1、情态动词与虚拟语气一、考点解读情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系，它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考试题中，对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有。纵观近几年的高考试题可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查热点主要包括： 1. 准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。 2. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气结构中的使用。 3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather从句， Its time从句等句型中的虚拟语气。4. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词汇后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。5. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。二、题例精讲（）1. They_ have arrived
2、 at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. AwillBcan Cmust Dshould【解析】 D考查情态动词的用法。should have done表达“本应该做然而没有做成”。C项有一定的干扰性，must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。（）2.If you_ smoke，please go outside. Acan Bshould Cmust Dmay【解析】 C考查情态动词。must在这里表示“偏偏，非要”的意思。结合句意：如果你非要吸烟的话，请到外面去。所以选C。can表示“能力”；should表示“应当”；may表示
3、“可能”。（）3.I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust not Bneed not Cwould not Dmight not【解析】 D考查情态动词。由后面的“not certain （不确定的）what his plans were”可以看出，他可能不来，所以选D。A项表示“不准，禁止”；B项表示“没必要”；C项不符合时态要求。（）4. Where are the children?
4、 The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they_ always late. A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been 【解析】 A考查虚拟语气。由第一个人所说的话可以看出，他担心孩子们来了会把准备好的晚餐给破坏了，由此可以看出，第二句wish 后是对现在或将来的虚拟，用一般过去时即可。（）5. I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was comin
5、g C. would come D. would have come【解析】 D考查虚拟语气。由but 后的句子可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以应该用would have done 结构。句意为：我该早来一会儿的，但是我不知道他们在等我。（）6.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you_， in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can 【解析】 B考查情态动词。根据问题“要我马上告知他计划的改变吗？”
6、可知答句为“恐怕你必须如此，以防他开会迟到”。 （）7.Hows your new babysitter?We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. Ashould Bmight C. mustnt Dcouldnt【解析】 D考查情态动词。根据句意“你们的新保姆怎么样？”“我们不能再要求更好的了，孩子们都很喜欢她。”这里couldnt表示“不能”，符合句意。should表示“应该，应当”；might表示“可能”；mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”。（）8. The police still havent found the
7、 lost child, but theyre doing all they _. Acan Bmay Cmust Dshould【解析】 A考查情态动词。can表能力。do all （that） one can意为“竭尽全力”。句意为：“虽然警察仍未找到那个失踪的孩子，但他们正竭尽所能。”（）9.Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. Acould Bmight Cwould Dshould【解析】 C考查情态
8、动词。答语句意：我本来想去，但母亲偏不让我深夜外出。would用于否定句中，表示“不肯，总是不”。（）10.I_ through that bitter period without your generous help. Acouldnt have gone Bdidnt go Cwouldnt go Dhadnt gone 【解析】 A考查情态动词。所填部分表示对过去发生过的动作进行猜测，应用“情态动词 have done”句型，couldnt have done表示“过去本不可能做（但做了）”，符合题意。（）11.No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in
9、 playing basketball.Oh, you are really his big fan. Acan Bneed Cmust Dmight 【解析】 A考查情态动词。句意为：“在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。”“呵，你真是他的粉丝。”根据句意可判断选A。（）12. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill【解析】 C考查情态动词。根据句意“如果你_走，至少要等到暴风雨停下来吧。”对比四个情态动词can“能够，可能”，may“可能”，must“必须，一定”及will“将要”可知答
10、案为C。（）13. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt 【解析】 B考查情态动词的用法。句意为：在门口的不可能是邮递员，现在仅仅六点钟。A项“禁止”；B项“不可能”；C项“将不会”；D项“不必”。根据句意和语境答案为B。三、试题模拟（）1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we_ often go to the cinema together. A. would B. will C. shall D.
11、 could【解析】 A考查情态动词。句意：当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。would在这里表示（过去）常常。（）2.Where is Lucy? I cant say where she is, but she _ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers. Acan Bshould Cmust Dmay【解析】 D考查情态动词。这里表示对过去状况的推断，用“情态动词have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知，用may have
12、 done，表示“过去可能已经了”（不确定）。must have done表示“过去一定做了”（非常确定）；can have done用在此处不合适，should have done表示“过去本该做（实际却没做）”。（）3.You _ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam. Amust Bwill Cshall Dshould【解析】 C考查情态动词。句意：你在接下来的期末考试中取得好成绩的话，会得到一辆自行车作为奖励。根据句意可知，此处要用表示许诺的情态动词shall。（）4.Had
13、you listened to me, you_ in trouble now. A. are not B. be not Cwould not be D. would not have been 【解析】 C考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中， 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设， 主句表示现在可能会出现的状况， 主句中常常加now, today等时间状语， 这时主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might动词原形”。句意：你要是早听我的话， 现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。（）5.I _ you my bicycle, but I didnt expect you would c
14、ome back so soon. Amight lend Bmay lend Cmust have lentDmight have lent【解析】 D考查虚拟语气。句意为：我本可以把自行车借给你的，但是我没有想到你会这么快就回来了。might have done表示本可以做某事而实际上没有做。（）6.The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. Awould be sentBshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent【解析】 C考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求
15、、建议、命令等意义的动词（如order，suggest，command等）后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用shoulddo，should可以省略。故选C。（）7.If you _ to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain. Acame Bhad come Cwould comeDwould have come【解析】 B考查虚拟语气。从语意分析，这是非真实条件
16、句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应该选B项。（）8.Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I _ late yesterday. Dont mention it. Ashould beBwould be Cwill have beenDwould have been【解析】 D考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词would完成式。（）9.Without the help of my English teacher, I _
17、 the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. Awould win Bwould have won Cwould not win Dwould not have won【解析】 D考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadnt helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。（）10.The purpose of education _ be to provide students with a value systemnot to prepare them for a specific job. Awill Bshould CcouldDmay 【解析】 B考查情态动词辨析。句意：教育的目的应该是为学生提供一套价值观，而不是让他们为从事某一项特定的工作做好准备。情态动词should表示“应该”，合乎语境。
