1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars课时作业.阅读(2020贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesnt change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”However, a new stud
2、y published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of fau
3、lts (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a
4、way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moons surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，
5、” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum in the US.But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldnt try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isnt anything to worry about. The moon may be s
6、hrinking, but not by much. Its not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and weve done some great science, but there is still a lot we dont know. The moon is shrinkingwe didnt really real
7、ize that until recently. Its a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，值得我们探索。1Which point of view about the moon may the writer agre
8、e to?AIt stays the same as before.BIt is becoming slightly smaller.CIt is getting older and older.DIt has passed away.答案：B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study . shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一项新的发表在自然地球科学上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。2What can we learn about the moon f
9、rom the third paragraph?AIt has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.BIt has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.CIt quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.DIt has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.答案：D细节理解题。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a
10、 hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，自它形成时月球就在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。3Who thinks that we neednt worry about the moon?AZhang Ruoxu.BThomas Watters.CNathan Williams.DThe journalist.答案：B细节理解题。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This is
11、nt anything to worry about . Its not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。4What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?AIt is a dead and boring place.BIt has lots of faults on the surface.CIt is valuable to do more science.DIt isnt a place where we can live.答案：C推理判断题。根据
12、最后一段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science . we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索。据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。【词汇积累】shrink v. 收缩，缩小raisin n. 葡萄干quake n. 地震push up增加；提高；向上推【佳句背诵】Generations have come and passed away; From year to year th
13、e moons look alike, old and new.人生代代无穷已，江月年年望相似。.完形填空Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house. As they were working, a couple of older boys stopped by to 1 .“What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “We are digging a hole all the way through the 2 ，” one of the brothers said
14、 3 . The older boys began to laugh, telling the younger ones that it was 4 . After a long silence, one of the diggers 5 a jar full of spiders and insects. He took away the cover and 6 the wonderful contents to the visitors. Then the other said quietly and confidently, “ 7 we cant dig all the way thr
15、ough the earth, look what we found along the way！”They were far too 8 ， so they continued to dig. And that is what a(n) 9 is forto cause us to move in the direction we have chosen! But not every goal will be fully 10 . Not every love will last. Not every job will be finished 11 . Perhaps you can say
16、, “Look at the 12 things which have come into my life because I 13 to do something.” when you 14 to reach your goal.I believe it is the 15 on the journey, in the end, that truly matters.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过兄弟俩在房后挖洞时有了意外收获的故事告诉我们：成功不是最重要的，真正重要的是我们在奋斗的过程中收获到的快乐。1A.help BwatchClearnDsmile答案：B由下句他们的问话可知
17、，有几个人停下来看(watch)兄弟俩在干什么。故选B。2A.earthBparkCstreetDmountain答案：A根据第一段最后一句中的“all the way through the earth”可知，他们打算在这儿挖一个洞，穿透地球。3A.nervouslyBexcitedlyCsuddenlyDeasily答案：B由空格前的“We are digging .”可知，其中一个兄弟兴奋地(excitedly)说出了自己的打算。4A.terribleBsimpleCimpossibleDdangerous答案：C那些大点儿的男孩们认为挖一个洞穿透地球是根本不可能的(impossible
18、)，所以他们开始嘲笑。5A.gave upBturned upCtook upDpicked up答案：D根据下文内容可知，两兄弟中的一人拿起(picked up)一个装满蜘蛛和昆虫的罐子。故选D。6A.soldBsentCshowedDgave答案：C由空格后的“contents (内容)”可知，两兄弟中的一人揭开盖子，让他们看里面装的东西。故选C。7A.Even ifBAs ifCIn thatDWhat if答案：A句意：兄弟中另外一个说：“即使(even if)我们不能挖穿地球，但是，你看我们从挖掘中找到了什么。”8A.determinedBcarefulCstrongDstrange
19、答案：A根据下文“they continued to dig”可知，他们意志非常坚定(determined)，继续挖下去。9A.planBreasonCgoalDinterest答案：C根据下文中的“to cause us to move in the direction we have chosen”可知，那就是目标(goal)的意义。下文中“But not every goal .”也是提示。10A.setBchangedCrecognizedDachieved答案：D由空格前“But”及其后“Not every love will last.”可知并不是每个目标都会被实现(achieve
20、)。11A.luckilyBsecretlyCsuccessfullyDfreely答案：C根据空格前两句可知，并非每项工作最后都能成功地(successfully)完成。12A.wonderfulBeasyCpopularDnew答案：A联系第一段尾句中“look what we found along the way”可知此处指的是在朝目标前进过程中发现的美好的(wonderful)事物。13A.agreedBtriedCpreparedDlearned答案：Btry to do sth. “尽力/努力做某事”。句意：看看那些因为我努力去做某事而走进我生活中的美好事物。14A.refuse
21、BforgetChateDfail答案：D上文皆是未能(fail)实现目标时所说的话。15A.knowledgeBjoyCcourageDprize答案：B由全文大意可知，最终正是在奋斗过程中得到的快乐(joy)才是最重要的。.七选五(2020成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. He
22、res what you need to know about college majors before you choose.What is a major? 1 Beyond general college requirements, youll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing, such as Chemistry, Literature, or Political Science.How important is my major?The major you choose will neither p
23、redict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college, you will probably need certain courses. 2 When do I choose a major?This varies widely across schools and programs. 3 Others
24、 require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class. 4 Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However, keep this in mind: every major has necessary coursework. If you cha
25、nge your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.What are minors and double majors?If one field of study doesnt satisfy your intellectual appetite, consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that its an area of academic concentration. 5 A dou
26、ble major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.ACan I change my mind?BIs my major timeconsuming?CIts your specialized area of study in college.DMost
27、 students find one major is more than enough.ESome schools may give you one year or more to decide.FMany future science doctors major in nonscience related fields.GThe only difference is that it doesnt require as many classes.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大学选专业前应了解的几个方面，包括专业是什么，专业的重要程度，选专业的时间，是否能换专业以及什么是辅修课程和双
28、学位等。1C根据该段的标题可知，设空处应是对标题的问题作出回答，故C项“它是大学里你学习的专业领域”符合语境。2F该段主要谈到专业并非那么重要。设空前一句谈到“如果你打算在大学毕业后获得专业学位，你可能需要某些课程”，由此可推知，F项承接上文，再次说明专业并非那么重要。故F项符合语境。3E根据设空后的“Others require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.”可知，其他的学校要求你第一次走进教室就决定你选择的专业，设空处应是说明一些学校的做法，故E项“一些
29、学校可能给你一年或更多的时间决定”符合语境。4A由该段中的“Definitely” “If you change your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.”可知，该段应是谈到可不可以改变主意，换专业，故选A项。5G设空前一句谈到辅修与主修的相似之处，空处应是讲两者的不同之处，故G项“唯一不同的是，辅修不需要那么多的课程”符合语境。.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。A fe
30、w years ago I worked in an international company that sold computer devices. I had to travel a lot over the country as a part of my work. I remember that I was at a stage of my life where I only cared about how to make more money.On one of my trips, I came to the airport to take a bus to downtown, a
31、s usual. It was the same routine: get into the city, take the bus to the hotel, visit the customer, work late, take the bus back to the airport and fly back . That day, for some reasons, I decided to take the stairs down to a different exit, where I came across a beautiful garden I had never seen be
32、fore. I waited there, enjoying the scenery. Finally the bus came.Usually I always took the seat behind the driver. That day I sat down somewhere in the middle. A boy was seated next to me, carrying a lot of suitcases. Suddenly, he turned to me and gave me one of the most sincere smiles I had ever se
33、en from a stranger. Warmly, he said, “Hi, the perfect day in the perfect place, huh？”I remember thinking to myselfthis must be one of those typical people who are young and naive and just thinks everything is beautiful and easy. Why was he annoying me when I just wanted to enjoy the bus ride? But ou
34、t of politeness, I replied, “Perfect! Did your parents pay for you to have some vacations on the beach？” “No, Im not here for vacation, and I dont have parents，” He shook his head, “Im here because I want to achieve my biggest dream. Im on the way to the army school where my grandfather studied a lo
35、ng time ago.”“I lost my dad 10 years ago then my mom married again. My stepfather . He smiled and told me he had only one thing on his mind. That was to . 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。有一段时间作者只关心怎样挣更多的钱。一次他在出差途中遇到一个小男孩，小男孩的经历给作者带来怎样的启示呢？精彩范文“I lost my dad 10 years ago then my mom married again. My stepfather threw
36、me out of the house. Since then, Ive been living all over the country. Ive met many people who were kind to me. And Ive learnt a lot from life through these years，” he said softly. At that point I couldnt say a word. I felt the tears coming. Fortunately, he continued talking.He smiled and told me he
37、 had only one thing on his mind. That was to join the army school like his grandfather. “My grandpa was a general of the army. He left me this.” he said proudly. He showed me a golden knife and said this was the best memory of his childhood. “The only thing I know is that I will follow my dream and every day I will be happy.” Soon, the bus reached his stop; he stood up, took all his suitcases, and said goodbye with a big smile. From that day on, I always try to do everything with my best smile on my face.