1、NMET2007书面表达过程性训练材料(四)四川省成都市新都一中张世明Part A 写作基本理论 提高书面表达的档次，争取得高分甚至满分学会使用较高级的词汇词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子：Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable., our journey was comfortable.We all think he is a great man.Suddenly I thought out a good i
2、dea. .The students there neednt pay for their books.As a result the plan was a failure.When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow., she went pale with sorrow.She went to Austria in order to study music.She went to Austria.When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.In our school, there a
3、re twentysix classrooms.You can find my house easily.学会使用较丰富的句式在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。例如：When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)He did not k
4、now what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型 .It was .not until) I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虚拟语气）She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (用过去分词)They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)I wont believe what he s
5、ays. （使用状语从句）If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （使用并列句）He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)学会使用恰当的连接词使用恰当连接词，对写出一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使整篇文章上下衔接自然、紧凑，使文章有一定的流畅性，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。下面表格中是写作中经常用到的一些连接词。逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序first, second, then, finally/at last, immediat
6、ely, suddenly , soon空间顺序here, there, on one sideon the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to对称顺序for one thing, for another thing, on one hand, on the other hand转折顺序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果顺序because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of)条件顺序as long as, so long as, on condi
7、tion that, if, unless让步顺序though, as, even if/though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever递进顺序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse过渡性插入语I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know例如：On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playgrou
8、nd used to be now stands another new buildingour library. (NMET99范文)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.(NMET01范文)Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. (NMET01范文)Part B 写作必备素材人物写照、生平事迹 He was from a poor peasants family. He is about 1.72 meters in height By the ag
9、e of 14, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. She is already in her fifties, but she looks younger for her age. He is short and thin with a pair of thick glasses. She is tall and slim with big dark eyes and black hair. My English teacher, Miss Zhang, is a middle-aged woman. She often helps th
10、ose who have difficulty in doing their homework. With her help, I have caught up with my classmates. At the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. A few years later, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world Champion. He has his own way of teac
11、hing. He has much knowledge and good at teaching. All these years he has been working hard. Many times he has been praised for his excellent work. He gets on very well with us students. He is not only our good teacher but also our good friend. He is honest and always ready to help others. Thats why
12、we made him monitor. We all considered her pronunciation to be the best of all. He is a worthy person for us to learn from. He graduated from Qinghua University in 1982. An American company wanted to employ him with high pay, but he refused. He received a doctors degree in 1988. He is strict with us
13、 and careful in his work. He won the first prize in the physics contest. He devoted all his life to education. He is loved and respected by us all. She is considered as one of the best teachers year by year. With his help, we have made great progress in our studies. He will always be remembered as a
14、 great leader, a wise and warm-hearted man. He is regarded as a fighter by most of the people in the world. Miss Zhang is such a good teacher that we all love her very much. Such was Elbert Einstein, a man of great achievements. 近年来高考英语书面表达中的难句第四节：介词短语表达时间和地点1. At the party we can enjoy some wonderf
15、ul programs, such as singing, dancing and short plays.2. At the evening the Whites and their daughter will give us some wonderful performances. 3. At the meeting Mary will tell us how she can manage to learn mathematics so well.4. During the discussion, everyone can express himself freely about what
16、 he is interested in.5. During the visit you will see great changes having taken place in the past five years.6. During your stay, youll be shown around the school library, the school computer rooms and the school dining-hall.7. In class everyone is only allowed to express himself in English instead
17、 of his mother tongue. 8. During your tour the guide will tell you something wonderful about how this tower came into being.9. During your visit the headmaster will tell you something about the rapid development of our school in the past ten years. 10. At the party Liu Ying will perform Liang Zhu, a
18、 famous Chinese song by playing the Chinese violin.11. At the meeting the headmaster made a speech, singing high praise for Li Mings unselfish fine quality and he called on us to learn from her noble spirit. Part C 2007年高考写作基本功训练(词组部分)151. 搜查 152. 嚎啕大哭153. 自带午餐154. 收集事实/资金 155. 合着音乐唱歌/跳舞 156. 在红绿灯处转
19、弯157. 把某事留给某人158. 感到寂寞159. 在取得进步160. 达到目的161. 走100里路162. 编造谎言163. 使劲敲打164. 敲门165. 在有难处166. 带某人参观167. 牵手168. 弯腰169. 坐/站直170. 驱散人群171. 享有同等的权力172. 做是对/错的173. 把绑在上174. 铺开一张纸175. 传开176. 热泪盈眶177. 参加考试178. 通知某人某事179. 提醒某人某事180. 抢劫某人某物181. 安排某人做某事182. 组成183. 请三天假184. 放鞭炮185. 踩刹车186. 量体温187. 把脉188. 追尾189. 在
20、大量训练190. 为集体争光191. 以某人为榜样192. 给某人树立榜样193. 以为例194. 一天喝3次药195. 对某人鞠躬196. 头/腿/肚子疼197. 对某事有浓厚兴趣198. 保暖199. 保持传统200. 祖传2007年高考写作基本功训练(句子汉译英部分)一句多译体验1 在他的帮助下，我终于完成了这项工作。2 我花了50块钱买这本字典。3 我会尽我所能去帮助他。4 He sat there, _（手里拿着书）。5 走在大街上，他遇见了一个老朋友. 6 _（从天空中看），the city looks beautiful.7 由于不知道他的电话，他无法与Tom取得联系。8 Rew
21、rite following sentences.There is a girl. She is sitting between us. .This is a book. The book was bought yesterday.They went for a walk on the street. They saw the old man. He was knocked down by a car. The car was passing by.1Part D 十年高考英语写作真题及范文分析、总结、背诵、默写(NMET 1995NMET 2006)2001年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试
22、书面表达试题 假如你是李华。你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。周末活动（减负前）周末活动（减负后）白天：上课、做作业白天：参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等晚上：做作业晚上：看新闻、读书、看报就寝时间：11:30就寝时间：11:302002年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为40%的同学认为1、不应收门票2、公园是公众
23、休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象1、应收门票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木注意： 1、信的开头已为你写好。 2、词数：100左右。 3、参考词汇：门票：entrance feePart E 书面表达周周练EX. 1 : 联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员，请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：1） 大小：近100户人家，约500口人。2） 变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。3） 教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读
24、。注意：（1）要点齐全，前后连贯。（2）词数：100120之间。EX. 2 : 请你根据下列表格的内容，阐述一下你对减少城市人口的看法。建议项具体措施目 的1A 晚婚B 一对夫妇一个孩子减少人口自然增长（人口出生率）2严格控制外地人进城务工经商减轻外地人口对城市的压力3A 在郊区，建造生活、商业、文教、卫生、娱乐休闲生活小区B 在城市的县里建造卫星城吸引城市居民到郊区和卫星城工作和生活。参考答案:1. 如何提高书面表达的档次，争取得高分甚至满分？不少同学们可能很不理解：考试时，写出的书面表达要点齐全，表达也正确，可就是不知道为什么打不上高分。是啊，为什么呢？今天，我们就来研究如何解决这个问题。
25、首先让我们来看近年来全国高考英语书面表达的评分标准：第五档（很好）：“覆盖所有主要内容；应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑；达到了预期的写作目的。”可见，高考书面表达评分标准在语言的运用上对考生提出了更高的要求。也就是说在考查考生语言准确性的基础上，进一步强调了用词的得体性、表达方式的多样性。如果同学们仅运用基础的词汇和基本的句型，不能体现出较强的语言运用能力，即使要点齐全，表达没有语法错误，也不能给人一种含金量高的审美享受，因此很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。评分标准给我们传递了另外一个
26、信息，如果有意识地使用较高级词汇或复杂结构，即使有些错误，也不扣分，仍属于最高档次。因此要使一个平淡的文章变得丰富起来，从而提高书面表达的档次。我认为同学们应着力于从以下三个方面来增强书面表达的效果。学会使用较高级的词汇词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子：Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable.We a
27、ll think he is a great man.think highly of him.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. came upon A good idea occurred to me. /A good idea suddenly struck me.The students there neednt pay for their books.Books are free for the students there.As a result the plan was a failure.The plan turned out (to be)
28、a failure.When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow.She went to Austria in order to study music.She went to Austria for/with the purpose of studying music.When he spoke, he felt more and more excited.The more he spoke, the more excited
29、he felt.In our school, there are twentysix classrooms.Our school is made up of twentysix classrooms./Twentysix classrooms make up our school.You can find my house easily.Youll have no trouble/difficulty finding my house.学会使用较丰富的句式在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉。例如：When
30、he arrives, please give me an e-mail.（使用V-ing形式）On his arriving/ arrival, please give me an e-mail.To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句）What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.(That the littler girl knows so many things surprises him.It surprises him
31、 that the littler girl knows so many things .)Though Im weak, Ill make the effort. (使用倒装句)Weak as I am, Ill make the effort.He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型 .It was .not until) It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew wh
32、at had happened.Not until he had read the news in the newspaper did he know what had happened. I passed the physics exam because of your help.（使用虚拟语气）I could not have passed the physics exam but for your help.If you had not helped me, I could not have passed the physics exam.She walked out of the la
33、b and many students followed her. (用过去分词)Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式)Singing and laughing, they went back to school.I wont believe what he says. （使用状语从句）No matter what he says, I wont believe.If you study hard, yo
34、u will make rapid progress. （使用并列句）Study hard and youll make rapid progress.He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句)No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.学会使用恰当的连接词使用恰当连接词，对写出一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使整篇文章上下衔接自然、紧凑，使文章有一定的流畅性，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。下面表格中是写作中经常
35、用到的一些连接词。逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序first, second, then, finally/at last, immediately, suddenly , soon空间顺序here, there, on one sideon the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to对称顺序for one thing, for another thing, on one hand, on the other hand转折顺序but, however, while, though, otherwise因果顺序because, sin
36、ce, as, thanks to, as a result (of)条件顺序as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless让步顺序though, as, even if/though, whether, who(what, when, where)-ever递进顺序whats more, besides, to make the matter worse, whats worse过渡性插入语I think, Im afraid, you know, As we all know例如：On one side of the road t
37、here is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be now stands another new buildingour library. (NMET99范文)As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.(NMET01范文)Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. (NMET01范文)2.翻译151. search for sth/sb152.
38、cry ones eyes out153. bring/take along lunch by oneself154. collect facts/money155. dance/sing songs to the music156. make a turn at the traffic lights157. leave sth to sb158. feel lonely159. make great progress in 160. achieve the goal161. cover/walk/ do 100 miles162. make up lies163. strike sth/sb
39、 heavily164. knock at the door/ a knock on the door165. have trouble/difficult in sth/ doing sth166. show sb around 167. hold to ones hand168. bend ones body169. seat oneself straight/ stand straight170. break up the crowds171. enjoy the equal rights172. be wrong/right in doing sth/ sth173. tie sth
40、to / fasten sth to174. spread a piece of paper/ a newspaper175. get around/ spread176. burst into tears/laughter177. take the examination178. inform sb of sth179. remind sb of sth180. rob sb of sth181. arrange for sb to do sth182. make up/consist of/be made up of183. ask for three days leave184. set
41、 off firecrackers185. step on the brake186. take ones temperature187. feel ones pulse188. knock into the truck/car189. have a great deal of practice in 190. win great honor for ones class191. take sb as a model192. set sb a good example193. take sth as an example194. take the medicine three times a
42、day195. make a deep bow to sb196. have a terrible pain in the leg/head/arm/stomach197. take / show great interest in198. keep warm/ keep sb warm199. keep up the tradition / friendship200. pass sth down (on) from generation to generation句子一句多译:1. Because of /With/For his help, I finished the work at
43、last.因为:as a result of; due to/owing to/thanks to2. spend on/in; It costs/takes/pay for/charge sb. For3. I will try/do my best to help him.Do everything I can/do all that I can/ do whatever I can /do as much as possible 4.NMET Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is goin
44、g on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests
45、such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Best wishes, Li HuaNMETDear Editor,Im writing to tell you abo
46、ut the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. C
47、harging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy pla
48、nts and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours truly, Li Hua依据要点，草拟提纲，将所需要的语言材料准备好。可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型。暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、单数第三人称等词形变化。100 families and 500 people/used to be very poor/ change a lot/ richer than before/ take on a new lookwas very small/ have been rebuiltnewly-b
49、uilt/have 4 storeys/ most beautiful buildingschool-age children/ enjoy free education扩展成句，连句成篇。本文为一篇发言稿，其格式与口头通知大体相同。因此，短文应有称呼、开场及结束语。既然介绍的是小村，所使用的人称应为it.应注意时态、语态的正确运用，并适当使用一些连接成分将所列的语句连成完整的语篇。全文应结构紧凑，前后连贯。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is very small. It has nearly 100 fam
50、ilies and about 500 people. It used to be very poor.It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching buildinghas 4 storeys and it is the most beautiful b
51、uilding in the village. All the school-age children can study here.They enjoy free education in it.Thank you.大家看，这篇书面表达要点齐全，表达也没语法错误，但语言平淡，表达方式单一，逻辑性也差，因此很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。如果使用一些恰当的连接词，并尽量使用较高级的词汇和较复杂的语法结构，这个平淡的文章就会有很大改观，甚至会变得更精彩。Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to our village! This village is a small one
52、 with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 and has been developing very fast. People here have/live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.In the past, the school here was very smalland most chi
53、ldren couldnt afford to go to school.But now it has been rebuiltand the newly built teaching building which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. Whats more/Also, they enjoy free education. May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a plea
54、sant time here! Thank you.对上文评析：用介词短语作定语或用含定语从句的主从复合句。语句间缺少连接成分However。表现作者对现在乡村的发展的喜悦心情，也起到承上启下作用。较高级词汇。作者对过去孩子们上不起学表示遗憾和同情。语句间缺少连接成分，添加But。语句间缺少承上启下连接成分and。用含定语从句的主从复合句。此处应添加一个承接上下文的过渡性词语，如“Whats more/Also”，这样，前后就显得更加连贯了。如能适当发挥，在结尾处添加像“May you enjoy your stay here/May you have a pleasant time here
55、!”的表希望、祝愿的语句，会使全文更加完整，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的，从而收到更佳的表达效果。 较高级词汇。较复杂句式。这些连接词的恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。以上我们可以看出，要使文章连贯、流畅，就要使用较高级词汇、复杂句子结构以及恰当的连接词，才能给人一种美的享受，才能在考试的评分中得到较高的档次。总之，希望同学们通过以上启发，灵活运用，坚持用科学的方法多写多练，就一定能写出高质量的英语作文，在高考中取得成功
56、。A Suggested Version:Our modern city is too crowded, and to solve the problem, I have three suggestions. First of all, practise the policy of “ Late Marriage ”and “ One Couple, One child ” so as to reduce the birth rate. Secondly, the city government must have a tight control of people entering citi
57、es to engage in trade or do various physical jobs in order to reduce the pressure on the city caused by the increasing population. Finally, more and more people suggest that living blocks with shopping centers, school, hospital as well as cinemas and theatres or even satellite towns should be built in the city suburbs or the countries round the cities. In this way city citizens will be encouraged to move there. If these three suggestions are well carried out, the city population will be greatly reduced.
