1、专题05 句子结构之there be结构一：there be结构表示在某个地方存在什么东西。1. There are a lot of homework books . 傀儡主语 谓语 真正主语 地点状语所以，变成一般疑问句说成 “Are there any homework books under the desk?”, 虽然是傀儡，但“there”却完成主语的“语法功能”；不过，谓语动词的单复数由后面的名词决定。2. “there be”结构翻译成汉语的“有”通常是指“物体”与“物体”的位置关系，不表达从属关系，不具“拥有”的含义，表示所属关系，一般用“have”。 There is a
2、rainbow in the sky. 天上一道彩虹。 The Jims have a fierce dog.吉姆家有一条恶狗。 The desk has four legs. 桌子有四条腿。 但是“there be”也可以表示抽象的存在。 There was a heated discussion among the government officials. There has been no rain this week. I hope there will be a change in the weather.本周没下过雨。我希望天气有所变化。人们把自己的生命都依托给某一个物体的时候，
3、可以拟人化，将“there be”升级成“have”。 There are 145 passengers on the boat. (一般都是交通工具社团,如ship, bus, plane, class等。)The boat has 145 passengers. There are 23 provinces in the country. The country has 23 provinces. 3. be动词可以被其他动词取代，如exist, live, locate, lie, rest, stand, remain, seem(to be), sure to be, used to
4、 be, will be, is going to be, happen to be等等。 There is going to be a meeting this evening. 今天傍晚会有个会议。 There stands a tower on top of the mountain. 山顶上有座塔。 There remains (to be) a lot of trouble to be settled(to settle).仍有好多问题亟待解决。二. there be结构的复杂化。1. there be结构后面的名词可以带非谓语进行修饰。 There is nothing left
5、in the box.盒子里什么都没剩下。 There is a man sleeping in the couch. 沙发上睡个人。 There is a long way (for us ) to go. 前路艰难-我们还有很长的路要走。 2. there to be和there being的非谓语形式；将“there”当成“逻辑主语”。 It is possible for us to ride in the same car. Is it possible for there to be enough room for us all in the same car? 套用固定句式，把“
6、there”当成主语。 Would you like to have a cup of tea? -Would you like there to be a party tonight? - I shall prefer there to be no such event. （沿用prefer somebody to do something。） There being nothing else to do, we went home. 可以变成独立主格。 I can imagine there being a big quarrel between them. 沿用imagine ones
7、doing. 3. 固定句式：There is no need to do something. There is no point(sense) doing something. 4. 演化出新语法现象-倒装。 1) 某些副词和表示运动趋向的动词连用，为了形象生动表达某种事情发生，可以将句子变成倒装。 Look out! There comes the bus. 小心，车来了。 There came a knock at the door. 有人敲门。 Well, there goes your allowance. 得了，你的零花钱没了。 2) there be 结构中，将地点状语提前，去
8、掉there，句子倒装。 There stands a tower on top of the mountain. =On top of the mountain stands a tower. Around his neck was a brown snake. There is a brown snake around his neck. Sitting on the chair is an old cat. = There is an old cat sitting on the chair. 以上两点如果句子的主语是人称代词，也不倒装。 思考：On the way home we sa
9、w many large elephants.-本句为什么不倒装？补充-都什么词可以充当主语1名词 Are there other universes out there in space?除了我们是不是还有别的宇宙？2代词 Who is on the phone? Nothing special is found in his room. Some of them remained in the town.3数词： 1/3 of the students passed the exam. First went to the Chinese team.4ing Seeing is believ
10、ing. Tapping on the neck can reduce the pain. 5. 不定式 To see is to believe. It is hard to tell the twins apart. 6. 从句 What I want to know is how I can settle them down with their new job. It is said that the earthquake in Yunnan has caused more than 160 deaths. It isnt certain that the price will go
11、up.=That the price will go up is not certain.7. 名词化的词 Slowly is how he speaks. The poor will be against the new law.8. it 傀儡-作形式主语。 It is money that she wanted. (强调句子) It is easy to communicate with others in English. （it+is+adj+to do） It is a pity (for you) to miss such a nice opportunity. ( it +is
12、 + n.+to do) It is beyond(not within my power) me to let you in. (it is +prep.+ to do) It is unlike him to be late for work. It cost him 300$ to by the second-hand car. (it + v+ to do) It took me years to remove all the wild grass. It gave me great pleasure to take care of my grandson. It is no use/
13、good/fun standing beside the river to watch the birds. (it +is + n.+doing) It is useless /hopeless/ crying for the spilt milk. (it +adj+doing) It is worthwhile reading the novel again. It doesnt matter staying here waiting the train. (it + v+ doing) It is natural that they should have different view
14、s. (it +adj+that clause) It is strange that he should know nothing about the accident. It is said/reported/ believed/ considered/ 9. 傀儡there 看there be 结构。 三、单句语法填空1. There _(be) probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. 2. In the depths of the French Guianese r
15、ainforest, _still remain unusual groups of indigenous people. 3. There is nothing more _(tire)than not succeeding. 4. There is no doubt _the way we use memory is changing. 5. I cant imagine there_(be) very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later. 6. There_ (have to be)a complete
16、 change on the machine before it can be for sale. 7. There_(be) a group of serious beachcombers(海滩搜救队员) in the area. 8. There was no such thing as a fairy godmother or helpful mice, _(nor)mention of a horse and carriage. 9. There is a problem _my car. It doesnt work. 10. In 2004 there were 200 place
17、s_(house)1695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 countries. 11. There were times _I would have the groundhog sitting next to a rabbit, both munching on carrots. 12. Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques _(help) designers approach this important point. 13. Along the
18、 way _ (be)tales of kings and queens, hot air balloonsand monkeys in space. 14. _ the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. 15. _ (fasten)on the belt was a kettle containing water for the desert trip. 16. However,there_(be)a number
19、 of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. 17. In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born,therewere 66 novels _(publish)in Britain.18. There _(be)huge amounts of reference books which I amoften confused to choose from. 19. Among the children under the trees _(stand) a little girl w
20、earing old clothes. 20._ there is a river, there is a city. 四、翻译句子。1. 离6月底还有1个月，届时世界青少年机器人大赛将如期在我的城市天津举行。2. 我也相信未来会有更多类似的活动。3. 买车没必要付全款，因为你可以试用无息贷款。4. 昨晚，成千上万的人在电视上看开幕式的直播。5. 锻炼有好多好处，尤其是在早上。6. 世上总会有好心人他们乐意向需要帮助的陌生人伸出援助之手。7. 有一个白色的箱子放在的桌子。8. 总有一天无人驾驶的飞车会随处可见。9. 肢体语言是没有国界的，但是因为不同文化和不同的宗教，也会有一些差别。10.有无
21、数关于微笑了力量的成语-“和平始于微笑”。11. 经过了一个漫长的等待之后新闻发言人才出现在发布会场。答案:1.are, 2.there, 3.tiring, 4.that, 5.being, 6.has to be, 7.is, 8.nor was there, 9.with, 10.housing, 11.when,12.to help, 13.are, 14.At,15.Fastened, 16.are, 17.published, 18.be, 19.stood, 20.Where参考译文:1. There will be a month before the end of June,
22、 when the World Adolescent Robotics Competition is scheduled to be held inmy city,Tianjin.2. I also hope that there will be more events of this kind in the future.3. There is no need to pay the car in full as you can turn to an interest-free loan. 4. Last night, there were millions of people watchin
23、g the opening ceremony live on TV.5. There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings.6. There are still warmhearted people who will offer to lend a hand to strangers in need.7. There is a white box sitting on my desk.8. There will be a time when driverless-flying cars are everywhere.9. Body language is international, but there are some differences because of the different cultures and religions.10. There are a number of sayings about the power of a smile-“Peace begins with a smile.”11. There was a long wait before the spokesman showed up to the press conference.