1、Section B Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking学习目标1、学会本节单词、短语。2、掌握动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语。 语法解析Grammar:动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger (stand) in front of the house.2、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, h
2、ear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to + sb.+ doing sth.（doing作宾补）I felt somebody (talk) behind me.I heard a girl (cry) in the dark.I noticed a thief (steal) on the bus.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave +sb./ sth. + doing sth. (doing作宾补）使某人做某事We kept the f
3、ire (burn) all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you (run) about in the room.我不会让你在房间里跑来跑去。He kept her (wait) understairs the whole day. 他让她在楼下等了一整天。3、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： We heard the telephone ringing.We heard the telephone ring.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。动词-ing形式作状语动词
4、的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。（= After we have made full preparation.） 2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday
5、. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill.） 3表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。（= . and broke it into pieces.） 4表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。（= If you work hard at your less
6、ons.） 5表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car. 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。（= Though he worked hard as he did.） 6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（= .and stared at the sky for a long time） 注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如提供的动词不能与句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须拥有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。例如：Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting 的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match）