1、2013高考英语二轮阅读理解指导（03）及强化训练（答案）专题*推理判断一、题型特点与解题技巧这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(pa
2、raphrase)或综合。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。常见的题干有：1) It can be inferred from the text that.2) We can conclude that.3) When the writer talks about., what he really means is that.4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。1) 判断有
3、据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。 注意点：1.如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。 Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a differe
4、nt statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A. every glance has its significance B. staring at a person is an expression of interest C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable D. a glance conveys more meaning than wo
5、rds 2. 选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。 I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, t
6、here were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.It can be inferred form the Passage that_. A. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity B. American political circles will not accept dive
7、rsity C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media D. Diversity can result in better management. 3.合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。The illegal killing of rhinos(犀牛) for their horns is increasing in Africa and Asia. Rhinoceros poachers(偷猎者)are killing an estimated two
8、to three of the rare animals each week.The estimate for Zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. The situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. In the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges outo f forty-one arrested. Not all the news
9、is bad, however, Rhino populations are increasing in some areas. These include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in Africa. Wildlife activities are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching. We can infer from the passage that _. A. the protection of rhino in Zimbabwe once go
10、t improved in the 1990s B. only wildlife activists are responsible for the protection of rhinos C. the number of the rhinos is getting bigger in some areas. D. illegal hunting of rhinos can only be forbidden when governments act Whats the tone of the passage? A. Negative B. Objective C. Worried D. P
11、ositive 4.弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。 You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved wi
12、th other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings.
13、 But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we k
14、now; also, the most rare. In this paragraph, the author tells us that_. A. difficulties are but part of everyones life B. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life C. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances D. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence *结束 A段I
15、ts not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars cant: nm on solar energyenergy from the suns light and heat ! Joshua Bechtold, 14. and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked many months to get
16、Helios ready for the 1999 American Tour de Sol(Sol is the Latin word for sun). They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology(神话) . The 4-year-old Tour de SOl encourages the use of green, or environmentally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. Its not a race. C
17、ars are judged on fuel efficiency (耗油量) rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the on- ly one built by middle school students. A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked
18、with people wherever they stopped along the road That was my favor- ite part. says Anna Browne, 15. We explained how the car runs. Due in part to old, inefficient batteries (电池), Helios finished fourth out of four in its kind, the sun-powered class. We were there for the fun of it. Anna says. Were p
19、roud of Helios, says Ariel Gleicher, 14. Its a car thats good for the environment. 1. What is special about the car Helios in the text? A. It was built by middle school students. B. It has an attractive design. C. It was made in 1971. D. It won the fourth prize. 答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句Helios wa
20、s the only one built by middle school students可以推断选A.2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race? A. 1. B. 4. C. 23. D. 44. 答案: B 指导：这是一道细节推断题两太阳能赛车参赛。根据最后一段第一句outoffour可以推断一共有4辆太阳能赛车参赛。3. What would be the best title for the text? A. The Making of Helios B. 1999 American Tour de sol C. Sun-p
21、owered Cars on the Road D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut 答案: C 指导；这是一道主旨题。这篇文章主要讲几个中学生制造的太阳能赛车上路参加比赛的事，所以最好的题目是Sun powered Cars on the Road4. The students felt proud of Helios because_. A. it could run as far as 350 miles B. it was favored by many children C. it had high-quality batteries D. it w
22、as driven by clean energy Passage答案: D指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据最后一句Its a car thats good for the environment，即是由绿色能源驱动的。*结束 B段 When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 18典型例题y met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers (探险者) began fight
23、with the Indians or their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U. S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those a- greements and demanded more land.Other chiefs refused to go along with the governments plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, who
24、se people lived in the Wallowa Valley (present-day Oregon). In order to have all people understand how much land we owned, he once explained, my father planted poles around it and said. Inside is the home of my people . It circl ed aroundthe graves (坟墓) of our fathers, and we will never give up thes
25、e graves to any man. But in 1874, the U. S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a res- ervation(保留地). Seeing that resistance was useless. Chief Jo seph agreed to move.Later, fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U. S. soldiers. Chief Joseph
26、tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in. 1. Which historic site (on the map) lies in the south of todays Nez Perce Reservation? A. Buffalo Eddy. B. Dug Bar. C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint. D. Chief Lookin
27、g Glass Camp. 答案: D 指导：此题为识图题。首先要审清题目，注意题干中的关键词historic site，in the south，然后再观察地图及图例，很容易判断D项为正确答案。2. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map? A. They were in the state of Oregon. B. They have become a historic site C. They have become much smaller. D. They were limited to the wallow
28、a Valley. 答案: C 指导：根据地图中图例部分第一项、第二项，可以看出1855年Nez Perce lands的范围比当今Nez Perce Reservation的范围要大得多。由此可判断C项为正确答案。3. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to_. A. show oft their land B. keep their land C. turn their place into a graveyard D. build their homes around the poles答案: B 指导：本段引述了NezPerce人的某一头领Joseph的话，他说到，“为了让所有的人明白我们过去拥有多少土地，我父亲在领地周围种了些植物作为标志，并且说标志里就是我们的家园”由此可以看出那些印第安人的目的就是要维护自己的土地。*结束