1、基于上述分析,我们在备考高考英语的完形填空部分时,应注意以下三方面:一、 语感的培养首先,不承认语感的存在,否定语感在完形解题过程中的作用是不客观的。既然语感对解题可以形成有益的帮助,我们就要想方设法提高自己的语感。但是感觉这个东西说起来虚无缥缈,如何培养和提高呢?语法可以分成句法和词法两部分,受此启发,我们也将语感这个东西一分为二,拆开变成句感和词感。文章可以看成纵横两个维度构成的,单句内部各成分有着横向的联系,而不同句子中各相同词性的词之间也有某种纵向的联系,这两类联系正好是对应句感和词感。所谓句感,可以通过梳理并分析句子内部不同成分的之间的关系来提高:把完形文章中各个句子独立出来,进行详
2、细的语法分析,体会不同成分之间的相关性,进而对各成份如何构成句子有所把握;所谓词感,可以通过寻找并揣摩文章中各个句子之间相同词性的单词之间的联系来提高:把完形语段中所有已知和未知的同词性词汇找出来,体会他们的共性特点,进而对整个一类词都有所感悟。也就是说,在练习的时候,只要坚持对每种词性的单词,对每种结构的句子都进行细致的分析和思考,语感就会有与日俱增的提高。二、 规律的总结纵观历年各地英语高考完形填空真题,会发现有些词汇和语法点是命题组所特别偏爱的,例如名词里的voice, customer, 形容词里的surprise, impossible,副词里的immediately, succes
3、sfully, 动词里的go, come, annoy, continue,经常出现在选项中,且多为正确项;而与之相对的,有些例如一些基本名词则几乎不会在试卷中出现。这说明词汇表中几千单词并不是都同等重要,都要一一掌握详细的意思和用法的。总有一些单词是命题组偏爱的,总有一些是经常出现在高考试卷上的。如果我们在备考的时候能知道哪些词是经常出现的,对其额外的多加操练,就提高了备考的效率,无形节约了时间,为自己增加了竞争力。那么,哪些词是命题人常用惯用的词呢,又有谁知道呢?其实很简单,历年真题就是一个非常好的样本。高考真题是考试大纲和考试说明最真实的体现和最权威的诠释。通过对历年真题的观察、归纳和总
4、结,我们就能够看到一些共性的现象,而这就是所谓的规律。很多同学总是很迷信什么类似“三长一短选一短,三短一长选一长,两长两短蒙C项”的所谓的“规律”,其实如果自己开动脑筋,也可自己从历年真题中找到一些规律的。怎么找呢,你把历年真题翻来覆去地看熟读透,然后把一些近似的题目归纳到一起,把具体的微观的差异都忽略掉,找出一些抽象的宏观的共同现象,这不就是规律么。真正会学习的人要学会自己去寻找规律,而自己总结出来的规律是最有效也最有说服力的。真正的强者要善于向内寻求力量。例如,(2014年高考2卷)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上
5、将该项涂黑。Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top41_, but on their way back conditions were very42_. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 43_ alone, he would probably get back 44_. But S
6、imon decided to risk his 45_ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).As they 46_ down, the weather got worse. Then another 47_ occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and, 48_, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁). It was 49_ for Joe to climb back or for Simon
7、to pull him up. Joes 50_ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 51_, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 52_. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 53_ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldnt walk, bu
8、t he54_ to get out of the crevasse and started to 55_ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 56_.Simon had 57_ the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 58_, but he didnt want to leave59_. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice. He couldnt 60_ it
9、. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.41. A. hurriedly B. carefully C. successfully D. early42. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal43. A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued44. A. unwillingly B. safely C. slowly D. regretfully 45. A. fortune B. time C. health D. li
10、fe 46. A. lay B. settled C. went D. looked 47. A. damage B. storm C. change D. trouble 48. A. by mistake B. by chance C .by choice D. by luck49. A. unnecessary B. practical C. important D. impossible 50. A. height B. weight C. strength D. equipment 51. A. Finally B. Patiently C Surely D Quickly 52.
11、A. stand back B. take a rest C make a decision D. hold on 53. A. jumped B. fell C escaped D backed 54. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped 55. A. run B. skate C. move D. march 56. A. around B. away C. above D. along 57. A. headed for B .traveled to C. left for D. returned to 58. A. dead B .hurt
12、 C. weak D. late 59. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously 60. A. find B. believe C. make D. accept 【解析】41. C.考查副词辨析及语境理解。A. hurriedly 匆忙地; B. carefully仔细地;C. successfully成功地;D. early早。根据前句内容可知他们第一个成功爬上了秘鲁境内安第斯山脉高达6344米的Siula Grande峰,所以选C。45. D考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. fortune 财富; B. time时间; C. he
13、alth 健康;D. life 生活,生命。在困难的 情况下Simon 带上受伤的同伴是在冒着生命的危险,答案选D。46. C考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. lay躺,位于; B. settled解决; C. went 去;D. looked看。从上文内容可知他们是在下山,所以选C。 47. D考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. damage损坏;B. storm 暴风雨;C. change改变;D. trouble 麻烦。根据前面内容可知Joe受伤就是一个麻烦事了,所以天气的恶劣对他们来说是另一个麻烦,选D。48. A考查短语辨析及语境理解。 A. by mistake错误地 ;B. by chan
14、ce偶然地;C.by chance偶然地;D. by design故意地。 由于恶劣的天气他们看不清楚也听不清楚,因而Simon错误地把Joe用绳子放到了悬崖边,答案选A。49. D考查形容词辨析及语境理解。 A. unnecessary没必要; B. practical 实际的 C. important 重要的;D. impossible不可能。 因为Joe受了伤,而又是在悬崖边,所以对于Joe来说爬上来是不可能的,Simon也是不可能下去救他,选D。50. B考查名词辨析及语境理解。 A. height高度; B. weight 重量; C. strength 力气;D. equipmen
15、t 设备。从故事内容可知Simon 是在用绳子把Joe往山下送,所以能影响到Simon的是Joe的重量,故答案选B。51. A考查副词辨析及语境理解。A. Finally最终,最后; B. Patiently耐心地; C Surely 当然; D Quickly快地。 根据上文内容可知由于他们彼此不能听清,不能看清而致使Joe处于了绝境,但是Simon不忍心放弃他的同伴,一直坚持到最后没有办法的时候才割断绳子,故答案选A。52. C考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。.A stand back 往后站;B take a rest 休息; C make a decision 做出决定;D hold on
16、 坚持。根据下文内容可知他终于做出了放弃朋友的决定。53. B. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。A jumped跳; B. fell 摔倒,掉下;C escaped 逃脱;D backed 支持。空前提到他割掉绳子,所有Joe是摔了下去。54. A. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. managed管理,设法; B. planned 计划;C. waited等待;D. hoped 希望。从下文内容可知在腿部受伤,而且处于悬崖边上的Joe奇迹般地爬回营地,活了下来,manage to do“设法做到” 故答案选A 。55. C考查动词辨析及语境理解。 A. run跑,经营;B. skate 滑冰;C. m
17、ove移动;D. march 行军。从上文可知Joe腿部受伤,所以只能是慢慢移动着,答案选C。56. B考查介词辨析及语境理解。A. around 周围;B. away 远离;C. above 在上面;D. along 沿着。从空前内容ten kilometers可知此处指距离,所以用away。57. D考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。A. headed for 朝某地进发;B .traveled to 旅行去某地;C. left for 动身去某地;D. returned to 回到。根据下文可知Simon在忍痛割断系着Joe的绳子后又回到营地了,故答案选D。58. A考查形容词辨析及语境理解。
18、A. dead 死的;B .hurt 受伤的;C. weak虚弱的;D. late 迟的。在那种情况下他以为Joe会死掉,选A。59. C考查副词辨析及语境理解。 A. secretly 秘密地;B. tiredly疲倦地;C. immediately立即;D. anxiously 焦虑地。根据后文可知他又在营地里呆了几天,没立即返回,选C。60. B考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. find 发现;B. believe 相信;C. make 使,制作;D. accept接受。从上文可知Simon在没有办法的情况下含着眼泪把系着Joe的绳子割断了,他认为这样做的结果会是Joe死去,没想到Joe会活
19、着爬回来,选B。由以上真题可以看出来,successfully, continue, customer,impossible,move等诸如此类的词出现的频率很高。又如2016年全国2卷中的第22、25、28和第32等小题,也分别出现了以上高频词汇。有鉴于此,我们在高考复习的过程中,应该对类似的词加以比较总结,并熟练掌握运用。三、解题指导(1)解题方法1. 语义优先于语法原则由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失,如果一味按照语法规则选择正确答案,就陷入了答题误区 ,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解
20、文章大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断,方为上策。例如,2016年高考全国1卷中的第42小题,Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 .42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers【解析】42. D 考查名词辨析。根据首句Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc.可知他是个
21、司机,由此推断他应该是在给客户送完货后回去的路上。 该小题通过文章首句很明显的就能判定正确答案为D,根本不需要用语法。2. 词内选项句内找原则从近几年的高考原题来看,近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数,要么都是近义动词的同一时态等,只能根据上下文语境才能作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊,则上文或下文肯定会有答题提示,有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。我们再来看2016年全国高考1卷完型填空第42小题:Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry
22、was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 41. A. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing【解析】41. C考查动词辨析。根据下文Larry pulled over可知沿着公路行驶。Travel“行进”,故选C。以上这个小题都是根据上下文的语境来做出答案的,如果根据语法的原则,则四个选项都符合题意。3. 四遍法原则考生正确的答题步骤应为:首先跳过空格通读全文,了解短文大意
23、及体裁,同时将一眼就看出几道题能直接做出答案;第二遍是答题的关键,考生应一个个地去推敲,切忌按题号顺序答题,不能确定的先跳过去,先易后难是答题原则;第三遍是通篇考虑,把一些上下文联系很强,甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系的困难空缺填好;第四遍是检查,做完后再通读一遍全文,从整体把握文章的意思,修正与全文不相称的选项。例如,(2016年全国1卷):第一节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Heroic Driver Larry works wit
24、h Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Lar
25、ry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, the
26、y saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people a
27、rrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is 59 Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the womans life.41. A
28、. walking B. touring C. traveling D. rushing42. A. passengersB. colleagues C. employers D. customers43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If44. A. each B. anotherC. that D. his45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took ch
29、arge of D. controlled48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm53. A. for B. so C. and D. but54. A. explode B.
30、 slip away C. fall apart D. crash55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free59. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked60. A. patience B. skil
31、ls C. efforts D. promise【解析】41. C考查动词辨析。根据下文Larry pulled over可知沿着公路行驶。Travel“行进”,故选C。42. D考查名词辨析。根据首句Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc.可知他是个司机,由此推断他应该是在给客户送完货后回去的路上。43. C考查连词辨析。根据语境判断当他走近时,他又发现了另一辆汽车。as“当时候”。44. B考查代词辨析。根据前句Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on,可知,当时有一辆开着亮灯的车,由此判断他又
32、发现一辆损毁的汽车。45. A考查名词辨析。根据第一段末句the fire was put out可知当时汽车着火了。flame火苗。46. B考查形容词词辨析。根据第二段中a womens voice coming from the wrecked vehicle可知,汽车是毁坏了的。used使用;disabled 残废的;removed被移除了的;abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。47. A考查动词辨析。根据后句可知他下车灭火。get hold of拿起;prepare准备;take charge of负责;control控制。故选A48. D考查动词辨析。根据and told Larr
33、y he had _49_ an emergency call可知,那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。come down下来; come through 经历;come in进来;come over 走过来。故选D。53. D考查连词辨析。根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来,而Larry不让她动,怕她伤到脖子,这两句话之间是转折关系。54. A考查动词辨析。根据后句内容判断这位妇女害怕汽车会爆炸。explore爆炸;slip away溜走;fall apart 崩溃;crash坠毁,摔碎。故选A 。55. C考查短语和介词辨析。step forward走上前;back off后退;m
34、ove on继续;set out出发,根据上文可知Larry害怕她脖子会受伤,前后句之间是假设关系。56. B考查动词短语辨析。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人,都退到后面。57. B考查名词辨析。根据上文Once fire and emergency people arrived可知是救援的警察赶到现场。故选B。58. D考查形容词辨析。根据后句可知警察让他离开了,由此判断Larry询问警察他是否离去。59. A考查短语辨析。for certain无疑地。60. C考查名词辨析。patience耐心;skill技能;effort努力;promise承诺。 故选C。根据上文可知Lar
35、ry努力挽救了别人的性命。选C。本篇完型填空中,像第41、42、45、57和第60等很大一部分通读第一遍文章就较明显能够做出答案;第二遍则一个个去推敲作答,有些不太容易判定的题目,例如第44、46、47、50和第58题等,通过仔细阅读一遍就能做出;剩下几个拿不定的题目,诸如一些上下文关联性较强的小题,再仔细通读一遍,弄明白文章的真实意思,这样就可以把一些上下文之间关联性很强或存在逻辑关系的题目,比如第49题和第53题之类的题目加以克服了。最后,再仔细通读一遍全文,从整体上把握一下文章大意,切忌理解上出现了偏差。(2)答题技巧. 根据上下文语境确定答案 近年来的完形填空试题在选项的设置上越来越淡
36、化语法结构,重在文意的干扰,即把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去,考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示,对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大,且难度也大,若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析,或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的,若放在全局,则不一定正确。因此,快速浏览全文,领悟文章主旨,通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。例如,2016年北京卷第36至38小题:It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome, Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to he
37、avy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36 a sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 ,
38、 the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.36. A. examinedB. warnedC. interviewedD. cured37. A. harmless B. helpless C. fearless D. careless38. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However【解析】36. A考查动词辨析。A.examined检查;B.warned警告;C.interviewed 采访,面试;D.cured治愈。医生检查了一个生病的孩子,知道他患上了白喉
39、,故选A。37. B考查形容词辨析。A.harmless无害的;B.helpless无望的;C. fearless不怕的;D.careless粗心的。如果白喉肆虐诺姆,那里的孩子们都将毫无希望,故选B。38. D考查副词辨析。A.Moreover而且;B.Therefore因此;C.Otherwise否则;D.However然而。然而,最近的药品供应站距离诺姆一千多公里,前后是转折关系,故选D。本文讲述的是曾发生在一个小镇上人们通过接力运送药物来救助患病儿童的感人故事。1925年1月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷,由于大雪,诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是,那里的孩子患了一种致命的传染病白喉。为了
40、拯救孩子们,人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终,人们通过狗拉雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。从以上小题可以看出,只要理解了大意,通过语境解答这几个小题并不是难事儿。. 根据常识及文化逻辑推理 完形填空往往以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息,其间交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识,考查考生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目,考生不仅要有广博的知识、丰富的生活经历,还要能够驾驭全文,不仅理解文章的表层意义,而且要弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不很准确时,可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。例如,2016年北京卷第二段第39小题:How could the medicine get to Nom
41、e? The towns 39 was already full of ice, so it couldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the snowy roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.39. A. airport B. station C. harbor D. border39. C考查名词辨析。A. airport机场; B. station车站;C. harbor 港口;D. border边境。根据“so it couldnt come by s
42、hip”可知,这里指港口结冰,故选C。由于文章后面提到了由于结冰,就不可能通过船过来。船舶停泊在港口是生活常识问题,根据语境和常识很明显就是说的港口。. 根据词语惯用法和固定搭配作答 词的固定搭配,特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的,多数题目涉及到动词的用法和各种搭配关系,这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词的用法紧密相关。解决这类题目要求考生多读、多记,对所学词语或固定搭配牢固掌握,并能灵活运用。例如,2016年北京卷第41小题, 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died.
43、Twenty more were 42 .41. A. From B. On C. By D. After41. C考查介词辨析。A. From从,自;B. On在上面;C. By通过,在之前;D. After在之后。“by+时间”与完成时连用,后跟过去的时间,用过去完成时;跟将来的时间,用将来完成时,故选C。本小题很明显考查的是介词词组搭配辨析,如果单凭语法的角度,四个选项都是正确的,但如果结合语境和句子时态可知,这里是说在某某时间之前,只能用介词by。. 根据词汇意义及用法辨析词义确定答案 要做好这种题目,必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来,从词汇的意义入手,抓住情节线索解决问
44、题。由于许多词汇在上下文中以不同形式反复出现,请注意以下几点:a. 同一词上下文复现:很多正确选项常是上文或下文中出现的词。b. 同义词复现:and连接两同义的词或句子。happy and gay; unhappy and disappointed.c. 反义词复现:but 连接两个含义相对的词:small but neat; expensive but tasty; gave them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future.d. 词汇链即不同词类的联想: 如:believe和belief;think和thought
45、;repairman 和fix ones car;continue和go on。e. 词义深层内涵的区别: 如:“普通的”,在英语中有多词可用,但含义不同。common: 强调事情发生的频率,非罕见的,如common sense; ordinary: 强调事物的等级、一般和日常、平凡之含义,如:ordinary people ;usual:强调习惯;general:强调大多数,较少例外;normal:含义为标准的,常态的。例如,2016年北京卷第42至第45题: 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty mor
46、e were 42 . Nomes town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogsled(狗拉雪橇) driversknown as “mushers”would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the tra
47、in at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.42. A. tired B. upset C. pale D. sick43. A. plan B. excuse C. message D. topic44. A. air B. rail C. sea D. road45. A. carry B. return C. mail D. give42. D考查形容词辨析。A. tired劳累的;B
48、. upset难过的;C. pale苍白的;D. sick生病的。四个孩子相继去世,还有20几个患病,故选D。43. A考查名词辨析。A. plan计划;B. excuse借口;C. message信息;D. topic话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划,故选A。44. B考查名词辨析。A. air空气;B. rail栏杆,铁轨;C. sea海洋;D. road道路。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知,药物被用火车运到Nenana,故选B。45. A考查动词辨析。A. carry运送,携带;B. return返回,归还;C. mail邮寄;D. give给予。然后再
49、由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆,故选A。 以上四个小题都是考查词语辨析的,其中第42小题就属于词义复现,在文章的开头部分:On the 20th of that month, Dr. Welch 36 a sick boy, 就已经出现了sick原词。第43小题则通过将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来,从词汇意义的入手,抓住情节线索,很容易得知当地政府是想到了一个计划。第44和第45两个小题又是两个典型的词义复现类的题目,文章下一段:“The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana
50、 .” 出现了train一词,可知第44题应填rail。第45小题联系上文出现的:“They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana.” sent的原型send和carry属于同义词,结合语境,就能很轻松判断出来正确答案。. 利用语法分析解题 完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目。对于他们,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点,对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考,从而迅速解决问题。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、谓语
51、形式、非谓语形式、及物、不及物、持续性质、非持续性质、主谓搭配以及其如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其进行分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。例如,2016年北京卷中第46小题:The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was bl
52、ack from the extreme cold.46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If46. C考查时间状语从句。A. Though虽然;B. Since因为,自从;C. When当;D. If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时,他的脸已经被冻得乌青,故选C。 本小题考查的是时间状语从句,属于语法项目,表示 时候,先行词用when来引导。. 利用语篇标志解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群,段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语可称为语篇标志。如:表示结构层次的语篇标志的词有:firstly, secondly, third
53、ly, finally等。表示逻辑关系的有:thus, therefore,so等;表示改变话题的有:by the way等 ;表示递进关系的有besides, what is more, further等; 表示时间关系的有 before, so far, yet, meantime, meanwhile, now, later等等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章脉络,弄清上下文关系。例如,2016年全国1卷第43小题:Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry w
54、as 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If43. C考查连词辨析。根据语境可知,当他走近的时候,他又发现了另一辆汽车。as意思是“当时候”。根据语境分析,本段大意是Larry在Transport Drivers, Inc.这个公司
55、当司机,当他给客户送完货,在回去的路上沿165道路向北行驶。突然他看到一辆亮点灯的车,当他走得更近时,他又发现了一辆车坏在路上。本小题as是本句与前面句子间表明其内在联系的词语,先是看到一辆车亮着灯,然后才决定走过去。当走近的时候,又看到了另一辆车坏在路上。. 利用排除法解题 有时我们会遇上这样的情况:对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明了、但发现其它选项却有显而易见的谬误,这时候我们可以试试排除法:将干扰项逐项检查验证,凡发现有错误的选项,立即剔除出选择范围。随着选择范围的缩小,选项的准确率就会不断提高。经过这样分析推敲弃误留正,便会水落石出,找出正确答案。排除法如果运用得好,可以收到事半
56、功倍的效果。我们再来看2016年全国1卷第46题:One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned46. B考查形容词词辨析。根据第二段中a wo
57、mens voice coming from the wrecked vehicle可知,汽车是毁坏了的。used使用;disabled 残废的;removed被移除的;abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。以上四个选项结合语境,就可以用排除法来解答,很明显前三个选项不合逻辑,答案D。. 摆脱定势逆向思维 考生如果学习方法不当,对某些知识点进行了过度强调,就会产生思维定势。例如过度强调make sb. do sth.这一结构, 当看到 make sb.时就会不假思索地用不带to的不定式do sth.作宾语补足语。其实make sb. 后面也有可能接不定式短语的。如:The father made
58、 a paper tiger to please his son. 不过to please his son不是宾语补足语,而是目的状语。思维定势使一些考生形成猜题的心理。完形填空题中常利用反猜手段设计一些似是而非的题目,利用学生的思维定势,诱导学生“误入歧途”。例如,2016年北京卷第41小题, 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 .41. A. From B. On C. By D. After41. C考查介词辨析。A. From从,自;B. On在上面;C. By通过,在之
59、前;D. After在之后。“by+时间”与完成时连用,后跟过去的时间,用过去完成时;跟将来的时间,用将来完成时,故选C。本题倘若不是分析语法和语境,考生第一感觉很可能选B,因为介词on和某一天是常用习惯搭配。总之,完形填空解题时要注意运用适当的技巧,克服急躁心理,试着从上下文角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度、惯用法和固定搭配及语法和词义角度等多角度来进行分析,也就是把多种方法结合起来。四、省力捷径(1)经典诵读背诵是最好的最有效的解决方案。笔者经常布置给同学们一个任务:高考到来之前,每周背一篇完形填空的真题。完形填空的文字因为其内部有复杂的关系、精妙的结构、地道的表达,是高考试卷中最有价值的
60、语篇。在没有时间和水平充分开发真题价值的时候,背诵不失为一个很好的选择。如果能把这数十几套真题或从中挑选出二十篇左右的语段背下来,完形填空对你来说将不再是什么困难或障碍。而且,从真实语段中积累的词汇、句型都能潜移默化中变成自己的语言知识和技能,在再次面对完形的时候能够从容不迫游刃有余且在书面表达的时候更能给自己提供源源不断的灵感和原材料。 (2)注重练习良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底,有人说,得阅读者得天下。完形填空也不例外。培养自己良好的阅读习惯应做到:1. 要以意群,语义为单位读,不要逐词逐句地认;2. 要借助视觉扫读,不要手指唇动 或无声心读;3. 要从头至尾,一气呵成,不要频繁回读;4. 要直接理解原文,不要逐词逐句地心译;5. 要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词,推测出句意,不要频繁查阅词典;6. 逐步扩大视距,要纵式快速阅读,不要横式赏析细读。