1、Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the starsA VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.We visited the moon in our spaceship！月球之旅我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球！助读讲解名词visit后接to，意为“到的旅行”，to为介词。have
2、a chance to do sth.有机会做某事。Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity(万有引力) would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off.As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying
3、 to escape the pull拉(力) of the earths gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other.Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are to
4、o far from the earth now to feel its pull，”he explained，“so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.” I cheered up immediately and floated(漂浮) weightlessly(失重地) around in our spaces
5、hip cabin(船舱) watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就启航了。随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。随后，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像没有地球引力了。当
6、我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。助读讲解explain sth.to sb.“向某人解释某事”。本句中explain的宾语是两个that从句。 be off离开，起飞。watching.为现在分词短语作伴随状语。When we got there，I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on，” I said.“If you are right，my weight will be less than o
7、n the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough.I shall certainly weigh less！” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the eart
8、h and fell over.“Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月亮比地球小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从飞船的梯级上爬下来。而当我试着向前迈
9、步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自如了。助读讲解动名词walking作主语，does为助动词，加强语气，意为“确实”，后接动词原形。 get the hang of熟悉，掌握，理解。Leaving the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths.But returning to the earth was very frightening.We watched，amazed
10、 as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting(使精疲力尽) but very exciting too，” I said.“Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”
11、 “Of course，” he smiled，“which star would you like to go to？”摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了。你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗？”“当然可以”，他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”助读讲解as painful as.“像一样痛苦”。as fire.和as the earths.都是状语从句。第一步速读了解文章主题
12、和段落大意.速读P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意1The passage mainly talks about Awhat the moon isBmy visit to the moonCthe difference between the earth and the moonDLi Yanping，my friend，who is an astronomer答案B2Para.1AWe visited the moon in our spaceship!3Para.2 BWhen we got there，I wanted to explore immediately.4Par
13、a.3 CBut returning to the earth was very frightening.5Para.4 DBefore we left，Li Yanping explained to me.the most powerful.答案25ADBC第二步细读把控文章关键信息细读P3031教材课文，选择最佳答案1When we were going up，we felt Awe were pressed against our seatsBwe were lighter than we are on the earthCas if we were flyingDthe rocket
14、was shaking strongly2Why cant the spaceship fall back to the earth?ABecause the moons gravity pulls it up.BBecause it is too far away from the earth.CBecause the earth has no gravity.DBecause the spaceship is not very heavy.3When I was on the moon，I felt I was than I am on the earth.AslowerBheavierC
15、cleverer Dlighter4If a baby is growing on the moon，when he grows up，he will grow than he is on the earth.Ataller BshorterCfatter Dthinner答案14ABDA第三步研读能力升华，接轨高考根据P3031教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Last month，Li Yanping and I made a trip to the moon 1.in a spaceship.Li told me that the gravity force wo
16、uld change three times.First，2.when we escaped the pull of the earths gravity，we were 3.pushed(push) back into our seats.Closer to the moon，there was 4.less(little) gravity.I 5.cheered(cheer) up immediately and floated 6.weightlessly(weight) around in our spaceship cabin.On the moon，my weight was le
17、ss than on the earth.Walking 7.did(do) need a bit of practice now that gravity had changed.After a while I got the hang 8.of it and we began to enjoy 9.ourselves(our)But returning to the earth was very 10.frightening(frighten)We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.单词拼写根据
18、汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1Dont pull(拉) so hard or the handle will go off.2Many people dont like the climate (气候)there.3The gentle (温柔的) smile on her face relaxes us.4As is known to all，smoking is harmful to our health.5The smell of new bread floated in the air.I felt hungry.6The car went out of control and cr
19、ashed into the back of a bus.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的gently adv.温和地2physics n物理学physical adj.物理的；物理学的；体力的physicist n物理学家3extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的extinction n灭绝；绝种.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1block out挡住(光线)2cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋3get the hang of 掌握4break out 突发，爆发5watch out for 当心，提防.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1Tha
20、t wall blocks out all the light.2A big fire broke out in his house and he lost everything.3Cheer up！We nearly reached the top of the hill.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，
21、月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。asadj.a/ann.as意为“像一样的”。Please give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩又充实的生活。2.“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that既然，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可省略。Now that
22、you have grown up，you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母了。 pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。pull down拆毁；拆掉(建筑物)pull in 进站停靠；驶
23、向路边(或某处)停靠pull out 拿出；取出；离站；(使)摆脱困境pull up (使车)停住，停下They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.他们用绳子的一端绑住石头然后拉。After he waited for two hours，the train finally pulled(pull) in.他等了两个小时后，火车终于进站了。巧学助记对比记忆push/pull推push拉pull cheer (sb.) up感到高兴；感到振奋(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and float
24、ed weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。(1)cheer sb.on(赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的cheering n. 欢呼，喝彩 adj. 令人振奋的，令人高兴的cheers int. (用于祝酒)干杯；再见；谢谢I tried to cheer her up
25、 by telling her the good news.我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。Cathy didnt expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends.凯西没有期待任何奖励，但是仍旧在那里为朋友们加油鼓劲。She is so cheerful (cheer)that everyone likes her.她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。语境助记The cheering news made the boy cheerful，which made his parents cheer up too.这个
26、令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母也感到高兴。图形助记 break out(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生；爆发(教材P31)We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球的引力增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。break down出故障；失败；垮掉；垮下来；分解break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)break into 强行闯入；突然起来break up 解散；打碎；驱散The Second Worl
27、d War broke out in September，1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。The thief broke into my house and stole my money.小偷破门而入我家，偷了我的钱。The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.他正在网上搜信息时电脑系统突然出故障了。 watch out for密切注意；当心；提防，留意Watch out for the haze；it may do great har
28、m to us.当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大的损害。(1)watch out当心；小心watch over 照看；看守(2)look outtake carebe careful 注意，当心I think you should watch out for that mandont be cheated by him.我认为你应该当心那个人，别被他骗了。It was my duty to watch over the children.照看那些孩子是我的职责。 (教材P31)When we get closer to the moon，we shall feel its gravity
29、 pulling us，but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。as strong a pull as the earths 属于“asadj.a/ann.as”结构，意为“像一样的”，其中的名词必须是可数名词的单数形式，此结构用于否定句中可用“not so/as.as.”结构。as.as.结构的具体形式有：as/so形容词a/an可数名词单数as.像一样的as/so形容词/副词原级as.像一样和一样多He is so clever a boy as
30、everyone likes.他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明孩子。His bedroom is not as/so neat as his elder sisters.他的卧室没有他姐姐的整洁。Youve made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 (教材P31)“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” (1)now that在意思和用法上同since，引导原因
31、状语从句，口语中that可省略。(2)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：since，because，as，considering(that)，seeing that，in that等。(3)引导原因状语的短语：due to，thanks to，because of，as a result of，owing to，on account of等。Now that everyone is here，lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。Since the professors lecture is very interesting，why not go and
32、attend it?既然教授的报告很有趣，为什么不参加呢？Seeing (see) that nobody was at home，I had to leave.由于没人在家，我也只好走了。.单句语法填空1The motorcycle ran so fast that it crashed(crash)into the stone.2“You miss them，dont you？”he asked gently(gentle)3As we all know，Qian Xuesen is a famous physicist(physical) in the world.4After a lo
33、ng journey，the children were all exhausted(exhaust)5The young woman was interested in biology(biologist) when she was in the university.6The train pulled(pull) into the station and the passengers got off one by one.7A great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.8All the visitors wer
34、e told to watch out for the dangerous animals while visiting the zoo.9The fans cheered up when they saw their favorite star.10How the big forest fire has broken out remains to be a mystery.完成句子1这本词典不如你想象的那样有用。This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.2当习主席出现时，所有的学生都高兴起来。When Chairman Xi turned up，all the students cheered up3既然你已是个大学生了，就应当学着独立。Now that you are a college student，you should learn to be independent.4她买了一幅厚窗帘来挡住光线。She bought a heavy curtain to block out the light.5我们的新图书馆是旧图书馆的四倍大。Our new library is four times larger than the old one.