1、2013高考英语二轮阅读理解指导（05）及强化训练（答案） A段 Sometimes, something that is considered to be negative tums out to be an advantage on the job. Though he is only 18 years old and blind, Suleyman Gokyigk is among the top computer technicians and programmers at Intelidata Technologies Corp. , a large software company
2、 with several offices across the United States. After our company united with another one last October, two different computer networks were driving us crazy, recalls Douglas Braun, the InteliData president. We couldnt even send E-mail to each other. In three weeks Mr. Gokyigit created the software
3、needed to connect the two networks. None of the companys 350 other employees could have done the job in three months , says Mr. Braun. Suleyman cansee into the heart of the computer. Mr. Gokyigits gift, as Mr. Braun calls it, is an unusual ability to form an idea of the inside of a machine. The comp
4、uter permits me to reach out into the world and do almost anything I want to do, says Mr. Gokyigit.The young programmer is at home with hardware as well, thanks partly to a highly developed sense of touch. Mitzi Nowakows-ki, an office manager at InteliData, remembers how he easily disconnected and r
5、econnected their computer systems during a move last year. Through feel, Suleyman can find the position of connectors, pins and wires much faster than most other people with sight, he says. Much of the student programmers speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer. When
6、 typing, he listens carefully to the synthesizer(合成器). His long, thin fingers fly over keyboard. Nothing seems to shake his attention, says Mrs. Nowa-kowski, his boss.Mr. Gokyigit is the only company employee who is available (可找到的) 24 hours a day. We consider him our top problem solver, says Mr. Br
7、aun. 1. According to Mr. Braun, Suleyman A. can work wonders on computer B. is the best technician in the world C. has done a hard job in three months D. has united InteliData Technologies Corp. with another computer company. 答案: A 指导：据全文可知，Suleyman在电脑方面有非凡的才能，故选A：其他各项均与原文有出人。2. The underlined part
8、is at home with hardware (Paragraph4) means_. A. is good at dealing with computer hardware B. is fond of computer hardware C. works with computer hardware at home D. feels comfortable when working with computer hardware 答案: A 指导：此处的be at home with sth”的意思根据上下文篇应是“擅长解决的问题”。3. Suleyman was quick while
9、 at the computer mostly because of A. his blindness B. his attention on the synthesizer C. his long, thin fingers D. his ability not to be interrupted 答案: D 指导：文中有“speed comes from his ability not to be interrupted while at the computer，这才是他速度快的原因。4. What does the text mainly tell us? A. Computer te
10、chnicians are more likely to be gifted. B. Ones disadvantages may prove to be advantages. C. The disabled can also play an important role in society. D. Top computer scientists have unusual abilities to form ideas of computers. 答案: B 指导：通常文章的首段首句为主题句。*结束*结束 在复习这一部分内容时首先要了解高考对阅读理解题的要求，由于江苏省高考是单独命题，所以
11、既要关心英语课程标准又要参照江苏省普通高中英语课程教学要求（09年修订）和考试院对英语高考的具体说明。英语课程标准八级（普通高中毕业要求）在语言技能部分对“读”的目标描述是：能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度；能识别不同文体的特征； 3. 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；4. 能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；5. 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理； 6. 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。 （排列次序应与课标相同）高考对阅读理解的要求 （建议改为：江苏省考试院英语高考有关说明：） 要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂
12、志中的简短文章。考生应能：理解主旨大意； 寻找具体信息； 3. 识别不同文体特征； 4. 根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义； 5. 作出简单的判断和推理；6. 理解文章的基本逻辑结构； 7. 把握作者的意图和态度；8. 理解文章的文化信息。 （注意具体文字和排列次序应与省高考说明相同，请核对一下。）专题一 事实细节一、题型特点与解题技巧尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换等来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象
13、或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为：When / Where did the story happen?Which of the following statements is (not) correct?Which of the
14、 following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?All the statements are true except 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，
15、再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：1.对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。2.词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考 生制造障碍。3.语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。4.正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成
16、正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：1.将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。2.把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已 发生的事情。 3.无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。4.偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会 误选。5.文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节， 这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。三、细节题的不同类型1.直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，
17、然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技 巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。 He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman （国会议员） from Baltimore During Bill Clintons presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in
18、 a number of jobs in the White House and in governmental departments. President Clinton then appointed him to the office of director of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the schools special assistant to the president for 2001-2002. (2009陕西)46.
19、 Edmonds entered the world of politics first as _. A. news secretary for a congressman B. a speechwriter for President Clinton C. news secretary in the White House D. a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala 2.间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。例如：Kong Zi
20、, also called Confucius (551-479B.C), and Socrates (469-399B.C)lived only a hundred years apart, and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these
21、ideas in turn, shaped their societies. (2010江西)Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?A. Socrates and Confucious had much in common.B. Confucious had much influence on Socrates ideas.C. The societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas.D. There were cultural exchanges
22、between China and Greece 3.数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 例如：（2010江苏） BORDERCROSSINGSWhile there are no restrictions on the amount of money that you can bring 来源:金太阳
23、新课标资源网across the border, you must report to both the US and Canadian border services amounts equal to or greater than $10.000.PERSONAL EXEMPTIONS（免税）ON PURCHASESAMERICANS RETURNING TO THE USLess than 48 hours: $ 200 US48 hours or more: $ 800 US duty-free personal exemption. next $ 1.000 US at 3% Inc
24、luding up to 100 cigars and 100 cigarettes.CANADIANS RETURNING TO CANADALess than 24 hours: $ 50 CAN48 hours or more: $ 400 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.7 days or more: $ 750 CAN Including up to 100 cigars and 200 cigarettes.DOCUMENTATION NEEDED FORBORDER CROSSINGLAND OR SEA TO
25、THE US(INCLUDING FERRIES)A valid passport or passport card, or a NEXUS card.(A NEXUS card is a Trusted Traveler Program that provides quick travel forpre-approved, low risk travelers through special lanes.)A recent Washington State, New York or BC drivers license.Note: Children 15 years of age and y
26、ounger require only a birth certificate orcopy.(Certified copies are not required but are advised.)AIR TRAVEL TO THE USA valid passport, an Air NEXUS card, or a U.S. Coast Guard MerchantMarine Document.64.If a Canadian who is on a 7-day trip to New York buys $ 800 CAN worth of goods, how much should
27、 he pay tax on when returning home?A. $ 800 CAN B. $750 CAN C.$ 400 CAN D. $ 50 CAN65.For an American citizen on a 2-day tour of Canada, how much tax does he have to pay on $ 1.600 US worth of purchases when returning to the US?A. $ 24 US B. $ 48 US C. $52 US D. $ 200 US4.排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句
28、子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。5.图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。 总之，做英语阅读理解时，考生一定要每道题目都返回原文，这是解任何题目的基础，很多考生阅读得不了高分得最重要原因就是不返回原文定位。我们把选项和原文重叠，记住“本
29、本主义”，即与原文意思接近的，差不多的为正确答案，与原文意思相反的，或者只要是文中未提及的都是错的。*结束A段 A teacher of English as a second language is the 20典型例题her of the Year in the United States. Kathy Mellor of Rhode Island will spend the next year as an international spokeswoman for education. President Bush and his wife. Eaura. honored her du
30、ring a ceremony (仪式) at the White House last week. For the past nineteen years. Kathy Melior has taught English as a second language at Davisville Middle School in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, in the northeastern United States. She redesigned the program for E. S. L. students at her school to prov
31、ide each student with one to three periods per day in classes for English learners. How much instruction the students get depends on their level of skill in listening, speak- lng, reading and writing. The amount of time they spend in these classes is reduced as their level of English increases. A te
32、acher describes tfiis as the most successful E. S. L. program in North Kingstown. She also praises Kathy Melior for providing help to students and their families by forming a local parents group for speakers of other languages. This improved their ability to help their children. Kathy Melior earned
33、a masters degree in education from Rhode Island College. She studied teaching English as a second language.She was chosen for the national honor of Teacher of the Year from among top teachers in each of the fifty states. As Teacher of the Year, Kathy Melior will travel around the United States and t
34、o other countries. She will talk about the impor- tance of education and the work of teachers. 1. This passage is mainly about_. A. Teacher of the Year 20典型例题he United States B. Ms Mellors English teaching instruction C. Ms Mellors teaching skills of learning English D. praises to Ms Melior from oth
35、er teachers 答案: A 指导：本文通过首段首句可看出答案：一名把英语作为第二语言的英语教师成为20典型例题一位模范(一项荣誉)。所以A是最佳选项；其他三项都是主旨下的细节。2. What does E. S. L. in the passage stand for? A. English study learners. B. English speaking and listening. C. English special learners. D. English as a second language. 答案: D 指导：结合整篇文章的中心句(第一段第一句)及第二段第一、二句
36、，可得出答案。猜测词义千万不要望文生义，要结合该词前后的两或三个句子，结合文章或段落中心，加以推断。3. From this passage we can learn that_ A. middle school teachers from each state are honored Teachers of the Year B. middle school teachers in the USA have to get masters degrees C. Ms Mellors students have no problems in learning Engish D. the American government pays much attention to education Passage 答案: D指导：文章第一段最后两句介绍Kathy Melior(作为20典型例题范教师)将在明年作为international spokeswoinan for education，并且总统夫妇于上周在白宫向她表示敬意，可见政府对教育之重视。*结束*结束
