1、限时规范练37(选修7Unit 19A)核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、语言学习的素养能力意识限时规范练第74页一、阅读理解AI did some research and examined how British English and American English changed between the 1930s and the 2000s.Take spelling,for example towards the 1960s it looked like the UK was going in the direction of not using the “u” in “colo
2、ur” and writing “centre” as “center”.But since then,the British have become more confident in some of their own spellings.In the 2000s,the UK used an American spelling choice about 11% of the time while Americans use a British one about 10% of the time.There is also no need to worry too much about A
3、merican words,such as “vacation”,“liquor” and “lawmaker” entering British English.There are a few examples of this kind of vocabulary change but they are mostly uncommon words and are not likely to change British English too much.The British are still using “mum” rather than “mom” and “petrol” rathe
4、r than “gas”.But when we start thinking of language more in terms of style than vocabulary or spelling,a different picture appears.Some of the bigger trends in American English are moving towards a freer use of language.American sentences are on average one word shorter in 2006 than they were in 193
5、1.Americans also use a lot more apostrophes (撇号) in their writing than they used to,which has the effect of turning the two words “do not” into the single “dont”.“The hand of the king” becomes the shorter “The kings hand”.However,in all these ways Brits are changing too and in the same way as Americ
6、ans.Theyre just about 30 years behind the trend that Americans seem to be leading.So this raises a question,is British English actively following American English or is this something that is simply a natural trend in language use? Perhaps the British would have gone in that direction even if Americ
7、a had never been discovered? Id like to agree with the second idea but because of the fact that British people learn plenty of American language through different ways,I think the first is more correct.【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章讨论英式英语与美式英语的变化及其变化原因。1.What did the British do in the 1960s?A.They used some Americ
8、an spellings.B.They built up confidence in their language.C.They did research on language differences.D.They went in the direction of harder spellings.答案A解析细节理解题。由第一段中的“Take spelling,for example towards the 1960s it looked like the UK was going in the direction of not using the u in colour and writi
9、ng centre as center”可知,20世纪60年代的时候英国人开始使用一些美式拼写。2.What does the author try to show by using examples like “petrol”?A.British English has changed a lot.B.Some uncommon words are used less often.C.American words are entering British English.D.American spelling wont change British English too much.答案D解
10、析推理判断题。作者引用petrol的例子是为了证明前一句话中的说法“they are mostly uncommon words and are not likely to change British English too much”。3.Which of the following is the authors opinion about the languages?A.American English is going the wrong way.B.British English is following American Englishs example.C.American En
11、glish is borrowing a lot from British English.D.Languages wouldnt change much if America was not discovered.答案B解析推理判断题。由最后一段中的“.is British English actively following American English or is this something that is simply a natural trend in language use?”及最后一句“I think the first is more correct”可知,作者认为英
12、式英语在效仿美式英语。BAfter teaching for 35 years in the North Shore school district,I retired and agreed to teach English to immigrants at the Glen Cove Library two nights a week.Its been a joy!I started with three students,got as many as 10,but now have settled on what I call “the fantastic five”. They rang
13、e in age from 23 to 65,one man and four women.Theyve come from El Salvador,Peru,Honduras,Colombia and the Dominican Republic.With one exception,they are married,have children,and are working.Their responsibilities leave them with little free time,but they faithfully come to class.The students always
14、 make me smile.On the first day,I asked what surprising things they had discovered about America.Isabelle,from Peru,thought for a moment and then said,“You Americans all stop at red lights!”Blanca,a student from Honduras,arrives with her three young children.Actually,they arrive first,running in,wav
15、ing to me as they dash to the childrens room as their often-exhausted mother trudges in behind.Blancas kids are adorable.I keep forgetting their names,so I call them Blanco,Blanki and Blankette.They giggle at this and their mom smiles.Ive been asked by friends whether I know the students immigration
16、 stories.I dont ask.Im here to help them learn English.Their lives often are not easy.Over the past year,one woman got divorced,and anothers husband suffered a stroke.A thirds husband,a truck driver,was in a horrific accident that left him homebound for more than nine months.But,these students rarel
17、y miss a class.【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。作者教书35年后退休了,但是退休后继续给移民们上英语课,这些来自各个国家的移民成人学生们给作者留下了深刻的印象。他们虽然生活艰辛忙碌,但他们很少缺课,而且上课认真,心地质朴。4.What can we know about the students?A.They are all women over 23.B.They have children and jobs.C.They are a big trouble for the teacher.D.They are busy and miss classes regularly.答案B解
18、析细节理解题。根据第二段中的第二句可知,学生中有一个男的,故A项错误;根据第三段中的第三句可知,学生们总是让老师很开心,所以C项错误;根据最后一句可知,他们很少旷课,故D项错误;根据第三段中的首句可知,他们都结婚了,有了孩子,在上班。故选B项。5.What can we learn about Blanca?A.She is from Peru and has three children.B.She doesnt like the names the author gives.C.She is respectable to educate her children well.D.She is
19、 surprised at Americans running red lights.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Blanca的孩子们主动向作者挥手打招呼并且作者认为他们是值得被尊重的、可爱的。故可推知,Blanca对孩子们的教育很好。6.What does the underlined word “trudges” probably mean?A.Walk heavily.B.Run quickly.C.Wave unwillingly.D.Dash slowly.答案A解析词义推测题。根据前面的often-exhausted mother可知,后面的妈妈因为每天工作而经常筋疲
20、力尽地回家,应该是吃力地走在孩子们的后面。故选A项。7.How does the author feel about the teaching job?A.Tired.B.Helpless.C.Delighted.D.Regretful.答案C解析推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是首段中的最后一句“Its been a joy!”可知,作者认为这份工作给他带来快乐,还是喜欢这份工作的。故选C项。二、七选五Why do you run? Different people have different reasons.Whatever your reason,theres one thing we c
21、an be sure of:Running is much better injury-free.In his book,Dr.Jordan Metzls Running Strong,Metzl has the perfect suggestions for enjoying your running without losing your well-being.Here are five must-follow rules for injury-free running:1.Train for your level of fitness and your goals.1 If you ru
22、n for fitness and your goal is 30 minutes a day,thats cool.But if you are just starting out,you need to get there slowly.2.Wear the right shoes for your feet.You will hear lots of opinions about whether running shoes really help prevent injury and whether you should even wear them.2 And some of you
23、may need a little added assistance from inserts (鞋垫).3.3 Be honest about how much sleep you need and stick to it.The cool runner is the one who wins the race.Sleep will get you there.4.Fuel your body right for running and recovery.4 And after a workout or race,you need to deliver nutrients to all th
24、e body rebuilders in your muscles,so they can do their job and get you back into tip-top shape for your run tomorrow.5.Pay attention to pain.When pain changes the way you run,stop running.5 And use dynamic rest (动态休息) to stay in shape until you are back on your running feet.A.Try to find out whats g
25、oing on and treat it.B.Get seven to eight hours of sleep every night.C.Running should be seen as fun rather than pain.D.Dont run more miles than your body can deal with.E.A good pre-run meal plan is one that keeps you stepping strong.F.It is because of the health benefits,including lowering your ris
26、k for disease.G.The right running shoes can help correct foot-movement problems that lead to injury.答案与解析【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了跑步锻炼身体时的几条建议。1.D由下文中的“If you run for fitness and your goal is 30 minutes a day,thats cool.”可知,每天跑步应该在身体承受的范围之内。2.G由上文中的“whether running shoes really help prevent injury and wh
27、ether you should even wear them”可知,好的跑鞋可以纠正脚在鞋内的移动,避免因这些移动而产生伤害。3.B由下文中的“Be honest about how much sleep you need and stick to it.”可知,该小标题与睡眠有关,建议人们每天应保证7到8小时的睡眠。4.E由上文中的“Fuel your body right for running and recovery”以及下文中的“you need to deliver nutrients to all the body rebuilders”可知,跑前进食的计划可以帮助你变得强壮。
28、5.A由上文中的“When pain changes the way you run,stop running.”可知,一旦发现疼痛,应立刻停止跑步,检查问题出在哪里,并及时治疗。三、语法填空When the knife youre using cuts your finger instead of the tomato,you might think it is no big deal.A small cut will 1. (usual) heal well without medical care but any time the skin gets broken,there is a
29、risk of infection.Heres 2. to care for cuts at home.Stop bleeding by 3. (press) a clean,soft cloth against the wound for a few minutes.If the wound is bleeding a lot,youll need to keep up the pressure for a much 4. (long) time (sometimes up to 15 minutes).If the wound is small,the bleeding should st
30、op in a few minutes.Clean the wound.Run warm water over the cut for 5 minutes.Then use soap 5. (wash) the skin around the cut gently and thoroughly.If theres dirt in the wound,remove it if you can a soft,damp cloth can be 6. (help).Cleaning the wound helps get infection-causing bacteria out of the 7
31、. (injure) area.If you cant get all the dirt out,call your doctors office.Dry the area lightly and cover it with gauze (纱布) or some other type of bandage.A bandage helps prevent germs from getting into the wound,8. can help avoid infection.If the bandage gets wet or dirty,change it right away.9. is
32、also necessary to take off the bandage and gently wash the injury every day.Watch for 10. (sign) of infection.If it appears to be worsening or becomes swollen or red,see a doctor right away to treat the infection.答案与解析1.usually考查副词。设空处在此修饰谓语,表示“通常”,故填usually。2.how考查连接词。设空处所在句意为:这里就讲讲在家中怎么(how)处理伤口。3
33、.pressing考查动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。设空处做by的宾语,故填pressing。4.longer考查形容词比较级。由设空处前面的much可知,应用形容词比较级,故填longer。5.to wash考查不定式做状语的用法。使用肥皂的目的是清洗伤口周围的皮肤,故填to wash。6.helpful考查形容词做表语的用法。设空处做表语,意为“有帮助的”,故填helpful。7.injured考查过去分词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰area,又因为injure与area之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且injure所表示的动作已完成,故填injured。8.which考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明前面整个主句,且在从句中做主语,故填which。9.It考查it的用法。设空处在此做形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语,故填It。10.signs考查名词复数。sign是可数名词且在此表泛指,故填名词复数形式signs。