1、Unit 4Learning about Language. 用强调句型改写句子1. The sun gives us light and heat. (强调主语)It is the sun that gives us light and heat. 2. My father went to Guangzhou last year. (强调时间状语)It was last year that my father went to Guangzhou. 3. We dont realize its value until we lose our health. (强调not. . . until.
2、 . . )It is not until we lose our health that we realize its value. 4. The students often have a meeting in the hall. (强调地点状语)It is in the hall that the students often have a meeting. 5. I managed to collect some information from the Internet. (强调状语)It was from the Internet that I managed to collect
3、 some information. 6. The mountain climbers were rescued with the help of the local guide. (强调状语)It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climbers were rescued. 7. No worker and no engineer knows who is to blame for the explosion of the chemical factory. (强调who)No worker and no engi
4、neer knows who it is that is to blame for the explosion of the chemical factory. 8. Who saved the drowning girl? (强调主语)Who was it that saved the drowning girl? 9. I just wonder what makes him so excited. (强调what)I just wonder what it is that makes him so excited. 10. Where should you start? (强调where
5、)Where was it that you should start? . 单句语法填空1. It was two days later that I received his gift for my birthday. 2. How long will it be before the computer company puts forward a new product? 3. It is a long time since I graduated from college. 4. It is (be) Mary and Joe who are going to organize the
6、 camping next week. 5. It was only when I reread the poem recently that I began to appreciate the beauty. 6. Is there a time when the computer was used for free? 7. I consider it no use quarrelling with him about it. 8. It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or who you
7、 are. 9. It wont be long before a photograph show is held here. 10. We think it is your brother who is(be) responsible for the accident. . 阅读理解From the loss of wildlife to the rising sea levels, we humans are well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. While it seems that such issues
8、 wont affect most of us directly, it looks that future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate. According to a report published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the climate changes in the regions that produce cacaothe plan
9、t from which chocolate is producedmay mean that cacao will soon become extinct. Most of the worlds cacao grows in countries which are close to the equator, with over half of it growing in African nations like Ghana and Ivory Coast. Its predicted that by the year of 2050, climate change will have acc
10、elerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. However, the problem doesnt exist in increased heat, but in lower humidity (湿度), as its believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises. “In other words
11、, with higher temperatures squeezing more and more water out of soil and plants, its unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss, ” noted Mitchell Ron, the reports author. To help solve this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on chan
12、ging the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in drier conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News. Meanwhile, US company Mars, one of the worlds biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects
13、of climate change. “This is a worldwide issue, and it requires everyone to work together, ” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider. The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if were unlucky, chocolate will
14、become a thing of the past. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。随着全球气候变暖, 用来生产巧克力的可可树面临着越来越艰难的生存环境, 甚至有灭绝的危险。来自美国伯克利大学的研究人员和玛氏公司正采取措施解决这一问题。1. What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future? A. The increased heat there. B. The higher humidity there. C. The decrease in rainfall there. D. Th
15、e moisture loss in the soil there. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段及第七段可知, 世界上大部分可可树生长在靠近赤道的国家。随着温度的不断上升, 土壤和植物中的水分会越来越少, 而降雨量的增加不足以弥补土壤中水量的损失。由此可以推知, 将来赤道附近可可树生长艰难的原因是土壤中含水量的损失。故选D。2. What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean? A. hold backB. make up forC. protectD. accept【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根
16、据第七段可知, 随着温度的不断上升, 土壤和植物中的水分会越来越少, 而降雨量的增加不足以弥补土壤中含水量的损失。所以画线词的意思是“弥补”。故选B。3. What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive? A. It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses. B. It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao. C. It will give financial support to help fight climate ch
17、ange. D. It will develop cacao that can survive in drier conditions. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段内容可知, 为减少气候变化的影响, 美国的玛氏公司计划给予资金支持。故选C。4. What may be the best title of this text? A. Chocolate Could Become HistoryB. Work Together to Fight Climate ChangeC. How We Grow Cacao in the FutureD. How Cacao Plants Af
18、fect Climate Change【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文主要讲述随着全球气候变暖, 用来生产巧克力的可可树面临着越来越艰难的生存环境, 甚至有灭绝的危险。再结合最后一段Or if were unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past. 如果我们不幸运, 巧克力会成为历史。故A项概括了本文的主题。. 完形填空 Most people agree that cars are very important for us. Over the last few decades the significance (重要性) of pri
19、vate transportation has steadily 1. In this essay, Im going to discuss what has 2 the high number of cars we are now seeing on our roads and some of the 3. The aspects Im going to 4 are road design, safety and pollution. First of all, I would like to consider whether there are too many cars or not e
20、nough 5. Many towns and cities seem to be crowded with cars, but this may be due to the 6 of many city streets. They really do need to be widened so cars can 7 more easily and large vehicles such as trucks can transport goods more 8 on them. Another 9 for thinking that there are too many cars is the
21、 large number of accidents caused by them. Theres no doubt that if we had 10 cars, fewer people would be injured or killed on our roads. But 11 to the environment is for many people by far the most important evidence that there is too much traffic on our roads. The effects are 12 : Carbon monoxide a
22、nd other 13 chemicals produced by cars cause respiratory(呼吸的) diseases and other health problems for people. Noise and smells from cars also make our towns and cities 14 to live and work in. Pollutants are 15 our climate, causing extreme weather, which is affecting all our lives. Therefore, I believ
23、e strongly that we must 16 the number of cars in our cities. 17 most of us love our cars and the nature of modern life increases our 18 on them, we should do our best to use public transportation more often 19. We must do all we can to find a(n) 20 solution to our cities traffic problem. 【文章大意】本文是议论
24、文。文章探讨了减少车辆使用的必要性。1. A. fallenB. increased C. hiddenD. returned【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。由上文的“Most people agree that cars are very important for us”可知, 过去的几十年, 私家车的重要性稳步“增长(increased)”。2. A. caused B. limitedC. pushed D. shared【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由下文三段分析道路设计、交通安全和车辆对环境的影响可知, 作者在本文探讨了“导致(caused)”马路上的车辆增多的原因及其所带来的后果。3. A
25、. advantagesB. purposesC. functions D. consequences【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文三段分析道路设计、交通安全和车辆对环境的影响可知, 作者在本文探讨了导致马路上的车辆增多的原因及其所带来的“后果(consequences)”。4. A. rely onB. accept C. focus onD. remember【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由下文三段内容可知, 作者的探讨“集中在(focus on)”道路设计、交通安全和污染这三个方面。5. A. drivers B. roadsC. vehiclesD. goods【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。
26、由下文的“Many towns and cities seem to be crowded with cars. . . need to be widened”可知, 如今大多数城市道路拥挤, 因此作者首先考虑的是到底是车太多了还是“路(roads)”修得不够多。6. A. number B. importance C. qualityD. narrowness【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文的“They really do need to be widened”可知, 作者认为城市道路拥挤可能是因为大多数城市街道“窄(narrowness)”。7. A. come across B. run
27、 over C. move inD. get through【解析】选D。背景常识题。道路变宽可以让小轿车更容易“通行(get through)”, 大型车辆如卡车等可以更加有效地运送货物。8. A. formallyB. naturally C. effectivelyD. regularly【解析】选C。词语辨析题。道路变宽可以让小轿车更容易通行, 大型车辆如卡车等可以更加“有效地(effectively)”运送货物。9. A. reason B. goal C. excuseD. rule【解析】选A。词语辨析题。作者认为导致大量事故发生的另一个“原因(reason)”是车辆太多。10.
28、 A. smaller B. fewerC. saferD. cheaper【解析】选B。背景常识题。毫无疑问, 车“越少(fewer)”, 因车祸受伤或者死亡的人就会越少。11. A. access B. warningC. damageD. attention【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由下文的“Carbon monoxide, Noise and smells, Pollutants”可知, 车辆太多给环境带来“危害(damage)”。12. A. various B. mysteriousC. seriousD. ridiculous【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由下文的“cause res
29、piratory diseases and other health problems. . . causing extreme weather”可知, 车辆太多给环境带来的危害, 其后果很“严重(serious)”。13. A. unfairB. harmfulC. normal D. doubtful【解析】选B。背景常识题。汽车产生的一氧化碳和其他“有害的(harmful)”物质引起了人类呼吸疾病以及其他健康问题。14. A. unfamiliarB. unpleasant C. uncommon D. unnecessary【解析】选B。词语辨析题。车辆产生的噪音和尾气使得城市“不适于
30、(unpleasant)”人类居住和工作。15. A. improvingB. creatingC. dryingD. changing【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由causing extreme weather可知, 汽车产生的污染物正在“改变(changing)”气候。16. A. divide B. continueC. reduce D. develop【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由上文作者探讨的三个方面可知, 他认为必须“减少(reduce)”汽车数量。17. A. IfB. BecauseC. OnceD. Although【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。 “人们喜欢汽车”和“尽量多乘坐公共
31、交通工具”之间是让步关系, 故选Although。18. A. impression B. dependence C. influence D. judgment【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。由上文的cars are very important for us可知, 现代生活增加了人们对汽车的“依赖(dependence)”。19. A. againB. tooC. instead D. later【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由上文作者的分析可知, 他建议人们乘坐公共交通工具“替代(instead)”开车出行。20. A. short-termB. time-saving C. ready-made
32、D. environment-friendly【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由第五段作者分析车辆太多对环境造成危害可知, 他建议我们要寻找一个“对环境有利的(environment-friendly)”方法来解决城市交通问题。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处, 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词; 2. 只允
33、许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。English is very important for us, so many students dont know what to learn it well. Many students even show no interest to it. Two years ago, my English was poor and I dont know what to do. My teacher knew I loved the music very much, so she suggested that I listened to a lot o
34、f English songs. I followed her advices. Later, I fell in love with English. In order to better understanding the songs, I started learning English hard. Now I can speak English fluent. If you also want learn English well, you can listen to some English songs, too. 【文章大意】本文为记叙文。作者通过自己的经历建议读者通过听歌学好英语
35、。1. 【解析】第一句: so 改为but。句意: 英语对我们来说很重要, 但是很多学生不知道该如何学好它。分析前后两句可知是转折关系, 而非因果关系。2. 【解析】第一句: what 改为how。分析句子many students dont know what to learn it well 可知, what to learn it well中的learn有宾语it, 不缺少宾语, 只缺少状语。可知是不知如何学, 而不是学什么, 故把what 改为how。3. 【解析】第二句: to改为in。“对感兴趣”为固定搭配, 可译为“be interested in. . . ”, 所以把 to改
36、为in 。4. 【解析】第三句: dont 改为didnt。本句叙述的两年前Two years ago的事及was poor的时态, 可知, 本句为一般过去时, 故把dont 改为didnt 。5. 【解析】第四句: 去掉the。这里的music不是特指哪种音乐, 是泛指关系。因此要去掉the。6. 【解析】第四句: listened 改为listen。分析句子可知, 本句中的suggest 为“建议”, 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气, 用should +动词原形。其中的should可省略, 所以本句中要用动词原形listen。因此listened 要改为listen。7. 【解析】第五句: a
37、dvices 改为advice。advice意为“建议”, 为不可数名词, 没有复数形式, 故把advices 改为advice。8. 【解析】第七句: understanding 改为understand。In order to do. . . 为固定搭配, 表示目的, 后面要用动词不定式。所以要用动词原形。9. 【解析】第八句: fluent 改为fluently。分析句子可知, 本句中的形容词fluent在句中作状语, 修饰动词speak, 修饰动词一般用副词, 故把第八句中的fluent 改为fluently。10. 【解析】第九句: want 后加to。want to do sth. 为固定用法, 意为“想做某事, 要做某事”, 因此在want 后加to。