a popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of th
30、ese movies.Some scholars refer to America as a huge pot of stew. All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together, and they change the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic (少数民族的成员) group in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the stew! Lan
31、guage is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed stew.You can have some other examples than adoptions (采用) from Chinese, such as pizza from Italian, susi from Japanese, and dj vu from French etc. There is a long list! Americans do not just simply borrow something from others. They will
32、 modify it and make it their own, so you would not be surprised to find a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant, or to buy a bottle of iced Chinese green tea with honey in a grocery store. Since Americans appreciate Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will
33、 become American English in the future. In this way the American stew keeps adding richness and flavor.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从“Long time no see”这句话引发讨论，说明美国英语一直从不同文化中吸取营养。5The writer himself felt surprised at _.Athe Chinglish expression “Long time no see”Bso many literal translation of the expressions use
34、d in AmericaC“Long time no see” used as standard American EnglishDfinding out Americans use the expression every day答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her.”可知作者很惊讶。故选C。6The word “stew” in the 4th paragraph probably me
35、ans “_”AConfucius wordsBmixture cultureCa kind of cooked dishDAmerican changing cultures答案：B词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“All kinds of culture are mixed in the stew together”所有的文化都混合在一起，可知这个单词是混合的文化。故选B。7According to the passage, it can be inferred that _.Adetectives translate the phrase “Long time no see”Bcultures
36、 can be changed in the huge pot of stewCthe huge pot of stew greatly affects all kinds of languagesDHollywood made “Long time no see” popular答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Soon after Charlie Chan，Long time no see became a popular phrase in the real world with thanks to the popularity of these movies.”可知，在陈查理之后
37、不久，由于这些电影的流行，“好久不见”成为现实世界中的一个流行短语。因此是因为好莱坞的电影，这种说法流行了。故选D。1obviously adv. 明显地2convince vt. 使相信；使明白3ironically adv. 讽刺地4scholar n. 学者；奖学金获得者5modify vt. 修改refer to . as . 把称作七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good,
38、most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to a Chinese student, they always say, “My spoken English is poor.” _1_ I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due
39、 to a limited vocabulary. _2_ However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if you choose a positive attitude. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know._3_ Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember
40、that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English, as quickly and as
41、 well as you can, even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesnt matter. _4_ The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive
42、 rather than proactive (主动的) language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. _5_ AThe person you are speaking to will understand you and m
43、ake allowances for any mistakes he hears.BObviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary.CThey may try to avoid making similar mistakes next time.DIf you have this proactive outlook, then you will see English opportunities wherever you go.ESecond, they are afraid of making mistakes.FHowev
44、er, their spoken English does not have to remain “poor”！GThe second reason lies in the reluctance of using what has just been learned.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何提高英语口语水平，作者给出了自己的建议。1F根据空格后“I would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.”作者将给出一些原因来说明口语不好的问题，故此处意
45、思转折来表示他们的口语不必一直很差，故选F。2B根据空格前一句可知，由于词汇量的限制，他们不能找到合适的单词来表达自己，承接上文，故此处应为最好的方法就是扩大词汇量，故选B。3E根据空格后“Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous.”有时候他们犯错误是由于紧张和害羞，所以此处应该是害怕犯错误，故选E。4A根据空格前“even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense, but it doesnt matter”尽管有时候你会用错误的单词或者时态，但是没有关系，故此处为别人会理解你的错误并且会包容你的错误。故选A。5D根据空格前“they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them”有些人被动地等待说英语的机会，所以此处应该是如果你有这种积极的态度，无论你走到哪里，你都会发现机会无处不在，故选D。