1、【重点知识整合】一、 动词的分类动词的分类用法例词实义动词及物动词能带宾语来源:Z+xx+k.Com来源:学科网来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*KLike, love, want, buy, decide科网ZXXK不及物动词不能带宾语Work, rise, fall, go系动词用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态。其后常接形容词、名词。Be, seem, taste, sound, feel, remain助动词用于构成时态、语态、否定和疑问等形式。本身无具体意义。Do , did, does, be, have, has, will情态动词表示说话人的看法态度等。Can ,
2、may, must, will, dare二、 动词的及物和不及物有些动词只是及物动词; 它们不可以单独用,后面必须跟宾语。有些动词只是不及物动词;它们可以单独用,如果后面想接宾语,动词后面必须加上介词。而有些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词; 但是有时候词义会改变。He reached Beijing yesterday. (vt.)He will arrive (in Beijing)soon. (vi.)If you work hard, you will succeed. (vi.成功)If you work hard, you will succeed in passing the
3、exam (vi.成功).If you work hard, you will succeed John as the manager of this company (vt. 继任,接替).三、 系动词的分类连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:(1). 变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall, come等。(2). 感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel, smell, taste, 1ook,sound等。(3). 状态类表事物所处的状态. 如keep, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。(4)外表特
4、征类表外表给人的印象,如appear, seem, look等。四、 易混动词用法辨析1. allow与permit后直接接动名词作宾语,如果宾语是表示人的词语,后面跟动词不定式作宾补,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:People are not allowed to spit.2. cost,spend与take:这几个词都可以表示“花费”。 区别如下:(1)从所用主语来看:cost的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it),不能是人;spend的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it)也可以是人。如:Thecomputercost(me)$2000.这部
5、电脑花了(我)2000美元。注:若cost不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如: Smokerscostthegovernmentalotofmoneyeveryyear.抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。(2)从所接宾语来看: cost的宾语通常是钱,take的宾语通常是时间,而spend的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:Howmuchdiditcosttobuildthebridge?建这座桥花了多少钱? Ittookhertwohourstowalktothestation.步行去车站花了她两小时。 Hespendsmuchtime(money)onbooks.
6、他花了很多时间读(很多钱买)书。 注:cost有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如: Makingexperimentslikethiscostsmuchtimeandlabour.做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。(3)从句型结构来看:三者的通常句型为:sthcosts(sb)money某物花某人多少钱 itcosts(sb)moneytodosth做某事花某人多少钱 sbspendstime(money)onsth某人在某一方面花多少钱 sbspendstime(money)inondoingsth某人在做某事方面花多少钱 用于以上意义时,cost不能用于被动
7、语态,take通常不用于被动语态,而spend则可以用于被动语态。(4)在比喻用法中:cost指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如: Justringhimup.Itllcostyounothing.给他打个电话,这不费什么事。 spend表示“消耗”、“用完”。如: Hespentgreateffortstohelpme.他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。 take表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如: Ittakespatience.做这工作需要耐心。3. achieve, accomplish, obtain, get这几个词都有“获得,得到之意”。具体的区别如下:achieve,是指”(凭长期
8、努力)达到(某目标,地位,标准)”,achieve the goal of意思是“实现的目标”。而accomplish,是指完成了某一具体的事件,计划,任务等等;obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西,get为普通用语。4. hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。5. rise和raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词6. lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见
9、下表:中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词五、 常考的熟词新意的高频动词acknowledge承认;就.表示谢忱; 告知收到(信件等); 对打招呼say 说;表明;宣称,声明observe观察;注意到;遵守,遵守,奉行(法律、习俗、规章等);纪念,庆祝save保留,保存(keep sth to use or enjoy in the future;节省,节约;挽救;储蓄cover 覆盖;涉及;包含;包括,涉及;论及;负担支付;够付(费用);采访关于的新闻;
10、报道(的新闻等);走过(若干里),走完(一段路程)。stand站、立;承受、忍受see的基本意思是“看见”,还有“设想、想象”(imagine);“把看作”的意思。do的基本意思是“做”还有“行、可以、足够”(used for saying that sth is enough or is suitable for a particular purpose )的意思。develop除了“发展”的意思之外,还有“患上(病)”,“养成习惯”。之意。operate基本意思是“动手术”,还有“经营、管理”之意。employ除了“雇佣”外,还可表示“利用”;“ 把(时间、精力)用于,占据(时间、精力等)
11、”等。escape除了“逃走、逃脱”之意外,还可表示:“被遗忘、没被记住”(not remember)的意思。strike除了“打、敲击”之意外,还可表示“突然想起(到)、一下子想起”(a thought or an idea come into sbs mind suddenly)的意思,可用下面句型:It strike sb that 等于 It occurs to sb that 某人突然想起 。meet除了“会见”外,还有“满足(愿望、要求、需求等)”(satisfy)的意思。pick除了“摘;挑选”外,还有“扒窃、从某人的口袋里偷东西”(quietly steal something
12、 from someones pocket)的意思admit除了“承认”之意外,还可表示 “接收(某人入学)、准许加入(俱乐部、组织)”(allow sb to become a member of a club, a school or an organization)的意思。deliver除了“递送,传送”之意外,还可表示 “讲课;发表(演说)”;“生孩子,为某人接生”之意。drive “驾车”;“迫使”suit “同(某人)相配”;“ 和的心意,对方便”(be convenient for)。六、 常考动词短语以动词为词源形成的动词短语(含个别词组)1.以 blow为中心blow abo
13、ut 吹散blow away 吹走blow off 吹掉,吹散,吹灭blow out吹灭,走气blow up 爆炸,放大(照片),发脾气give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击2.以break为中心break away from 脱离,逃离,打破break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解vi.出故障抛锚,衰弱break in 闯进,打断;使顺服break into 闯入;强行进入;突然开始break out 爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚break the law 违反法律break the record 破记录break ones promise 失言break off 打
14、断,断绝,折断,突然终止break open 破开,撬开break short 中断,折断break through 突破,克服,挤过去break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解 vi.结束3.以build为中心build into 把建设成,把装入build on / upon 建立在上,依赖,指望build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴build up to 增加4.以burst为中心burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现burst in 闯进,突然出现burst into 闯进,突然起来,突然发出burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑burs
15、t out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑5.以 bring为中心bring about 导致,引起,促使bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,宣布,提出bring forward 提出bring in 把.带进来,引进,挣得(收入)bring into action 使行动起来,使生效bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,实行bring into operation 使运转,将投入生产bri
16、ng into (full) play 发挥,调动,利用bring sb.into touch with接触,触摸bring off 完成,救出,使成功,搬走bring on 导致,引起,使发展,提出(论点)bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期bring to light 出现,公布,暴露bring to mind 使想起,回忆起bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止6.以call为中心call at 访问(某地),停泊在call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开call for 需要,要求,接(某人),迎,取call i
17、n 召集,收集,请入,引入call off 取消,下令停止call on 拜访(某人),号召call out 大声喊,唤起call to mind 使想起,回忆起call up 打电话给,召集,使想起pay a call at sp. 访问(某地pay a call on sb. 拜访(某人)7.以carry为中心carry about 随身携带carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑carry back 拿回,运回,使想起carry into effect /practice 执行,实行,实现,完成carry off 带走叼走,夺去的生命,获得(奖品)carry on 坚持,继续,进行
18、carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成carry through 坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成8.以catch为中心be caught doing 被发现做某事be caught in the rain 淋雨catch /take fire 着火be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞catch a bus/train 赶汽车/火车catch (a) cold 伤风,感冒catch on 挂住,明白,理解,受欢迎catch ones word 听懂某人的话catch out 发觉,抓住某人的错处catch sight of 发现,瞥见catch sbs attenti
19、on引起某人注意catch the point of 抓住的要点catch up with 赶上,追及,追上9.以check为中心check in 报到,登记,投宿旅馆check off 检验,清点check on 检查,调查check out 查明,结帐,付款而离开旅馆check up 核对,检查,检验check with 商议,符合,核对无误10.以clear为中心clear away 扫除,消除clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停clear out 清除,扫出clear through 通过(检查,批准)clear up(天)变晴,打扫,消除make it clear
20、that使人明白11.以come为中心come about vi.发生,改变方向come across 偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付come along 一道来,陪伴;进步,进展;出现come at 达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击come back 回来;恢复,复原come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒come from 来自,起源于,从. . .产生,生于come in 进来,进入;流行起来;获名次come into being 发生,产生,出现,形成come into power 开始执政,当权,当选come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行come into exi
21、stence形成,产生,开始存在come into fashion开始流行come into operation开始运转,实施,生效come into possession of占有,拥有come into the possession of被占有,被拥有come into use 开始使用,获得应用come near 接近,不亚于,几乎,差一点come off (头发,牙齿,纽扣)脱落,离开come on 上演,开始,赶快;发展;登台;被提出come out 出来,发芽;出版;结果是;褪色;泄露come over 访问,越过come round/around 拜访,绕道come to 苏醒,
22、复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐come to an agreement 达成协议come to a conclusion 得出结论come to a decision 作出决定come to an end 终止,结束come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,come to an understanding 取得谅解when it comes to就而论,谈到come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来come to oneself苏醒come true 实现
23、,成为现实;证实come up走近;上楼;流行起来,发芽,上来,(问题)被提出,(风浪)猛烈起来come upon (偶然)遇见,突然发生12.以compare为中心be compared to 被比作,与相比be compared with与相比beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的compare notes with和交换意见/商量/核对笔记compare to把.比作,把与相比compare with把与相比13.以cross为中心cross out / off 打消,删去,除去cross ones fingers交叉手指(表祝福)cross ones m
24、ind想起cross over横贯,穿过,交叉cross sb. in 与某人作对,在中阻碍某人14.以cut为中心a cut above 胜过一筹a short cut 近路,捷径cut a /the record 创造新记录,打破记录cut away 切去,砍掉,逃走cut down 砍倒,削减,缩短cut in half / into halves 把切成两半cut in /into/to pieces 把切碎cut off 切断,中断,剪下,关掉cut out 切下,剪下,裁下,删去cut sth. open 切开,切伤cut sth.short 缩减,截短,cut the cost
25、of减少的成本cut through 凿通,挖通,贯穿cut up 切碎,齐根切掉,割裂,歼灭15.以devote为中心be devoted to 贡献给,致力于devote ones attention to 专心于devote oneself/ones life to 献身于,致力于devote to献身于,专心于16.以divide为中心be divided by被除be divided on对于有分歧divide sth. among / between在之间分配divide A from B 把A同B分开divideinto 把分成divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配17.以d
26、o为中心be done in 精疲力竭be done with 完全结束do a good deed 做一件好事do the deed 付诸行动,生效do a telephone interviewdo /take a part-time jobdo first aid to sb.do away with 去掉,废除;弄死;浪费do /cause damage to 损害do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于do harm to (=do sb. harm) 有害于do its work 有效,有作用do much 极有用do sb. right 公平对待,正确批评某人d
27、o wrong to (=do sb. wrong) 做错do ones best / utmost 尽某人最大努力do ones homework 做作业do proud 足以使. . .骄傲do sb. justice 公平对待某人do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 打扫卫生do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新do well in 学得不错,干得漂亮do with 和. . .相处,忍受,处理do without 不需要也行,不用do wonders 创造奇迹,产生奇特的效果have t
28、o do with 和. . .有关系have much to do with 和. . .很有关系have nothing to do with 与. . .无关have something to do with 和. . .有关in doing so=in so doing 这时,在这种情况下That will do. 行了;够了18.以 drive为中心drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶drive off 驱散drive out 逐出,乘车出去drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)drive sb.mad 使某人发疯19.以fall为中心fall ill /a
29、sleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默fall back撤退,后退fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败fall in love with爱上(某人)fall into 陷入,养成,开始,渐渐fall into a habit of 养成习惯fall off 掉下,衰退,减少fall over 摔倒,落在上,(头发)披在肩上fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解fall into ruins 成为废墟fall to the guound 坠地,失败,落空20.以fix为中心fix a date / time for为安排日期/
30、时间fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供fix on / upon 确定,决定fix ones eyes on/upon 注视,凝视fix ones attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在out of fix (钟表)不准,不健全21.以get为中心get about 徘徊,走动,旅行;流传get above oneself 自视高傲get accustomed to 习惯于,对. . .习以为常get across 度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解get ahead of 胜过,超过get along 前进,进步;同意;离去,相处get along with 与. .
31、 .相处get around 走动,传播,影响,说服get at 发现,了解;掌握;攻击get away 离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假get back 取回,回来;报复get behind 落后;识破get close to 接近,靠近get down vt.咽下;写下;使沮丧,使倒下vi.下来 get down to 认真对待,静下心来get familiar with 变得熟悉get/catch/seize/take hold of 获得,取得,抓住get home 到家get in 进入,陷入;牵涉get in touch with与取得联系get into/out of debt 欠债/
32、不欠债get into进入,陷入,养成get into trouble /a habit ofget off 送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身get on 上车;穿上;进步,使前进;成功;相处get on/upon with 进步;在. . .方面获得成功get ones hand in 熟悉;习惯get out vi. 摆脱,出去,下车,泄露get out of 由. . .出来,从. . .得出;避免;退休get over 越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成get possession of 占有,取得所有权get ready for 为. . .作准备get rid of 除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
33、get through 拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见get up 起床,起立;研究,钻研;致力于;安排get used to 习惯于have got to do 不得不,必须22.以give为中心 be given to 沉溺于,习惯于,癖好give about 分配;传播give and take 相互迁就,互让give away 赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发give back 归还,反射give cause 给予. . .的理由give ear to 侧耳倾听give forth 发出,放出;发表give in 屈服,让步,投降give i
34、n to 同意,接受;向. . .让步give off 发出(烟,气味)give oneself out as/to be 自称为give oneself up to 专心于;向. . .自首give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完give place to 让位于,被. . .所替代give rise to 引起,导致;使发生give sb. to understand 通知某人,使明白give up 放弃;停止give way to 让步,退却;屈服于given that假定,给定,已知23.以go为中心go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传go across 度
35、过,越过go after 追逐,追求,跟随go against 反对,不利于go ahead 前进,进展,继续go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴go along 前进,进行下去go along with 陪伴,和一道走go around 走来走去,四处走动go away 离开,走掉go back 回去,返回,走下坡,追溯go back to 追溯至go bad 变坏,腐败go beyond 超过,胜过go by 经过,过去go dead (电脑)死机go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静go down to 延续到,继续到go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)go f
36、or a walk/ride/swim 去(散步,骑马,游泳)go forward 前进,进展go in 进去,(日月等)被云遮蔽go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事,为而努力go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究go off 走开,爆炸go on 继续,接下去go on to do 接着做(另一件事)go on doing 继续做(同一件事)go on with继续做,忍受go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休go over 温习,检查,越过go round 拜访,绕道走,绕运行go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受go too far 走得太远,做/说得太过
37、火go up 上升,上涨,攀登go well 进展顺利go with 与相配,和一道走,同意go without 无需,没有也行go wrong 出故障,走错路have a go 企图,试图want a go 试一试24.以hold为中心hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留hold to / by 坚持,固守hold down 压制,压低,缩减hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞hold with 和意见一致,赞成catch/seize/get/take hold of 抓住,掌握,获得leave/lose
38、hold of松手,放弃25.以insist为中心insist on / upon坚持,强调,坚决要求insist that(注意两种语气)26.以keep为中心keep at 坚持,不停地做keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒keep company with和结交keep dark 保守秘密keep down 缩减,控制keep doing继续,不断地做keep from阻止keep in 闭门不出keep in mind 记住keep in touch with与保持联系/不断接触keep off 不接近,远离keep on doing
39、 继续,不停地做keep ones balance 保持平衡keep out 使不入内keep pace with跟上,同步调一致keep time 合拍子,按时,(钟表)走得准keep to 坚持,固守,遵守keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持keep up with赶上,跟上 ,与并肩前进keep watch 守望,值班,注意in good /high keep保存得好in bad/low keep保存得不好27.以lay为中心lay aside 把.放在一边,抛弃,贮藏lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止lay out 花费,投资,不置,打
40、昏28.以leave为中心ask for leave 请假give leave 准假leave about乱放,乱丢leave alone 听任,任其自然leaveas it is.听其自然leave behind 留下,忘记携带leave for (离开某地)去某地leave out 省去,遗漏,不把计算在内leave off 停止,脱去,戒除leave office 离职,下台leave over 留下,剩下,延期leave room for 为让出地方leave school 毕业leave sth, to / with sb把交给/留给某人.leave sb, sth. 把交给/留给某
41、人leave word / a message 留言,留信leave+object+o.c.on leave 休假,请假29.以look为中心look about 四下环顾;查看look after 照顾,看管look around 东张西望look at 注视,着眼于 look back 回顾,回头看look back on / upon 回顾look for 寻找;期待,期望look down on /upon 俯视;轻视look forward to 盼望,期待look in 看望,顺便进去望一下look into 窥视;调查;浏览look like 看起来象look on /upon
42、旁观;面向look on / upon as把看作look ones age 和年龄相称look out 向外看;注意;当心,提防look out for 当心,寻找,搜寻look over 从上面看过去;检查,忽略look through透过看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查look to 面向,注意look up 查阅,仰视,涨价look up to 仰望,尊敬30.以make为中心be made from 由. . .原料制成be made (out) of 由材料制成be made up of 由. . .组成make an appointment with sb.与约定make a beel
43、ine for走直路,走进路,朝径直走去make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要make a fool of 愚弄,欺骗make a mistake 弄错make a note of 记下make a point 阐述观点make a point of doing 强调;决心,坚持make a promise 许诺make a will 立下遗嘱make advantages/use of 使用,利用make after 追求,追赶make believe 假装make certain / sure 确信,把. . .弄清楚make contact with 接通,与. .
44、.接触,与. . .联系make eyes at抛眉眼,以目示意make for 去向,向. . .前进;有利于make friends with 和. . .交友make into 把. . .制成,使. . .转变为make much of 重视;理解;赏识make ones mind on sth. 决定某事make ones own 当作自己的看待make oneself at home 随便,别拘束make oneself understood 让别人理解自己make out 填写;开支票;理解;辨认make preparations for为作准备make repairs/arra
45、ngements/gestures/signs/marks/choices/remarks/comments/efforts/mistakes/a pricemake the best/ most of 尽量利用;极为重视make towards 向前进make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占比例make up to 接近,巴结;向. . .求爱make way for 为. . .让路,让路于make it 就这么定了,成功,达到某一特定目标on the make 急求成功;增加,损人利己追求名利31.以meet为中心meet the case 适合,令人满意meet th
46、e need/demand/requirement of满足需要meet with 偶然碰见,遭受,meetby chance/accident偶然碰见make both ends meet 使收支相抵32.以open为中心be open to 对开放,易于接受,经不起(诱惑)open A for B 为B展开/打开Aopen to 朝开,朝向,通向open up开发,开创,开辟,开垦,吐露真情,打开,展现with open eyes 睁着眼睛,留神地,吃惊地with open arms 张开双臂,热诚(欢迎)33.以owe为中心owe to把归功于,把归因于,owe much to 多亏了,
47、在很大程度上归功于owe it tothat归功于,幸亏owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人34.以pass为中心pass away 去世,(时间)过去pass by 经过,(时间)过去pass into 变成,化为pass on/upon 传递,通过pass out of ones mind 被人忘掉pass over 忽视,置之不理pass through 经历,经过,贯穿pass to 传递,传达35.以pick为中心pick and choose 仔细挑选,挑挑拣拣pick off 摘下,逐个地射死pick on 挑选,挑剔,惹恼pick ones wa
48、y/steps 小心地走路,择路而行pick ones words精选用词pick out 挑出,辨别出pick up 接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识 pick up with结识,与交朋友36.以pull为中心pull/make/wear a long face 拉长脸,不高兴pull about 把拖来拖去,虐待pull apart 拉开,扯断,严加批评pull away 拖出,离开pull down 拉下,拉倒,推翻,拆毁,使(价格)下降,使体质减弱,赚取pull in (车船)抵达, 节省(费用), 缩减(开支)pull off 脱(衣,冒),完成,获
49、得成功pull on 穿,戴,继续拉pull out 驶出,拔出,离开pull sbs leg 取笑某人pull through 克服困难,脱离危险pull sth. to pieces 把拆散,撤碎pull up 拔起,阻止,使停下pull up with/to 追上,赶上pull (the) wires/strings 在幕后操纵,走后门37.以push为中心at one push 一口气bring to the push 使陷绝境push against 推,推撞push forward/along 把腿向前,继续进行push aside/away 推开,排除push back 退回,推
50、回push down 向下推push in 推进,向岸靠拢push off 起程,离开push on 奋力向前,推进push ones way挤过去,奋力向前push out 推出,长出push over 推倒push through 促成,完成,穿过,挤过push up 向上推38.以put为中心put aside 把. . .放在一边;搁置;排除put away 把. . .放好,把. . .收拾;储藏;put back 把. . .放回原处;拨回put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落put an end to 结束,终止,废除put faith in 相信,信任put forwa
51、rd 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,put in 驶入,进入put(down) in writing 把写下来 put . . . into 把. . .放入;插入;翻译成putinto use应用putinto practice把付诸于实践putinto action把付诸于实践,实施,使生效putinto effect把付诸于实践,实施,使生效putinto operation 将投入生产,实施,开动putinto production将投产,开始生产put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下 put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐put ones heart into
52、全神贯注,专心致志put out 熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过put to (good) use (充分)利用put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列put up with 忍受,容忍39.以refer 为中心refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅be referred to 和有关,归功于,被提交处理refer oneself to依赖,求助于refer toas把称做,认为是40.以rely为中心rely on/upon 依靠,信赖,41.以remind为中心remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.
53、of使某人想起/回忆起remind sb. that提醒某人42.以ring为中心ring off 挂断电话ring the bell 敲钟,摇铃ring up 打电话给ring back回电话give sb. a ring 给某人打电话43.以see为中心see after 照料,照顾see into 识透,调查see out 送某人到门口/屋外,see off 送行see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底see to 照顾,处理,注意see to it that照料,努力使,注意把seeing that因为,鉴于,既然as far as Isee 据我所了解/看到的44.以se
54、ll为中心sell off 廉价出清(存货)sell out 卖完,背叛sell up 变卖,拍卖sell well 畅销,好卖sell by retail 零售sell by whole-sale 批发45.以send为中心send away 解雇,赶走,把送往远处send down 把向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)send for 派人去叫/请/拿send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别send out 发出,散发,长出(树叶等)send up 发射,使上升,向上传递send word 通知,转告,捎信46.以set为中心a set of 一套,一副,一部be set in 以为背景s
55、et about (doing)着手,开始set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝set back 把(钟表)往回拨set down 放下,卸下,登记,记载set down to 归于,认为是由于set fire to (= seton fire) 放火烧毁set forward 把(钟表)拨快,出发set free 释放(某人)set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)set ones hand to 着手做,从事set ones heart / mind on/upon专心于,渴望set out vi.出发
56、vt.开始,着手(to do),布置,发表set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)47.以shut为中心shut down (=close down)关闭,倒闭,停工,歇业shut in 关进去,禁闭,使中止,压制shut off 关掉,切断shut ones eyes/ears to拒绝去看/听shut ones heart to 对不动心shut ones mind to死不答应shut ones teeth 要紧牙关shut out 关在外面,排除(可能性)shut up 关闭,密封48.以stick为中心stick in the mud 陷入泥中,墨守成规stickinto把插入
57、中stick out 突出,伸出,显眼stick to 坚持,忠于,粘到上49.以suit为中心a suit of 一套,一副be suited for doing(=be suited to do) 配(做),适于be suited to / for适合于suit all tastes 人人合口味,人人中意suit oneself 随自己意愿suit the action to the word 使言行一致suit to使适合于,使适应suit with与相称50.以take为中心be taken aback 吃惊take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会ta
58、ke a seat 就坐take a shower 淋浴,洗澡take advantage of 利用,乘之便take after 仿效,与相似take aim 瞄准,设立目标take away 拿走,减去;夺去take back 收回,取消take sp.by surprise 出奇制胜,突袭take sb.by surprise 使惊讶take care of当心,注意;照顾;提防;谨慎;处理take care to do 务必做,留心做take cold 感冒,受寒take for/as把当作take charge of 负责,主管take down 取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒take
59、 effect 生效,起作用take fire 着火take for example 以为例take for granted 认为理所当然(不成问题)take hold of 抓住,掌握take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会take into 驶入,信任takeinto account / consideration 考虑,重视take it / things easy 别紧张,从容take measures / steps 采取措施take notes 记笔记take notice of 注意,留心take off vt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名take office就
60、职,上任take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任take ones place就坐,入坐,代替take ones temperature量体温take ones time(to do) 慢慢做take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)take over 接管,接任,接收take part in参与,参加take part with 袒护,支持take place发生,举行take possession of 占有,拥有take the place of代替take the shape of 呈/取.的形状take the size of 量.的尺寸take pride in以为荣,对骄傲
61、takeseriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待take sb. by the arm 拉某人的胳膊take sb.in ones arms 拥抱某人take turns(to do) 轮流做take up for 袒护take up with 致力于,忍受,对发生兴趣51.以tear为中心tear at撕,强拉tear away 撕掉,扯开,磨损tear A away from B 从B夺走Atear down 拆毁,扯下,使瓦解,破坏(名誉)tear in/to/into pieces 把撕碎tear in two .把撕成两半tear off 扯去,扯开tear out
62、撕下,拉下tear up撕掉,撕毁52.以tell为中心tell about 讲述tell/knowapart 区别,识别tell A from B 区别A和Btell the truth 说实话tell a lie 撒谎tell sb.of/about sth.告诉某人某事53.以think为中心think about 考虑think aloud 自言自语think highly / well/much/a lot of对评价很高think little/ill/nothing of 轻视,看不起think of 想,想着,想做think of as把看作think out 仔细考虑,想通t
63、hink over仔细考虑think through想通thinkto be认为是think to oneself 沉思,暗自想think up 想出,想通,想起54.以throw为中心throw about乱丢,乱花(钱)throw at 把投向throw away 抛弃,浪费,拒绝,错失(机会)throw back 扔回,拒绝,反驳,(光线)反射throw cold water on sb. 对泼冷水,使气馁throw doubt on/upon 对怀疑throw down 推翻,拆毁,仍下,拒绝throw down ones tools 罢工throw in 插话,(免费)附送throw
64、 into 使陷入某种状态throw off 摆脱,匆匆脱掉,设法除去throw oneself into 投身于,积极从事throw out 扔出,干扰,否决throw up呕吐,放弃,举起,批评,匆匆建造throw up ones arms 举起双手,投降55.以try为中心try doing/to do 试着做/尽力做try every means 用各种办法try for 企图获得,争取,谋求try on 试穿try ones best尽力try out 试验,提炼,参加选拔赛56.以trust为中心enjoy the trust of 得到的信任have / put trust in
65、 信任in trust 受托的,代为保管的take on trust对不加考察信以为真trust on 信赖trust A to B(=trust B with A)把A委托给B57.以turn为中心give a new turn to 对予以新的看法turn away把打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向in ones turn 轮到某人做某事out of turn 不按次序的,不合适宜的take ones turn to do 轮到做turn a blind eye to 对视而不见turn against 背叛,采取敌对态度turn back 折回,往回走turn down 折叠,翻下,驳
66、回,拒绝考虑turn into 走进;变成,变为turn to for help 求助于turn off 关上,解雇,避开(问题)turn on 打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于turn ones attention to 把注意力转向 turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是turn out to be 原来是,证明是,结果是turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页,改过自新turn (a)round 旋转,转过身来;改变意见;turn to 变成;着手于turn upside down 颠倒过来,翻过来58.以watch为中心be on watch值班,值勤keep (
67、a) watch 守望,值班,留心on the watch (for) 密切注意,看守着,警惕着watch ones time /opportunity 等待时机watch out (for) 当心,监视,注意,提防watch over 查看,监视,看守watch ones weight 留心体重watch ones step 当心,留心七、常考动词的搭配以介词为词源的短语动词英语中有许多动词可以和其他词类组成固定搭配,这些固定搭配是考试中的命题重点。如果平时不注意积累和总结,就很容易造成没有必要的错误。这里把近几年高考试卷上经常出现的一些动词的固定搭配做一总结: 1.动词+about spe
68、ak/talk about谈论 think about思考 care about关心,对.有兴趣 bring about引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about发生 hear about听说 worry about为.担心 2.动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away吹走 carry away拿走,使入迷 clear away清除掉,消散 die away逐渐消失 pass away 去世 wash away冲走 take away拿走 put away收拾起来,存起来 give away背弃,泄露 wear away磨掉,消耗 break aw
69、ay摆脱 send away让走开 turn away把.打发走 3.动词+back keep back隐瞒,忍住 hold back控制住 call back回电话 look back回顾 give back归还 take back拿回,收回 4.动词+for run for竞选 ask for要求得到 wait for等候 long for渴望 care for关心,喜欢 search for查找 call for要求,需要 change for用.换 apply for申请 seek for寻找 stand for代表,表示 hope/wish for希望得到 beg for乞求 loo
70、k for寻找 hunt for寻找 charge for收费,要价 take for误以为.是 come for来拿,来取 5.动词+down burn down 烧毁 take down记下,记录 cut down削减,砍倒 pass down 传下来 calm down平静下来 settle down 安家 tear down 拆毁,拆除 break down坏了,垮了,分解 turn down调小,拒绝 slow down慢下来 put down记下,写下,镇压 bring down使.降低,使倒下 come down下落,传下 6.动词+at come at 向.袭击 run at冲
71、向,向.攻击 tear at用力撕 stare at凝视 glance at匆匆一瞥 knock at敲门,窗等 smile at冲某人笑 aim at向.瞄准 wonder at惊讶 shout at冲某人嚷嚷 work at干.活动研究 look at看,注视 glare at怒视 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 strike at向.打击 shoot at向.射击 call at拜访地点 7.动词+from differ from与.不同 suffer from受.苦 hear from收到.来信 die from因.而死 keep/stop/prevent from不让.做
72、 learn from向.学习 date from始于.时候 result from由于 separate from把.分离开 8.动词+of think of想到 consist of由.组成 approve of赞成 talk of谈到 complain of抱怨 dream of梦到 speak of 读到 die of死于 hear of听说 become of发生.情况,怎么啦 9.动词+off start off出发 set off出发 leave off中断 show off炫耀 get off下车 see off送行 put off延期,推迟 cut off切断,断绝 keep
73、 off避开,勿走近 knock off把.撞落 pay off还清 get off脱下衣服等 trun/switch off关掉 take off脱下,起飞 ring off挂断电话 come off脱掉,褪色 fall off跌落,掉下 go off走开,消失,坏了 break off打断 carry off携走,带走 give off散发出 10.动词+on depend on依靠 insist on坚持 keep/go on继续 put on穿上,戴上,上演 move on 继续移动,往前走 feed on以.为生 take on 雇佣,呈现 have on穿着 look on 旁观
74、rely on依靠 carry on继续,进行 spend on在.花钱 call on拜访 live on以.为生 bring on使.发展 try on试穿 pass on传授,传递 turn/switch on打开 11.动词+out break out爆发 point out指出 pick out选出 burst out迸发 carry out 执行 hold out坚持下去 figure out 算出 bring out 阐明,使表现出 help out救助 set out出发,着手 wear out穿破,使.疲劳 make out 理解,看清楚 cross out划掉 keep o
75、ut of使不进入,挡住 find out查出,弄明白 try out 试用,试验 put out 扑灭 hand out 散发 run out用完 let out泄露,发出声音 turn out 结果是,生产 come out出版,出来 leave out省略,删掉 work out算出,想出办法等 give out散发,分发,用完 look out当心,堤防 speak out大胆讲出 send out发出,派遣 go out 熄灭12.动词+in give in让步 bring in引进,使得到收入 result in导致 join in参加 get in收获,进入 fill in填写
76、cut in插入 look in来访,参观 hand in上交 drop in拜访 succeed in在.获得成功 take in接纳,吸收 break in强制进入,插话 call in召集,来访 persist in坚持 13.动词+into look into研究,调查 burst into闯入,迸发 change into把.变成 run into碰到 turn into变成 divide into把.分成 put/translate into把.译成 14.动词+over turn over翻倒,细想 go over审阅,检查,研究 get over克服 take over接管,接
77、替 fall over跌倒,摔倒 think over仔细考虑 look over翻阅,检查 run over压死,看一遍 watch over看守,照看 roll over翻滚 15.动词+to belong to属于 refer to谈到,涉及,参阅 turn to向.求助,查阅 see to处理,料理 reply to答复 object to反对 point to指向 stick/hold/keep to坚持,忠于 come to 共计,苏醒 get to到达 bring to使苏醒 agree to同意 supply to为.提供 add to增添 devote to贡献给 compa
78、re to与.相比,把.比作 write to写信给 lead to导致,通向 attend to处理 16.动词+up grow up 成长,长大 build up建立 put up 搭起,架起,安装,住宿,张贴,盖起 do up整理,包装,打扮 get up起床,站起 bring up抚养,呕吐,提出 stay up挺住,熬夜 sit up熬夜 use up用完 lay up积蓄 cut up切碎 end up总结 speed up加快速度 clear up整理,收拾,放晴 burn up烧毁 hurry up赶快 keep up保持 send up发射 open up开创,开辟 brea
79、k up分解 give up放弃,献出 set up架起,建立 go up增长,上涨 pick up拾起,学会,用车,来接,收听到 turn up开大,出席,出现 take up开始学,从事,占据 eat up吃完 tear up撕碎 make up构成,组成 join up联结起来,参军 come up上来,长出,出现 throw up呕吐 look up查找,找出 catch up赶上 fix up修理,安排,装置 hold up耽搁,使停顿 ring up打电话 divide up分配 17.动词+through get through通过,干完,接通电话 go through审阅,检查
80、,学习 see through识破 pull through渡过危机,康复 look through 翻阅,看一遍,仔细查看 put through接通电话 check through核对 18.动词+with deal with处理,对付 meet with遇到,遭受 agree with同意,与.一致 combine with与.相联合 do with处理,需要 talk with同.交流 compare with与.相比 equip with以.装备 cover with用.覆盖 end with以.结束 provide with 以.供给 begin with以.开始 supply w
81、ith以.供给 play with 玩,玩弄 19.三词以上的短语动词 add up to总计 keep away fro避开,别靠近m look down on 轻视 put up with忍受 keep up with 赶上 make up for弥补 get on/along with和.相处 get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 set fire to放火烧 take notice of注意 do well in在.干得好 take a photo of拍.照片 make fun of开玩笑,取笑 get used to习惯于 keep in touch wit
82、h保持联系 come into being出现 take pride in为.而自豪 take an interest in对.感兴趣 make a fool of愚弄 take charge of负责 make friends with同.交朋友 take part in参加 catch sight of看见 break away from摆脱 do away with废除 look up to仰望,尊敬 catch up with 赶上 run out of用完 go on with继续 look forward to盼望 take hold of握住 get down to认真开始 pa
83、y attention to注意 set an example to为.树立榜样 pay a visit to访问 take the place of取代 make use of利用 get into the habit of染上.的习惯 get rid of摆脱 keep an eye on堤防 take care of照看 help oneself to随便吃,用 make room for给.让地方 take advantage of利用 take pity on可怜 play a part in 起作用,扮演.的角色 lose sight of看八、动词+宾语+介词类型的动词短语的总结
84、1)动词+宾语+ for:ask(要求);blame(责备);compensate(赔偿);criticize(批评);excuse(原谅);forgive(原谅);mistake(误认为);praise (称赞);punish(惩罚);recommend(推荐);remember(记得);reward(报答);search(搜查);scold(责备);take(当作);thank(感谢);turn to(求助于)如:I dont blame you for doing that.我认为你做那件事是情有可原的。He excused himself for arriving late.他为自己迟
85、到辩解。You should compensate him for his loss.你应该赔偿他的损失。2)动词+宾语+ from:choose(挑选);delete(删除);dissuade(劝阻);excuse(使免除);remove(移去);restrain(抑制);keep(阻止);prevent(阻止);protect(保护);save(拯救);separate(分离)。如:He deleted those unimportant details from his report.他将那些不太重要的细节从报告中删去。He could not restrain himself from
86、 shouting aloud.他克制不住自己要大声喊叫。The heavy rain prevented me from going to school.下大雨,我去不了学校。3)动词+宾语+ in:gain(增加);employ(花费时间、精力等);encourage(鼓励);invest(投资、买);involve(使陷入、使承担)例如:He encouraged me in doing the work.他鼓励我做这项工作。4)动词+宾语+ into:argue(说服);force(强迫);persuade(劝说);reason(说服);talk(说服);trick(诱使);frigh
87、ten(惊吓);reason(说服)如:He knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking.他知道惊乱会致使眼镜蛇受惊咬人。She finally talked me into accepting her terms.她最终说服我接受她的条件。5)动词+宾语+ of:accuse(控告);acquit(宣告无罪);assure(确信);cheat(骗取);convict (定罪);convince(使信服);cure(治愈);deprive(剥夺);dispossess(使失去);divest(摆脱、剥夺);drain(耗
88、尽);ease(缓和、减轻);inform(告知);notify(报告);relieve(解除);remind(提醒);rid(从去除);rob(抢夺);strip(剥夺);suspect(怀疑);warn(预先通知)如:This convinced us of his honesty.这使我们相信他是诚实的。The scoundrel cheated the boy of his money.那个恶棍骗了孩子的钱。Let me relieve you of your suitcase.我来帮你提皮箱吧。6)动词+宾语+ on:congratulate(祝贺);enjoin(命令、叮嘱);fo
89、rce(强迫);impose(强加)如:We sent them a telegram, congratulating them on their success.我们给他们发了一封电报,祝贺他们的成功。Your ideas may be wonderful but dont force them on me.你的想法也许很好,但不要强迫我接受。7)动词+宾语+ with:acquaint(使熟悉);arm(使装备);busy(忙于);charge(指控);combine(结合);compare(比较);confuse(混淆);endow(赋予);entrust(委托);familiarize
90、(使熟悉);fill(充满、装满);furnish(装备、供给);help(帮助);load(装载);present(赠送);provide(供应);serve(供给);stock(使具备、备有);supply(供应);trouble(使烦恼、打扰);trust(委托)如:All through a mans life-from birth to death-he must be supplied with energy.人的整个一生-从生到死-都必须得到能量的供给。They entrusted him with the task.他们把任务委托给他。8)动词+宾语+ by (on, in) +身体部位:catch(抓住);hit(打中);pull(拉);shake(握住);seize(抓住);sting(刺中);strike(打、敲);take(抓住)如:The ball hit the girl on the nose.球打在女孩的鼻子上。