1、第13讲 it的用法及强调句型it的用法一、it作指示代词【完成句子】 用one，ones，it，that，those填空 (1) I cant find my watch. You havent found _？ If you want to buy a new _， I suggest you buy _ made in China. (2) Weve got a big cup and two small _. (3) The weight of an elephant is much greater than _ of a tiger. (4) The books on the fir
2、st shelf are easier than _ on the second shelf. (5) The boy told his story and _ of the girl upstairs. 【答案】 (1) it; one; one (2) ones (3) that (4) those / the ones (5) that / the one【结论1】 指代上文提过的事物时，it指的是同名同物，相当于the名词； one指的是同名异物，表示单数可数名词相当于a 名词；a / an形容词one等于a / an形容词名词；复数形式用ones； that后面常有后置定语，有特指意
3、义，代替不可数名词或单数可数名词，相当于the名词； 复数名词用those，相当于the ones。 【例句观察】 Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it? It must be Leo. He said hed come to see me. 【结论2】it指代人时，常指小孩或身份不明的人。【例句观察】 Its too quiet in the room. Everyone just keeps silent. 【结论2】it可用以指代环境或情况。【完成例句】 来源:Z|xx|k.Com 根据语境补全句子 (6) What time is it
4、now? Its half past seven. (7) It is spring now and its warm these days. 【结论4】 it可用以指代时间、季节、天气或距离。【注意】 it指代时间时，有如下一些句型： (1) It is time for sth. (for sb.)to do sth. / that从句(should do / did, 必须用虚拟语气) 例： Its time for lunch. Its time for us to clean the house. Its time that we should clean the house. It
5、s time that we cleaned the house. (2) It is / has been some time since从句 (从句用一般过去时) (3) It / This is the first / secondtime that从句(必须使用现在完成时)这是某人第次做了某事。 It / That was the first / secondtime that从句(必须使用过去完成时) 例：It is the second time that she has visited the Great Wall. This was the first time that I
6、had come late to school. (4) It was 时间点 when 从句 例： It was evening when we got home. It was evening in which we got home. (5) It was / will be some time before 从句例：过了5年他们才从北大毕业。 It was five years before they finally graduated from Beijing University. 不久，我们就要从我们学校毕业了。来源:学科网 It wont be long before we g
7、raduate from our school. 二、it作形式主语【完成例句】 根据语境补全句子 (8) It is possible for me to make a tour around the world. 【结论】代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正主语。为平衡句子，通常把不定式作主语改为it 作形式主语。 三、it作形式宾语【例句观察】 How did it come about that so many people were attacked? She feels it hard to get in touch with her old friend. Mobile pho
8、nes make it possible for us to keep in touch anywhere. I have made it a rule to get up early.【结论1】 it可以用在某些固定句型中，例如： How did it come about that从句意为“怎么发生的？” it 作形式宾语常用结构有：代替由不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语。常见结构有：主语 think / consider / find / feel / make / believe / regard itadj. / n. (for sb.)to do. 【例句观察】I consid
9、er it no good chatting with strangers through the Internet.【结论2】主语 think / consider / find / feel it no good / use doing sth. 【例句观察】 I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.【结论3】主语hate / dislike / love / like it when从句，表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。【例句观察】 I really appreciate it if you could help me with
10、my math.【结论4】主语appreciate it if从句【例句观察】 You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab. You can depend upon it that we wont give up. I answer for it that she is an honest girl. 来源:学科网ZXXK【结论5】主语see to / answer for it that从句(确保) 主语depend on it that从句(指望，确信)四、带it的一些固定词组 1(Youve
11、/ Ive) got it. 懂了，明白了 2. Forget it. 算了吧，别在意，没关系。 3. take it easy 别着急，慢慢来；别过于紧张 4. make it 办得到，做成功 5. make it 时间把定在(某时) 6. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情况而定。 7. It cant be helped. 没有办法。 / 这是不可避免的。 8. It is hard to say. 情况很难说。来源:学科网 9. It comes to nothing. 没有什么结果。10. Dont mention it. 不用谢。11. Thats it.
12、对了；正是。12. catch it(口语)被责骂； 受处罚13. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。14. It doesnt matter. 没有关系； 不要紧；15. When it comes to当谈到； 当涉及16. Keep it up. 再接再厉。强调句型一、强调句型的基本用法 1强调句结构：It is / was 被强调部分that 句子的其余部分。 2句型解读： (1) it是引导词，强调的内容可以是句子的主语、宾语、状语。如果被强调的部分是人，that 可用who代替，其他情况一律用that。 (2) 验证强调句的方法： 去掉It is / wasthat
13、 结构后，可以把被强调的部分与句子其余部分还原为一个完整的句子。二、强调句型的考点【例句观察】 (1) It was Edison who invented the lamp. (2) It is Edison who invents the lamp. 【结论1】注意时态的一致性。原句中用的是过去的某种时态， 用it wasthat；原句中用的是现在或将来的某种时态，用it isthat 【例句观察】 It is I that am your English teacher. 【结论2】当被强调的部分是主语时，注意保持主谓一致。【例句观察】 He didnt go to bed until
14、he finished his homework. (对画线部分进行强调) It wasnt until he finished his homework that he went to bed. (强调句) 【结论3】not until 结构用于强调句中，not 要提前到until之前，放在be动词后。即：It wasnt until that 句子的其余部分。【例句观察】来源:Zxxk.Com Was it not until he finished his homework that he went to bed?【结论4】强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is / Was it 被强调部分 th
15、at句子的其余部分。【完成句子】When was it that he went to bed?【结论5】强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词 is / was it that 句子的其余部分。【例句观察】 I really dont know when it was that he went to bed. 【结论6】含有强调句型的特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，注意用陈述语序。【疑难】It is in the city where he was born that he works. 他工作的地方是他出生的那个城市。【疑难剖析】强调句中的被强调部分含有一个定语从句，要注意区别、分析。 It is /
16、 was 被强调部分定语从句that (who)句子的其余部分北京市2012届高三下学期综合练习试题分类汇编之阅读理解：北京市石景山区第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhen I was eight, I saw a movie about an island that had an erupting volcano and jungles filled with wild animalsThe island was ruled by a beautif
17、ul woman called Tondalaya, the Fire Goddess of the VolcanoIt was a low budget movie, but to me, it represented the perfect lifeBut through the years, Tondalaya was forgottenThe week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden endMy house, furniture and everything Id owned was sold to pay debts that I
18、didnt even know existedIn a week I had lost my husband, my home and my parents who had refused to accept a divorce in the familyId lost everything except my four teenage childrenI used every penny I had to buy five plane tickets from Missouri to HawaiiEveryone said I was crazy to think I could just
19、run off to an island and surviveI was afraid they were rightI worked 18 hours a day and lost 30 pounds because I lived on one meal a dayOne night as I walked alone on the beach, I saw the red orange lava（火山岩） pouring out of Kilauea Volcano in the distanceIt was time to live my imagination!The next d
20、ay, I quit my job, bought some art supplies and began doing what I lovedI hadnt painted a picture in 15 yearsI wondered if 1 could Still paintMy hands trembled the first time I picked up a brushBut before an hour had passed, I was lost in the colors spreading across the canvas（画布） in front of meAnd
21、as soon as I started believing in myself, other people started believing in me, tooThe first painting sold for $ 1500The past six years have been filled with adventuresMy children and I have gone swimming with dolphins, watched whales and hiked around the crater rim （火山口边缘） of the volcanoWe wake up
22、every morning with the ocean in front of us and the volcano behind usThe dream I had more than 40 years ago is now realityIm living freely and happily ever after56Why did the writer go to Hawaii?ATo make a livingBTo spend her holiday CTo free herself from trouble DTo realize her childhood dream57Whi
23、ch of the following is the writers dream?AGet close to wildlifeBLive a free and happy lifeCLive in nature with animals.DBecome a successful painter58We can infer from the passage that _Athe writer had never done painting beforeBthe writers parents encouraged her to divorceCthe writers husband took a
24、way most of her moneyDthe writer wasnt sure whether she could survive in Hawaii at firstBThe Homeless World Cup is an international football tournament, where teams made up entirely of people who are homeless competeThe event has been held annually since 2003It was at the end of 2001 that Mel Young,
25、 a famous expert in the media industry, came up with the idea of the Homeless World Cup18 months later the first event took place in Austria It was such a success that people decided to do moreThere are some interesting and special rules of the eventFor example, players（male or female at least 16 ye
26、ars old） must have been homeless at some time after the previous-years World Cup, or make their main living income by selling newspapers in the street, or be asylum （政治避难） seekersAnyone can take part, regardless of his or her abilitiesThere are at most 4 players per team to compete in the fieldGames
27、 are 14 minutes longIn 2007, 48 nations, 500 players took a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to represent their countries for true spirit and glory in Copenhagen, DenmarkThe winner in 2007 was ScotlandThe 2008 Homeless World Cup took place in Melbourne, AustraliaAnd in 2009 it was held in MilanThe lat
28、est Homeless World Cup was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in September 2010 Paris 2011 Homeless World Cuptakes place August followed by the Mexico City 2012 Homeless World CupThe success of the competition has been in two aspectsto attract the worlds attention to the problems of homelessness and als
29、o to help participants live a better lifeAccording to a survey by the Homeless World Cup Organization after 2006 Homeless World Cup, 92% of the players had a new motivation for life, 93 players successfully got rid of their dependency on drugs and alcohol, 44% improved their housing situation and 72
30、% continued to play football59According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?AThe first Homeless World Cup took place in 2003BThe Homeless World Cup was held every other yearCThe host country of the 9th Homeless World Cup was AustraliaDAnyone who is homeless can take part in the Homeless W
31、orld Cup60The aim of the Homeless World Cup is to _Apromote the cause of footballBhelp the homeless live a better lifeCdraw attention to those living in povertyDcall on homeless people to unite and compete for honor61What can we learn from the last paragraph?AMost players moved out of povertyBHomele
32、ss players became professional footballersC93% of the players were independent of drugs and alcoholDThe Homeless World Cup helped homeless people change their lives62What would be the best title for this passage?ATo End HomelessnessBFootball for EveryoneCHope for the Homeless PlayersDBeating Homeles
33、sness Through FootballCAlthough new laws have been passed in some American states to cut down on Distracted(分心的） driving , many accidents and deaths were still related with it, especially using cell phones while drivingRecently the Obama administration is considering disabling cell phones in cars ai
34、ming to cut down cell-phone-related road deathsTransportation Secretary Ray LaHood, the nations anti-distracted-driving supporter, said in an interview on November 18 that federal officials are looking at technology to disable cell phones inside carsI think it will be done, LaHood saidI think the te
35、chnology is there and I think youre going to see the technology become adaptable in automobiles to disable these cell phones- We need to do a lot more if we were going to save livesAlso on Thursday, the transportation government started a new Faces of Distracted Driving video campaign that features
36、people who have been killed or lost their loved ones because of inattentive driversThe video features heartbreaking stories of children killed, in crashes because of phoning or text messaging, and new videos are expected to be added every few weeksA driver is four times more likely to crash while us
37、ing a mobile phoneMore than 5,500 people were killed last year by distracted drivers, and another 500,000 were injuredLaHood has said it is never safe to talk on a cell phone while driving, hands-free or not, because it can really cause distractionIncidentally, a lot of people seem to agree with thi
38、s viewpointa new research shows nearly two-thirds of Americans support a national ban on the use of cell phones while driving, even if the driver is using a hands-free device（装置）But the research didnt ask how people feel about government-issued mobile phone scramblers or other disabling devices63We
39、can learn from the text that Ray LaHood _Ais in charge of the invention of the technologyBis strongly for the use of the technology in carsCthinks its easy and practical to invent the technologyDthinks its unnecessary to use cell phone while driving64The Faces of Distracted Driving video campaign ai
40、ms to _Afind out the real drivers who caused the accidentsBshow that most of the victims in car crashes are childrenCmake the public aware of the terrible results of distracted drivingDcall on drivers to buy the new device which disables cell phones in cars65In the last paragraph, the mobile phone s
41、cramblers are probably _.Aa kind of disabling devicesBa kind of hands-free devicesCa new kind of cell phonesDnew devices to help text messaging66We can infer from me text that _Amost people realize the harmfulness of distracted drivingBthe disabling devices in cars will be widely used if it is freeC
42、most people would like to choose hands-free devices while drivingDthe writer is not sure whether disabling devices will be accepted by the driversDAre you stressed out, scared or worried all the time? Do you avoid going to certain places, seeing friends or doing certain things because of your worrie
43、s? Do your worries keep you awake at night? If youve answered yes, you may be suffering from anxietyAnxiety is a normal and necessary part of lifeAnxiety is your brains way of telling you about dangerIt is anxiety which helps you jump out of the way if a car is speeding towards youBut if it gets out
44、 of hand, anxiety can get in the way of your getting on with life and can become a real problemIf this is the case for you, treatment may be a helpful way for you to get your anxiety under controlAnxiety is a normal part of lifeSome people may feel uneasy if moving to a new place and some may get ov
45、erly anxious in certain situationsThere are lots of reasons for thisOne main reason is after a stressful thing which has happened in your lifeSo, if you are involved in a car crash, its quite likely that you will be more worried than other people around cars and drivingBeing anxious also probably ru
46、ns in familiesIf your parents suffer from anxiety then you are more likely to be anxious tooThis is probably partly due to genetics, and partly because of how things are when youre growing upEven though people dont talk about it much, anxiety is one of the most common mental health problemsAbout 1 i
47、n 4 people will have an anxiety problem at some time in their lifeIf you have an anxiety problem its hard for other people to understand why something that doesnt worry them, like being in a crowd of people, can be so scary for youThis can make you feel separated and lonely, as may become worse and
48、worseThe good news is there are lots of excellent treatments available for anxietyThese include taking therapies （疗法） and drugs67Which of the following statements is true about, anxiety?AWith anxiety you are far away from traffic accidentsBIts abnormal for people to get too anxious after a stressful
49、 thingCAlmost everybody has a certain degree of anxiety in certain situationsDWhen you feel stressed out, scared or worried, you are surely suffering from anxiety68Which of the following reasons for anxiety is NOT mentioned in the passage?AIllness BExperience CGenetics DEnvironment69What can we infe
50、r from the fifth and sixth paragraph in the passage?AAnxiety is the most common mental health problemBThose suffering from anxiety need others understanding badlyCAbout a quarter of the population are suffering from anxiety nowDOnce you suffer from anxiety, youd better seek for medical treatment70Th
51、e author will most probably talk about _ following this passageAwhat is about anxiety Bwhat causes anxietyChow to handle anxiety Dwhen anxiety becomes serious第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Meaning of HappinessAre you happy? I asked my brother, Lan, one day,YesNoIt depen
52、ds what you mean, he saidThen tell me, I said, when was the last time you think you were happy?April 1967,he said,It served me right for putting a serious question to someone who has joked his way through lifeBut Lans answer reminded me that when we think about happiness, we usually think of somethi
53、ng extraordinary, a pinnacle（顶点） of sheer （纯粹的） delight, 71 72 I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school playOf course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreservedIn the t
54、eenage years, the concept of happiness changes 73 I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going toI also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young manIn adulthood the things that bring great joy
55、birth, love, marriage also bring responsibility and the risk of lossLove may not last; loved ones dieFor adults, happiness is complexMy dictionary defines happy as lucky or fortunateBut I think a better definition of happiness is the ability to enjoy something 74 Its easy to overlook the pleasure we
56、 get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good healthWhile happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as everHappiness isnt about what happens to us; its the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a diffic
57、ulty as a challenge 75 AFor a child, happiness has a magic qualityBYou never know where happiness will turn up nextCSo we chase it and make it equal to wealth and successDAnd those pinnacles seem to get rarer, the older we getEThe more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we areFIts not wishing for what we dont have, but enjoying what we do possessGSuddenly its conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity