1、课时提能练(四十) 选修8Unit 5Meeting your ancestorsA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)Qian Xuesen is the founder of Chinas space science. Chinas first missile was designed in his 1messy (mess) and shabby workroom in the Gobi Desert. To obtain correct 2analysis (analyze) results, he and his partners spent many sleepless nig
2、hts. When the 3accuracy (accurate) of the instruments could not be guaranteed, he himself invented new ones. Sometimes, he put forward bold 4assumptions (assume) to help overcome tough problems. The missile was produced after they handled various problems 5skillfully (skillful). People celebrated th
3、e successful launch of the first missile with a storm of 6applause (applaud). The “two bombs and one satellite” are of historical 7significance (significant) to China, marking a 8division (divide) of a new era. B(考查动词)The Pwn2Own 2016 hacking contest (黑客大赛) took place in Vancouver. The players displ
4、ayed their skills to the fullest. All my attention 9was arrested (arrest) by the No.23 player, who took the lead soon after the contest started. Suddenly he 10was interrupted (interrupt), and it seemed that he met a tough problem. 11Spitting (spit) out the chewing gum, he became more devoted to stud
5、ying the programs. After 12deleting (delete) some puzzling instructions, he managed 13to accelerate (accelerate) the progress. The audience burst out 14applauding (applaud) when he was the first to finish the breaking. 15Assuming (assume) that you are interested in hacking, you might as well try you
6、r hand at Pwn2Own next time after 16sharpening (sharpen) your skills.C(考查句型)China, 17as is shown by statistics, is making rapid progress in terms of economic growth. 18Having opened (open) its door to the outside world, it has quickly accumulated a great deal of wealth. The daily living necessities
7、are becoming abundant. Gone are the days when a customer waited in line for hours only 19to be told (tell) by the shop assistant that what she wanted to buy was sold out or not in stock. Of course in came some negative things following the openup. I remember my fellow guys 20swimming (swim) happily
8、in the river near our school, but it is now badly polluted. If only we 21had made(make) more strict rules and regulations at the start of the openup.根据提示补全句子 1他脸上的表情表明他很忧伤。The expression on his face suggested that he was sad2你昨晚一定睡得很晚。你的眼睛都布满了血丝。You must have gone to bed late last night.Your eyes ar
9、e red.3正如每个人所知道的那样，汤姆通过了测试。As everybody knows/As is known to everybody，Tom has passed the test.4她当时要是征求了老师的意见就好了！If only she had asked for her teachers advice!5他匆匆忙忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经飞走了。He hurried to the airport，only to be told that the plane had left.B：能力层面.阅读理解AThe remains of an ancient ape (猿) found
10、 in a Bavarian clay site recently caught peoples eye.According to scientists，they may renew peoples opinion on when humans ancestors began standing upright.An international team of researchers said the fossilized skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany
11、bore a striking resemblance (相似之处) to modern human bones.In a paper published by the journal Nature，they concluded that the previously unknown species named Danuvius guggenmosi could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.The findings “raise fundamental questions about our previous understandin
12、g of the evolution of the great apes and humans，” said Madelaine Boehme，who led the research.The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans.Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move found
13、in Crete and Kenya dated only as far back as 6 million years.These apes are called Toumai.Boehme，along with researchers from Bulgaria，Canada and the United States，examined more than 15，000 bones recovered from the archaeological remains.Among the remains they were able to piece together primate (灵长目
14、动物) fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago.The most complete，an adult male，likely stood about 1 meter tall，weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to modernday bonobos，a species of the chimpanzee.Like humans，Danuvius had an Sshaped backbone to hold its body upright
15、while standing.Unlike humans，though，it had a powerful big toe that would have allowed it to grab branches with its foot easily.Fred Spoor，a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London，called the fossil finds “fantastic” but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others，not least
16、 because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了科学家新发现的古猿遗骨的相关情况，并指出这可能会刷新人们关于何时人类的祖先开始直立的观点。1Where did the scientists find the bones?AGermany.BBulgaria.CKenya.DBrazil.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the fossilized skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now s
17、outhern Germany”可知，科学家在德国发现了古猿遗骨，故选A。2What can we infer about Danuvius?AIt could make Sshaped tools.BIt was a species of the chimpanzee.CIt lived in Crete and Kenya.DIt existed much earlier than Toumai.D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Previous fossil records of apes with an upright movefound in Crete and Kenyadated o
18、nly as far back as 6 million years.These apes are called Toumai”和第五段中的“Among the remains they were able to piece together primate(灵长目动物)fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago”可推知，Danuvius生活的时期比Toumai早得多，故选D。3How does Spoor feel about the finding?AIt offers further s
19、upport for the theory of evolution.BIt may cause much debate.CIt is a fantastic finding.DIt denies the previous ideas.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they would likely be denied or suspected by others”可推知，Spoor认为这项发现可能会引起很多争议，故选B。4Which of the following would be the best title for the text?AThe Secrets Revealed fro
20、m FossilsBLegend of Humans AncestorsCFindings Against the Theory of EvolutionDThe Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found in a Bavarian Clay SiteD标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一项考古发现，通读全文内容可知，第一段概括了全文的主要内容，由此可知，D项最适合作本篇文章的标题。BAn argument is an exchange of views between people who do not agree with each other.Some argume
21、nts turn into angry quarrels.Suppose，a friend borrowed your car and left it full of fast food rubbish.What if you dealt with the situation this way：YOU: Why did you leave all that trash in my car? Its an absolute mess，and Im tired of you always being so inconsiderate.FRIEND: Look whos talking.Youre
22、such a slob (邋遢鬼)that I didnt think youd notice.How did a minor incident turn into such an unpleasant exchange? You were angry and feeling as though your kindness was being abused.So instead of talking with your friend，you yelled at him.“Why did you” was a challenge.Thats why your friend immediately
23、 went on the defensive and yelled back.Now the argument is over.In fact，you dont feel satisfied with the fact that youve told him off! In the heat of the moment，he said something that hurts your feelings.And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said.How can you avoid such situations? Learn to argu
24、e in a better way.Try something like this：YOU: I dont like it when you leave trash in my car.It makes me feel like you dont respect me.FRIEND: Youre right.It was very inconsiderate.I wont do it again.Before speaking，take a deep breath and get control of your anger.The words you use will let your fri
25、end know specifically what is bothering you and most importantly，treat him with respect.So he will respond in the same way.Also notice that begin the argument with the pronoun “I”An argument beginning with“You did.” is generally a challenge.What usually follows is criticism or an insult.And it goes
26、downhill fast from there.Using “I” in arguments wont eliminate all disagreements，but it can certainly cut down on the yelling.【语篇解读】本文以一个例子为主线，介绍了在争论中应学会使用代词“我”。这虽不能消除所有的分歧，但它确实可以减少争吵，使交流更顺畅。5How may you feel after an unpleasant argument with your friend?ADissatisfied and regretful.BStill wanting to
27、 argue.CSatisfied with the yell.DChallenged by the argument.A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“you dont feel satisfied” “And perhaps you didnt really mean what you said”可推知，在与朋友发生不愉快的争论后，你可能会不高兴并后悔。故选A。6Which can probably replace the underlined phrase “In the heat of the moment”？AWhen it was hot outside.BWhen the talk
28、became exciting.CWhen the argument got emotional.DWhen your friend was warmer than ever.C推理判断题。根据画线部分后的“he said something that hurts your feelings”可知，他说了一些伤害你感情的话。并结合语境可推知，画线短语的含义与C项“当争论变得情绪化时”意思相符。故选C。7Which sentence might be used in an “I” argument?AYou are making me feel bad.BWhats the matter wit
29、h you?CWhat on earth are you telling me?DIt makes me feel bad when hearing that.D推理判断题。根据第六段中的“It makes me feel like you dont respect me”以及最后两段的内容可知，D项符合题意。8What is the text mainly about?AWinning arguments with other people.BMaking sure that people do what you want.CUsing the “I” method to communica
30、te better.DAvoiding having disagreement with friends.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，最后一段“UsingI in arguments.cut down on the yelling”为全文的中心句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文通过一个例子介绍了在争论中使用代词“我”会使交流更顺畅。故选C。.阅读七选五Easy Ways to Give Yourself a Fresh StartIt doesnt need to be complicated or challenging to turn a fresh page on each new day
31、.Whenever we mark a new year by turning the calendar，returning to school or celebrating a holiday we are looking for a fresh start. 1 But how? Here are some easy ways to connect with that feeling of starting fresh，whether its a new year or simply a new day in our life. 2 This means you have realized
32、 what serves your life now and what can stay in your past.Or invest in a new pen and a new notebook.Having fresh supplies can simulate even the common task of creating your todo list.Moreover，you can learn something new by opening a book youve been expecting to read，searching a question thats been i
33、n your mind，enrolling in a class that motivates your interest.Of course you can simply ask a friend for a fresh idea about an issue. 3 .Take a break from technology for an hour，a day，or a week. 4 You should be able to put some space between yourself and digital devices.One reason why we sometimes st
34、ruggle to start fresh is that you get stuck with reflecting on worrisome thoughts about the past，the present or even the future. 5 Allow these thoughts into your day only at a brief (30 minutes or less )，specific time.The rest of the time，focus on what you are doing thats new and positive.How do you
35、 give yourself that“fresh start”feeling?AElectronic products might not be serving you best.BNewness or freshness can guide us on a positive path.CLimit your daily “worry time” and make an appointment with yourself.DAll of us enjoy newness，but what is it that leads to a sense of freshness?ERealizing
36、your past mistakes，you should move forward with enthusiasm.FIncreasing your knowledge on any topic means taking your mind into a fresh area.GFirst，even letting go of a single box or bag of items can give you a refreshing sense.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几种给自己一个全新的开始的方法。1B根据语境可知，本空是一个过渡句。由空前一句中的人们寻找一个全新的开始和下文要提供全新
37、开始的方法的表述可知，该句讲的应是全新开始的好处，所以选B选项。2G根据空后一句中的“have realized what serves your life now and what can stay in your past”可知，G项中的“letting go”和“give you a refreshing sense”与之呼应，所以选G选项。3F本段主要讲了学习一些新知识的途径，F项“增长关于任何话题的知识意味着将你的思想带到一个新的领域”是对本段的总结，所以选F选项。4A本空的前后句讲到了科技和电子设备，本句应该也是与科技或电子设备相关的内容，所以选A选项。5C本空是一个过渡句。空前一
38、句中提到了“worrisome thoughts”，空后一句提到“Allow these thoughts.specific time”，所以本句讲的应该是与担忧时间相关的内容，C选项中的“worry time”与之呼应，所以选C选项。.语法填空Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture.Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven，while the other end is square which symbolizes e
39、arth.This is because keeping enough food is 1_ (great) concern than anything else.It is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks.Here are some customs 2_(associate) with chopsticks in China.Playing with chopsticks
40、 3_ (consider) bad manners.And chopsticks should not be placed 4_(vertical) in a bowl of rice or other food.Any sticklike object pointing upward 5_(resemble) the incense(香) sticks that people use 6_ offerings to their dead family members.It is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 7_edge of ones bow
41、l，because in ancient China beggars often made this noise 8_(attract) attention.In Chinese，“chopsticks”read “kuai zi”，which means “to have sons soon”，so a newlymarried couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as 9_(they) wedding gift.10_has already been found out is that using chopsticks improv
42、es ones memory，increases finger dexterity (灵巧) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting.【语篇解读】文章介绍了筷子的特征以及围绕筷子形成的一些习俗。1greater考查形容词的比较级。根据下文中的“than”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级形式。2associated考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用过去分词短语“associated with chopsticks”作定语，修饰
43、“customs”。3is considered考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；该句为动名词短语“Playing with chopsticks”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；且此处表示玩筷子被看作是不礼貌的行为，故应用被动语态。4vertically考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词要用副词，故填vertically。5resembles考查时态和主谓一致。此处为客观性描述，应用一般现在时；本句为含有“that”引导的定语从句的主从复合句，其中主句的主语是“Any sticklike object pointing upward”，是单数，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
44、6as考查介词。“as”在这里用作介词，意为“作为”。7the考查冠词。此处特指后面的“bowl”(碗)的边缘，故填定冠词。8to attract考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式短语“to attract”作目的状语。9their考查代词。此处的“wedding gift”与上文提到的“a newlymarried couple”为所属关系，故填their。10What考查主语从句。此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“的事物”，故用What来引导该从句。.应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，得知北京2022年冬奥会正在招募志愿者，请写一封申请信，内容包括：1表达兴趣；2自身优势(精通英
45、语)；3希望获准。注意：1词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_参考范文To whom it may concern，My name is Li Hua. I am keen to do some voluntary work for the 2022 Winter Olympics. So I am writing to apply to be a volunteer.I am active and outgoing, which can be a great help for voluntary work. Besides, I am familiar with how to
46、perform my duty. Most important of all, I have a good command of English. I would appreciate it if you could give me a chance and I do hope I can be accepted as a member of volunteers.Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua.读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Brownie and Harry were neighbor
47、dogs in Stowe，a beautiful and peaceful town in Lamoille County，Vermont，United States，who met every day to play together，running after each other joyfully.Like pairs of dogs you can find in most any neighborhood，these two loved each other and played together so often that they had worn a path through
48、 the grass of the field between their respective houses.One evening，Brownies family noticed that Brownie hadnt returned home as usual.They went looking for him with no success.Brownie still didnt show up the next day，and，despite their efforts to find him，by the next week he was still missing.Curious
49、ly，the other dog，Harry，showed up at Brownies house alone one day.He barked，jumped and pestered(纠缠) Brownies human family，showing that he was filled with anxiety.Busy with their own lives，the family just ignored the nervous little neighbor dog and decided to let the missing dog go.Harry refused to ta
50、ke “no” for an answer.Ted，Brownies owner，was steadily disturbed by the angry，determined little dog.One morning Harry followed Ted about，barking more insistently，then rushing toward a nearby empty lot and back，as if to say，“Follow me，please! Its very urgent！”Eventually，Ted went after the mad Harry ac
51、ross the empty lot as Harry paused to race back and bark encouragingly.The little dog led the man under a tree，past some tree jungles，to a lonely spot a half mile from the house.There Ted found his beloved Brownie，and he was alive，with one of his front legs falling into a steel trap.At that moment，T
52、ed understood the strange behavior of Harry.Feeling regretful，Ted now wished he had taken Harrys earlier appeals seriously.However，Harry had done more than simply led Brownies human owner to his trapped friend.Ted noticed something quite remarkable before him and was shocked that the amount of love
53、that the dog has for his partner could be so outstanding.注意：1续写词数应为150左右；2请按如下格式作答。In a circle around the injured dog，there were some remains of meals._Brownie was saved and taken home by his owner Ted._【参考范文】In a circle around the injured dog，there were some remains of meals.It turned out that Harr
54、y had been visiting Brownie regularly in order to keep his friend alive.Every day Harry took half of his dog food here to Brownie.Harry tried his best to beg the owner to ask for more leftovers and then he came out with the food.Each night Harry stayed with Brownie to protect him from other meateati
55、ng animals，leaning close to Brownie to keep him warm and encourage him to keep his spirits up.Brownie was saved and taken home by his owner Ted.His front leg was treated by an animal surgeon.He was attended so carefully and very soon he recovered.Every day Harry came to see him and played with him happily.For many years thereafter，the two families still watched the faithful friends having fun and chasing each other down that wellworn path between their houses.The two dogs not only set up their own friendship but also made the two families harmonious and close together.