1、Unit 1Cultural HeritagePeriod 3 Discovering Useful StructureRestrictive relative clauses(3)导学案姓名： _ 班级： _1. To review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. To learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.1. To appreciate the f
2、unction of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. To write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本节语法思考：定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么？ 关系词有哪些？Step 1:巩固复习限定性定语从句基本用法。定语从句关系代词用法：定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由_决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用_,_,_；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词
3、一般用_；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用_。whose用作关系代词时，它表示“_”， whose引导定语从句时，其先行词可以是指人的名词，其实也可以是指_的名词。关系副词的用法：如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词why。Step 2: 限制性定语从句几种特殊情况。一、定语从句中介词+关系代词用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 我们通常用“介词+
4、关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用_或_。先行词指物时, 用_; 先行词指人时, 用_。在这个结构中, 介词的确定的原则是:1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。He is the man on _ you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。Jack introduced to me his friend with _ I was not very familiar. 杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。2.依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the day on _ we worked together in the countr
5、yside. 我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。3.根据所表达的意思来确定。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _we could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞, 透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时, 通常用介词of。Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of _ she spoke fluently. 朱丽亚擅长德语、法语和俄语, 这三样她都说得
6、流利。5.在定语从句中, 有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用, 如look after, look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)二、介词+关系代词常见句型：1.“代词+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中, 代词常常为all, each, one, many, much, most, some, none, both等,
7、 “代词+ of + which/whom”通常在定语从句中用作主语, 说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of + which/whom”置于代词前。It is reported that two schools, both of _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. 据报道, 在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中, 将于明年投入使用。2.“数词+of + which/whom”引导定语从句这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句, 有时候也可以把“of + which/whom”置于数词前。3.“the+名词+ of which/w
8、hom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中, of which/whom充当定语, 修饰前面的名词, 整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。4.“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句There are two buildings，the larger of _ stands nearly a hundred feet height. 这儿有两座建筑物, 较大的那一座几乎有100英尺高。三、限制性定语从句中，关系词可以省略的几种情况。1.定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系词通常省略。I have taken with me th
9、e two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. 我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。2.先行词是way, reason, time, place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时, 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。The way (that/in which) you look at the problem is wrong. 你看待问题的方式是错误的。3.由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两
10、个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时, 第一个关系词可以省略, 但第二、三个一般不可以省略The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. 他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。用关系代词和关系副词填空。1. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.2. Kale, _sister I shared a room with when we were at colle
11、ge, has gone to work in Australia.3. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.4. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.5. Many young people, most of _were well-educated, headed for remote regi
12、ons to chase their dreams.6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.7. It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.8. Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _you can hear some lov
13、ely music.9. He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.10. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _he should be able to be independent.【答案】本节语法思考：定语从句在复合句中的作用是什么？ 关系词有哪些？【答案】定语从句在复合句中的作用相当于形容词，它在句中作定语修饰名词或代词。他们在先行词和定语从句之间起到联系作用，同时在意义
14、上代表先行词并在定语从句中担任一个成分。被定语从句所修饰的词称先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有who，whom，whose，that， which和as，关系副词有when，where和 why。Step 1:巩固复习限定性定语从句基本用法。定语从句关系代词用法：定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由_决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用_,_,_；当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用_；当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词，又有表示人的名词或代词时，关系代词一般用_。 whose用作关系代词时，它表示“_”， who
15、se引导定语从句时，其先行词可以是指人的名词，其实也可以是指_的名词。【答案】先行词; who ， that ， whom; that ， which; that, 的; 事物（包括动物）关系副词的用法：如果先行词是指代“时间的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词when；如果先行词是指代“地点的名词”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词where；如果先行词是指代“原因的名词（reason）”，还原到定语从句中作_，则用关系副词why。【答案】时间状语;地点状语;原因状语Step 2: 限制性定语从句几种特殊情况。一定语从句中介词+关系代词用法【答案】当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语
16、时, 我们通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom。在这个结构中, 介词的确定的原则是:1.依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。He is the man on whom you can rely. 他是你可以信赖的人。Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very familiar. 杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。2.依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the day on wh
17、ich we worked together in the countryside. 我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。3.根据所表达的意思来确定。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. 这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞, 透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。4.表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时, 通常用介词of。Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of whi
18、ch she spoke fluently. 朱丽亚擅长德语、法语和俄语, 这三样她都说得流利。5.在定语从句中, 有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用, 如look after, look for等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (正确)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy. (错误)二介词+关系代词常见句型：1.“代词+ of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中, 代词常常为all, eac
19、h, one, many, much, most, some, none, both等, “代词+ of + which/whom”通常在定语从句中用作主语, 说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of + which/whom”置于代词前。It is reported that two schools, both of which are being built in my hometown, will open next year. 据报道, 在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中, 将于明年投入使用。2.“数词+ of + which/whom”引导定语从句这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句, 有时
20、候也可以把“of + which/whom”置于数词前。3.“the+名词+ of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中, of which/whom充当定语, 修饰前面的名词, 整个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。4.“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of + which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet height. 这儿有两座建筑物, 较大的那一座几乎有100英尺高。三.限制性定语从句中，关系词可以省略的几种情况。
21、1.定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时, 关系词通常省略。I have taken with me the two books (that/which) you asked me to return to the City Library. 我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。2.先行词是way, reason, time, place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时, 其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which, why/that, when, where等可以省略。The way (that/in which) you look at the prob
22、lem is wrong. 你看待问题的方式是错误的。3.由and, but, or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时, 第一个关系词可以省略, 但第二、三个一般不可以省略The reason (why/that) he wanted to sell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation. 他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。用关系代词和关系副词填空。1. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.【答案】wh
23、ich【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。2. Kale, _sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.【答案】whose 【解析】本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够
24、判断出正确的关系词。3. Self-driving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。4. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Program, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.【答
25、案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Program”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署。5.Many young people, most of _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.【答案】whom【解析】 “of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of wh
26、ich / whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。6. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, _ the weather may be better.【答案】when【解析】使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。考点：考查定语从句。意思是：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。7.It is a truly delightful place, _ looks the same as it
27、 must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。8. Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _you can hear some lovely music.【解析】where【解析】这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Pauls Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出来引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。9. He wrote man
28、y children s books, nearly half of_ were published in the 1990s.【答案】which 【解析】先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语。 句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。10. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.【答案】when【解析】这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。