1、第七讲动词的时态和语态一、动词的时态考点透析1常用的动词时态句子结构。(S主语， do 动词原形， does动词第三人称单数，did过去式， doing现在分词， done过去分词)一般现在时：Sdo/does.一般过去时：Sdid.现在进行时：Sam/is/are doing.过去进行时：Swas/were doing.一般将来时：Swill/shalldo.过去将来时：Sshould/woulddo.现在完成时：Shave/has done.过去完成时：Shad done.现在完成进行时：Shave/has been doing.过去完成进行时：Shad been doing.2在时间状语
2、从句、条件状语从句中，一般现在时表示将来，这时主句要用一般将来时态。(1)The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.如果下雨的话，排球赛就会推迟。(2)If city noises are not kept from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard 20 years from now on.如果不阻止城市噪音增长的话，20年后人们就得大喊大叫才能让人听见。3一般现在时可表示主语具备的某种能力、某种性能。如：来源:学科网(1)I play pingpong quite wel
3、l，but I havent had time to play since the new year.我的乒乓球打得不错，不过自从新年后，我就没时间打球了。(“会打球”是主语具备的一种能力，不会短时间内消失，用现在时) (2)Can I help you，sir?我能帮你吗，先生？Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it doesnt_work好的，我昨天在这里买了个收音机，可是它不能正常工作。(doesnt work是主语的性能)4过去将来时和过去完成时都是相对过去时间而存在的时态，在答题时，一定要仔细揣摩上下文的时间关系。如：(1)We w
4、ere all surprised when he made it clear that he would_leave office soon.当他清楚地说很快就要辞职时，我们都惊呆了(2)How long had_they_known each other before they got married?他们结婚前认识多长时间了？For about a year.大约一年。(3)Helen had_left her key in the office，so she had to wait until her husband came home.海伦把钥匙落在办公室了，所以她不得不等她丈夫回来
5、。5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等动词的现在时可表示计划安排好的将来，它们的进行时也可以表示将来的动作。如：(1)The train leaves at four oclock.Lets hurry.火车四点出发，咱们快点吧。(2)Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I am_taking my mum together.我赢得了去佛罗里达两周的假期， 我将带我妈妈一同前往。6be going to表示早就安排好的将来，或表示根据某种迹象判断将要发生的事情；will/shall表示临时决定要
6、做的动作；be to表示按约定计划或按职责、义务将要发生的动作，强调主语的意志和决心；be about to表示马上就要发生的动作，不能与表示将来的确切时间状语连用。(1)What are you going to do this evening? 今晚你打算做什么？Im going to see a film with my friend.我打算和我朋友一起去看电影。(2)Havent you known Mr.Wang is ill?你不知道王先生病了吗？Really? Then Ill go to see him instead.真的吗？那么我就去看王先生，不去看电影了。(3)How a
7、bout seeing a film tomorrow?明天去看电影怎么样？Sorry，I cant.I am to take the driving test.对不起，明天不行，我要考驾照。7如果句中有so far，since，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示时间的短语，谓语动词只能用现在完成时。如：(1)So far they have dug more than 100 wells to get enough drinking water.到目前为止，为了获取足够的饮用水，他们已经打了一百多口水井。(2)I have b
8、een busy during the last few days.最近几天我一直在忙着。8句型“It is the first time.”，“This is the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用现在完成时。句型“It was the first time.”，“This was the last time.”中，从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如：(1)This is the first time Ive been here.这是我第一次来到这儿. (2)That was the second time that they had witnessed an accident at t
9、he crossing.那是他们第二次在十字路口目睹事故发生。9句中的状语是“by the end of过去时间”，动词用过去完成时。句中的状语是“by the end of将来时间”，动词用将来完成时。如：(1)By the end of last term，we had learned about three thousand English words.到上学期末，我们大约学了3 000个英语单词。(2)By the end of next month，we shall have finished Book Five.到下个月末，我们已经学完了第五册。二、动词的语态考点透析英语中动词有两
10、种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关语态的题目可以分为两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。被动语态的构成(以write为例) 1.进行时、将来时、完成时、情态动词的被动语态的谓语分别是be being done，will/shall be done, have/has/had been done，情态动词be done，不要遗漏任何部分。All the work must be finished b
11、y Friday.所有工作都必须在周五前完成。A railway is being built to connect these two cities.正在修建一条铁路连接这两个城市。2get过去分词表被动。He fell and got hurt.他摔了一跤，受伤了。3主动形式表被动意义。(1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear，go，prove，turn等形容词/名词。The dish tastes delicious.这菜很好吃。His plan proved (to be) practical.他的计划证明是可行的。(2)be wort
12、h doing。The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(3)need/want/require/beardoingneed/want/require to be doneThe room needs cleaning.The room needs to be cleaned.屋子需要打扫。(4)beadj.to do。The place is hard to find in the map.这个地方在地图上很难被发现。(5)当句子的主语是物，同时又是动作涉及的对象，而动词又是表明主语本身的特性时，用主动形式表被动意义。这时，句末有一个表示方式的副词。The pen
13、 I bought yesterday writes smoothly.我昨天买的钢笔书写流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布耐洗。.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1We_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.2Suddenly，he _(find)that he had run out of salt.So Nick called his son.3People stepped on your feet or_(push) you with their elbows (肘部)，hurrying ahead
14、 to get to a bargain.4.When Jane got home. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking，” Jane_(inform)5.Being too anxious to help an event develop often_(result)in the contrary to our intention.6When I saw a man sitting by himself waiting for the library to open, I sat d
15、own next to him and_(begin) a conversation. 7.Most of these singers so far_(see) music as a “job” because it is a good source of making money.8On International Childrens Day, some orphans from the Wuhan Welfare Institute for Children _(take) to the park.9It was my first trip to India alone. One day,
16、 as I _(walk) through a local market, a tenyearold boy came over.10.Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ (bother) us.11I felt very tired when I got home，and I _ (go) straight to bed.12“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs. Crawford.“Oh, I_(be) president，”sai
17、d the boy, with a smile.13When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I _ (change) my mind.14.During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs_(increase) sharply.15.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _(have) it for a very long time.16
18、Hurry up, kids! The school bus _(wait) for us !17.Jim _(watch) a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.18Im calling about the apartment you _(advertise) the other day. Could you tell me more about it?19If nothing_(do), the oceans will turn
19、into fish deserts.20Shakespeares play Hamlet_(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.在横线上填上合适的词。My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 1._ (remind) me of myself. In the past, I 2._ (be) never confident because of my appearance. People always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair
20、style, etc. At that time, I was the shortest student in my class. I started getting depressed. However, someone told me something that I will always remember.It was in March. Surrounded by a group of girls who 3._ (point) at me and laughed at me, I couldnt help crying. The tears rolled down my face
21、like a rushing river. To my surprise, someone lifted my head up and wiped the tears from my eyes.I then knew it was our English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “You 4._ (be) perfect the way you are. You should never change or hate yourself. People 5._ (accept) you for who you 6._. But if you cannot acce
22、pt yourself, then how will other people accept you？” I 7._ (inspire) by her words. Over the past few months, I 8._ (learn) that no one is perfect and that we all have flaws. Now I have wonderful friends who 9._ (love) me for who I am.Now, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide to tell her the same thing Miss Li
23、 10._ (tell) me.答案：.1.were told2.found3.pushed4.was informed5results6.began7.have seen8.were taken9was walking10.bothers11.went12.will be13.have changed14.has increased15.had had16is waiting17.was watching18.advertised19is done20.has been made.1.reminds2.was3.pointed4.are5.will accept6.are7.was insp
24、ired8.have learned9.love10told.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()画掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。It was getting dark when I get home. It was cold and I am wearing a coat.I wa
25、lked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I have left it on my desk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I know my wife was at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I knock at th
26、e door. There was no answer. I continue knocking at the door for some time. I get angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy told me at noon.He said that my wife phoned saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could do and I would be shut
27、 out of my house.答案：It was getting dark when I home. It was cold and I wearing a coat.I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket to take out the key, but I couldnt find it. I suddenly remembered that I left it on my desk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I my wife was a
28、t home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I at the door. There was no answer. I knocking at the door for some time. I angry.Then I remembered something that the office boy me at noon.He said that my wife saying that she would go shopping in the afternoon with the children.It seemed that nothing could and I would be shut out of my house.
