1、选修六Module 5Cloning.阅读理解A(2021河南省九师联盟质检)As spring advances across the Midwest, a new study looking at blooming(盛开的) flowers suggests nonnative plants might live longer than native plants due to climate change.The studyled by researchers at Indiana University and Michigan State Universityhas shown war
2、ming temperatures affect native and nonnative flowering plants differently, which could change the look of local place over time. “When a plant flowers determines whether it will be pollinated(授粉) by bees or other insects and how much time it will have to produce seeds. Our data makes me worry that
3、we will have a very weedy world in our future，” said the studys lead author Jen Lau, an associate professor in Indiana University.The researchers findings suggest nonnative plants may be better at shifting their flowering time compared to native plants. These differences are thought to influence a p
4、lants success both now and in future warmer environments.Lau and her students simulated(模拟) global warming in fields planted with 45 native and nonnative plants. Some areas were warmed by infrared (红外线的) heaters, while other areas were not. Laus lab surveyed all plants to determine when they first f
5、lowered and how long they flowered.When plants were grown in warmed plots simulating the climate change expected in the Midwest by the end of the century, the researchers found that nonnative plants flowered more than 11 days earlier on average. In contrast, native plants didnt change flowering time
6、s at all when warmed.They also found earlierflowering nonnative plants had greater geographic spread, suggesting that flowering earlier may help promote successful occupation across large areas.The findings suggest important differences in how native and nonnative plants respond to climate change.文章
7、大意：本文是一篇科普说明文。一项新的研究发现，本土植物比非本土植物更易受气候变化的影响。1What does the new study find about native plants compared with nonnatives？ D AThey may have a longer life cycle.BThey are likely to have more flowers.CThey are more adaptable to climate change.DThey may be at greater risk from climate change.解析：细节理解题。根据第一
8、段“.a new study looking at blooming(盛开的)flowers suggests nonnative plants might live longer than native plants due to climate change.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，气候变化给本土植物带来的危险更大。故选D。2What do Jen Laus words in paragraph 2 suggest？ C AShes quite sure that a weedy world is waiting for us.BPlants may lose the ability t
9、o flower in the future.CThe timing of a plants flowering is key to its life cycle.DA plants flowering time almost has no effect on its pollination.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“When a plant flowers determines whether it will be pollinated(授粉)by bees or other insects and how much time it will have to produce seeds.
10、”可知，植物的开花时间决定了它是否会被蜜蜂授粉以及它将有多少时间来产生种子。由此可推断，植物的开花时间是它生命周期的关键。故选C。3What does the underlined word “shifting” in paragraph 3 probably mean？ A AChanging. BPostponing. CArranging. DPredicting.解析：词意猜测题。画线词所在句子句意表示“研究人员的发现表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅长它们的开花时间”，再根据第五段“.the researchers found that nonnative plants flowere
11、d more than 11 days earlier on average. In contrast, native plants didnt change flowering times at all when warmed.”可推断，画线词义为“改变”。故选A。4What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ B AHow global warming affected plant species. BHow the researchers tested their supposition.CHow to keep the warmth of the planted
12、fields. DHow to determine the flowering times of plants.解析：段落大意题。根据第三段“These differences are thought to influence a plants success both now and in future warmer environments.”及第四段中提到“模拟全球变暖”和“用红外线加热器”等可推断，第四段主要讲述的是研究人员是如何测试他们的假设的。故选B。BNew research shows that people with blue eyes have a single, comm
13、on ancestor.A team at the University of Copenhagen have tracked down a genetic mutation (突变) which took place 6,00010,000 years ago and is the cause ot the eye colour of all blueeyed humans alive on the planet today.“Originally, we all had brown eyes，” said Professor Hans Eiberg.“But a genetic mutat
14、ion affecting the OCA2 gene (基因)in our body resulted in the creation of a switch, which literally turned off the ability to produce brown eyes.” The OCA2 gene codes for the socalled P protein, which is involved in the production of melanin (黑色素)It gives colour to our hair, eyes and skin.The switch,
15、which is located in the gene close to OCA2, does not, however, turn off the gene entirely, but rather limits its action to reducing the production of melanin in the eyeballeffectively turning brown eyes to blue.The effect of the switch on OCA2 is very specific therefore.If the OCA2 gene had been com
16、pletely destroyed or turned off, human beings would be without melanin in their hair, eyes or skin colour.Variation in the colour of the eyes from brown to green can all be explained by the amount of melanin in the eyeball, but blueeyed individuals only have a small degree of variation in the amount
17、 of melanin in their eyes.“From this we can conclude that all blueeyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor，” says Professor Eiberg.“They have all inherited (继承) the same switch at exactly the same spot in their DNA.” Browneyed individuals, by contrast, have considerable individual variation
18、in the area of their DNA that controls melanin production.The mutation of brown eyes to blue represents neither a positive nor a negative mutation.It is one of several mutations such as hair colour, baldness, and beauty spots, which neither increases nor reduces a humans chance of survival.As Profes
19、sor Eiberg says, “it simply shows that nature is constantly affecting the human genes and trying out different changes as it does so.”文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了基因突变是如何改变人们眼睛的颜色的。5What is the finding of Professor Hans Eibergs team？ D AThe eye colour can be changed by adjusting genes today.BBlueeyed people h
20、ave survived due to their special genes.CThe eye colour can help discover what peoples ancestors were.DA genetic mutation leads to the change of peoples eye colour.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“a genetic mutation(突变).is the cause of the eye colour of all blueeyed humans alive on the planet today.”可知，Hans Eibe
21、rg教授团队发现基因突变导致人类眼睛颜色的改变。故选D。6What can we learn about “the switch” from Paragraph 3？ C AIt produces melanin directly.BIt can be limited by other genes.CIt helps produce less melanin.DIt helps OCA2 function in our body.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“The switch.but rather limits its action to reducing the product
22、ion of melanin in the eyeball”可知，它有助于产生较少的黑色素。故选C。7Why can we conclude all blueeyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor？ D AThey have almost the same gene.BThey have more variation in genes.CThey have more melanin in their eyes.DThey have a small degree of variation in the amount of melanin.
23、解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“but blueeyed individuals only have a small degree of variation in the amount of melanin in their eyes.From this we can conclude that all blueeyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor，”可知，在他们的眼睛的黑色素数量上他们有着较少程度的改变是我们得出所有蓝色眼睛的人有共同祖先的原因。故选D。8What does the last paragraph want to t
24、ell us？ A ANature affects our genes.BOnly the fittest can survive.CWe are decided by our genes.DSome genetic mutations are pointless.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“it simply shows that nature is constantly affecting the human genes and trying out different changes as it does so”可推知，自然影响着我们的基因。故选A。.七选五根据短文内容，
25、从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。(2020四川省天府名校联考)Is our planet heating up? Are human beings to blame for climate change? 1. G The discussion on this subject has been heated, but what are scientists actually saying? At Readers Digest, we decided to find it out. 2. B Yes, it has, and even warmer. Green
26、land was forested between 450,000 and 800,000 years ago, so temperatures were considerably warmer then. There have also been other times of relatively high temperatures.So why does the concern exist?Its all about the speed at which temperatures are changing. 3. E But in the 20th and 21st centuries,
27、especially since 1976, temperatures have probably risen more quickly than during any century in the past 1,000 years. Warming may bring improved crop production and other benefits to northern countries such as Canada or Russia. However, many species may not adapt to these conditions, and the one tha
28、t is able to may cause a problem. 4. F The West Nile virus, first seen in North America nine years ago, infected about 4,000 people in the US in 2006. The mountain pine beetle, which is active during warmer winters, has already destroyed about 13 million hectares of Canadas forests, worth an estimat
29、ed $6. 4 billion.What is causing the warming?IPCC has concluded that human activity is very likely responsible, by increasing the concentrations of greenhouse gases and thus the greenhouse effect. 5. A They argue the human contribution is nothing.ASome scientists, however, still disagree.BHas the pl
30、anet ever been this warm before?CHas human behavior made the planet warm?DTemperatures have been changing all the time.EIn the past, temperatures moved up or down gradually.FMosquitoes have been moving northwards to higher places.GThese questions have burst into newspapers, films and popular books.文
31、章大意：本文是一篇议论文。主要内容是科学家关注引起气候变暖的真正原因，及对该问题的讨论。解析：1根据前文提出的两个问题可知，G选项中的these questions指代前文的两个问题；再根据下文可知，关于“气候变暖”的问题讨论一直很热烈，G选项中提到“气候变暖这些问题在报纸、电影和书籍中都提到过。”，由此可知，G选项能承接上下文，故选G。2根据下文的Yes, it has, and even warmer.(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答语，由it has也可推知，问句的部分包含has助动词，B项符合这个要求，且语义(地球以前有过这么温暖吗？)承接下文，故选B。3根据上下文可知，此处强
32、调的是气候的变化，且E选项中的temperatures和上下文呼应，且语境承接上下文，故选E。4根据前文的many species(许多物种)可知，此处用“Mosquitoes”进行举例说明，因为一些物种无法适应这种环境，所以蚊子向北移到较高的地方，故F项承接上文，故选F。5根据上下文可知，政府间气候变化专门委员会得出结论，人类活动很可能是罪魁祸首，因为人类活动增加了温室气体的浓度，从而造成了温室效应。然而，一些科学家仍然不同意。他们认为人类的贡献微不足道。故A项承接上下文，且呼应本文主题，故选A。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Among a
33、ll the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, 1.or biological engineering, as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now.Sometimes it is a hot topic 2.discussed (discuss) by people.The greatest thing that gene technology can do is cure serious diseases that doc
34、tors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease.Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two 3.killers (kill)And to date, doctors have not found 4.an/any effective way to cure them.But if the gene technology 5.is applied (apply) , not only can these two disea
35、ses be cured completely, 6.bringing (bring) happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spent on curing their diseases can be saved, so 7.it benefits the economy as well.In addition, human life span (寿命) can be prolonged.Gene technology can help people t
36、o give birth to more healthy and clever children.Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary diseases.This means their children will for sure have the family disease, 8.which is a great trouble for these families.In the past, doctors could do nothing abo
37、ut hereditary diseases, 9.but gene technology can solve this problem 10.perfectly (perfect)The scientist just needs to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.文章大意：本文介绍了基因技术，详细讲述了基因技术的好处。解析：1考查连词。句意：在所有快速增长的科技中，对于基因的研究或生物工程，越来越吸引人们的注意力。故填or“或者”。2考查非谓语动词。句意：有时这是个被人们讨论的热门话
38、题。故填过去分词discussed作后置定语，与topic之间是被动关系。3考查名词。句意：每年有两大杀手。根据第二段第一句话提到“The greatest thing that gene technology can do is cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease.”癌症和心脏病是两大杀手。故填killers。4考查冠词。句意：到目前为止，医生还没有发现一个/任何有效的方法来治愈。故填an/any effective
39、 way“一个/任何有效的方法”。5考查动词的语态。句意：如果基因技术被应用，不仅这两大疾病能完全治愈。apply和the gene technology是动宾关系。故填is applied。6考查非谓语动词。句意：如果基因技术被应用，不仅这两大疾病能完全治愈，给病人带来幸福。现在分词作结果状语。故填bringing。7考查代词。句意：因此它也能使经济受益。故填代词it代指基因技术被应用。8考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就意味着他们的孩子有遗传病，对于许多家庭来说这是个大的麻烦。故填which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代主句内容。9考查连词。句意：过去人们对遗传性疾病束手无策，而
40、基因技术能够解决这个问题。空前后两句话是转折关系。故填but。10考查副词。句意：而基因技术能够很好地解决这个问题。副词修饰动词 solve。故填perfectly。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用()划掉。 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2020惠州市第一次调研)Last Frid
41、ay, we were having our class while our teacher Miss Li suddenly slipped and fall on the ground.All the students were concern about her.Helped by some students, I carried her on back to the clinic immediately.Her left leg was turned out to be broken and she had to stay in hospital for half a month.Th
42、e following day, we paid a visit for her with flowers and fruits.See her leg wrapped in bandage, all of us felt sorry for her, hoping she would recover soon.Unexpectedly, only five days late, Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons.We were deep moved, all rising to applaud h
43、er.答案：Last Friday, we were having our class our teacher Miss Li suddenly slipped and on the ground.All the students were about her.Helped by some students, I carried her on back to the clinic immediately.Her left leg was turned out to be broken and she had to stay in hospital for half a month.The fo
44、llowing day, we paid a visit her with flowers and fruits. her leg wrapped in ， all of us felt sorry for her, hoping she would recover soon.Unexpectedly, only five days ， Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons.We were moved, all rising to applaud her.解析：1考查固定句型。be doing sth.
45、when.表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)”。故将while改为when。2考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“Last Friday”可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情。故将fall改一般过去时fell。3考查固定用法。be concerned about sb.意为“担心某人”。故将concern改为concerned。4考查固定搭配。on ones/the back意为“在某人的背上”。故添加my/the。5考查动词语态。turn out to be为固定搭配，意为“结果是；证明是”，此处不用被动语态。故删除was。6考查介词。pay a visit to是固定搭配，意为“拜访；参观；访问”。故将
46、for改为to。7考查非谓语动词。看到她的腿上裹着绷带，我们都为她感到难过，希望她快点康复。分析该句结构可知，主语all of us和动词see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，该处表示伴随。故改现在分词seeing作时间状语。8考查名词复数。bandage为可数名词，其前没有限定词修饰。故应将bandage改为bandages。9考查副词。未曾料到的是，仅仅五天后李老师坐着轮椅回到班级给我们上课了。later意为“后来；以后”。故将late改为later。知识储备：late、later和lately的用法区别：late是形容词，也可作副词，表示“迟；晚”；lately是副词，表示“最近；近来”；later是副词，表示“后来；以后”，也可作形容词，仅用于名词前，表示“较晚时候的；以后的”。10考查副词。该词修饰后面的形容词moved。故改副词形式deeply，表示“深深地”。