1、2013高考英语二轮（阅读理解）指导与训练-六字真诀（01）及答案高考英语阅读理解-六字真诀（01）得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读战略一直都是各类英语考试备考之主打策略，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。在长期的教学中，我总结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，不少学生从中受益；很大一部分同学按此思路去运作解题，正确率大大提高，阅读理解零失误的同学也大有人在。现一一阐释，条分缕析，以飨读者。 一、重“重”“重文本”。读懂文章最重要。文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，
2、让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。但是，快速读懂一篇文章却非易事，需要进行大量的阅读习练。高超的阅读真功夫有赖良好的阅读习惯的培养。既要读得快，又要读得懂，良好的阅读习惯是保障。1、阅读的不良习惯要养成良好的阅读习惯，首先要克服阅读的不良习惯。下面我列举了一些常见的阅读不良习惯，对号入座，看你有否。心译：读一句心译一句，句句必须借助汉语译文方能理解；指读：阅读时总是用指头或笔尖等指着句子，边移边读；逐字逐句：一字一句，字字重视，句句关心，生怕漏掉一个单词，眉毛胡子一把抓；见生即查：阅读时欲将生词各个击破，完全扫清阅读障碍，认为只要没有生词，便可洞悉文章；出声：
3、阅读时发出声音，全篇诵读，字字句句，丝毫不拉；唇读：阅读时虽没有发出声音，但唇随句变，词带舌移，只是声带未颤，声音未出；默读：没有出声，也没有唇动舌移，但目光、意识仍在逐句念诵。以上不良习惯要么会打断阅读思维的连贯性，要么会破坏对文本的整体理解，而它们最大的害处就是降低了阅读速度。拿高考来说，共有五篇文章，合理的时间分配是35分钟，再分配到每一篇就只有7分钟了（当然考生可以根据文章难易稍做调整）；可就我的教学经验，罕有学生在35分钟内高质量完成五篇文章；有的同学用了50分钟，有的多达一个小时，还不算上复查的时间。常听到同学抱怨“其实试题并不难，只是时间不够”，这正是阅读的不良习惯使然。2、以意
4、群为单位，成组视读分清意群，停顿娴熟，不仅是朗诵的关键，更是阅读的基本素质。英语阅读时是以意群为单位，而非以单词或词组为单位。成组视读是说用眼睛扫视，不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是向探照灯一样根据意群，一组组的进行扫视，这时额头成了一个通道，被收纳的是信息，而不是词汇。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读不能够习得。3、首尾在心，紧扣中心任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章
5、的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说，文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。4、学会跳读，心中有图阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直观化、形象化、具体化。5、善于猜测词义各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗
6、示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。*结束 （*） Life is difficult. It is a great truth because once we truly understand and
7、 accept it. Then life is no longer difficult. Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent (代表) a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families
8、, their class, or even their nation. What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physi
9、cal pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the
10、 growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and work- ing out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, Those things that hurt, instruct. It is for this reason that
11、wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems. 1. From the passage, it can be inferred that_. A. everybody has problems B. we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain D. people like to complain: about thei
12、r problems 答案: B 指导：全文主要讲述有人抱怨生活的艰难，作者也承认生活是艰难的，然而正是这艰难的解决问题的过程使生活更有意义，所以文中最后一段第三行When we desire to encourage the growth“human spirit，we encourage the human ability to solveproblems，故此B为最佳选项。2. The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to_. A. save space R persuade read
13、ers C. make readers laugh D. get readers attention 答案: D 指导：写文章的目的就是解决问题，本文首先开门见山地点出问题，显然是为了吸引读者的注意力，而不是其他选项。3. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that_. A. most people feel life is easy B. the writer feels life is easy C. the writer likes to complain about his problems D. most people complain about ho
14、w hard their lives are 答案: D 指导：由第三段第一句和第二句可知第三段的主要意思是“人们经常抱怨生活多么艰辛”。4. According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to_. A. encourage them to learn B. teach them to fear the pain of solving the problem C. help them learn to deal with pain D. teach them how
15、to respect from problems 答案: A 指导：由文章倒数第四句we encourage the human ability to solve problems，justasin school we set problems for our childrentosolve可知A为最佳选项。5. The saying from Benjamin Franklin Those things that hurt,instruct suggests that_. A. we do not learn from experience B. we do not learn when we are in pain C. pain teaches us important lessons D. pain cannot be avoided答案: C 指导：由文中It is through the para of meeting and working out problems that we learn可知答案为C，意思是”正是通过解决问题的痛苦，我们学到了知识”。*结束