1、2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训02语篇理解类：阅读理解之推理判断题推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。一、常见提问方式此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the follo
2、wing can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole, we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude th
3、at_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about, what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.二、选项特点1. 正确选项的特点：(1
4、)一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；(2)表述一般不会太绝对，会用一些意义相对宽泛的词，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；(3)有时候与通过常识判断出的结论相反，要特别注意。2. 干扰项的特点：(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；(2)与推断出来的正确结果相反；(3)根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑的基础上推理得出的结论；(4)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为依据，但推理过头、概括过度；(5)部分选项的内容纯属编造。推理判断题的设题形式
5、有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：推断内容考查点解题方法推断隐含含义考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力1. 跳读，找到相关信息点(推理的依据)；2. 细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义；3. 结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。推断写作意图考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文章的目的的能力根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章娱乐读者；2. 夹叙夹议文让读者得到某种启示或教育；3. 广告和议论文说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4. 科普说明文或新闻报道告知读者
6、某些信息。推断下段内容、文章出处考查考生通过阅读材料，预测内容及推断材料的来源的能力1. 根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2. 根据各种文体的特征来判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认；报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；产品说明的特点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。推断目标读者考查考生根据短文内容推断此篇文章主要是写给谁看的能力根据文章内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。2020年，全国卷I，CWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your h
7、oliday list, fur probably didnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to ta
8、lk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one
9、in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种).Its destroying the environment. Its them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check fo
10、r decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in mor
11、e than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think thats going to be a massive thing, at le
12、ast here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion
13、shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local
14、cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. Its formal.B. Its risky.C. Its harmful.D. It
15、s traditional.【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。28.推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about
16、 guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。29.推理判
17、断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30.词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals
18、 multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31.推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone t
19、hrowing paint on them-I think thats going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。1Have you ever seen a car without a driver? It sounds crazy, but these computer-driven cars may soon be filling roads near you. Compan
20、ies like Google and Tesla have been designing and testing such cars. They just need to run final tests to make sure whether they can run alongside human-driven cars on the road.The cars have sensors (传感器) all around which can detect other cars and blocks in the road. Sensors on the wheels help when
21、parking, so the car knows how far it is from the edge of the road or other parked cars. Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems (卫星导航系统) are used so the car knows how to get to your destination. All you have to doistypein the address! Finally, a central computer system takes
22、 in all the information it receives from the sensors and cameras and uses this to work out when to stop and speed up.Sounds like your idea of heaven? Sitting back, looking out of the windows and watching a film while driving would be possible with this new technology. Computers would drive more safe
23、ly than people they dont get disturbed by phones or talking, they would obey the speed limit and have quicker reaction in case of an emergency.However, driverless cars have many disadvantages. Computers would have difficulties making some decisions: if a child ran into the road, would the computer c
24、hoose to hit the child or turn quickly to hurt the cars passengers? And should children, or drunk people, be allowed in a driverless car by themselves? Besides these questions, many people may lose their jobs. For example, bus, taxi, train and tram drivers, as well as driving instructors.I dont real
25、ly want a driverless car butitis only a matter oftime before ordinary people will be able to afford them on our roads.1.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.How a driverless car works.B.What we need to drive a driverless car.C.The tests a driverless car needs to pass.D.The advantages of a drive
26、rless car.2.What does the underlined word “detect” in paragraph 2 mean?A.attract.B.help.C.discover.D.disturb.3.From the text we can learn that the driverless car_.A.can run faster than a traditional oneB.is suitable for a child to sitin it aloneC.has been used in many areas in the worldD.has many pr
27、oblems not yet solved4.What is the authors attitude towards the driverless car?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.2 We all love bank holidays. In the UK, we only get eight bank holidays in one year, and atleast five of those occur around Christmas time and Easter time! A bank holiday is a
28、British English term. This is an official day that is decided by the government, when banks, shops and offices close for the day even though its a weekday usually a Monday, and a lot of people have a day off work.Bank holidays are different in Colombia firstly, they are called “festivos”. There are
29、twenty festivos for the whole country in one year ! In Britain, people get more holiday allowance (津贴) than Colombians but fewer bank holidays. There can be even more festivos in Colombia, depending on which region of Colombia you live in. This is because different regions have their own holidays. F
30、or example, some regions have a patron saint (守护神) in their region, so they have an extra festivo to celebrate that saint.However, there are some days that are national holidays for historical reasons. There is an Independence Day celebration on July 20 every year. This is just like Bastille Day in
31、France on July 14, or Independence Day in the United States on July 4. Other important festivos in Colombia are： Labor Day, on May 1, and Columbus Day on October 12. Columbus Day is a historical bank holiday that almost every country on the continent of America celebrates. This includes Colombia, Ch
32、ile, Peru, Argentina, Mexico and the United States. It is a memorialization of the day that the Italian sailor, Christopher Columbus, first reached land on the continent in the year 1492. Many people criticize this day and say it is not something to celebrate because of the way Columbus and his team
33、s treated the people that were already living there.5.What is a “bank holiday” according to the text?A.A holiday only for the bank staff.B.A British traditional religion festival.C.A celebration for Christmas and Easter.D.An official nationwide rest day.6.What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.Colombi
34、a and Britain have the same number of festivos.B.All Colombians have the same number of festivos.C.Colombians have more bank holidays than the British.D.Different regions in Colombia have different patron saits to celebrate.7.Why do many Americans refuse to celebrate Columbus Day?A.Because Columbus
35、wasnt an American at all.B.Because Columbus once treated the locals badly.C.Because it wasnt Columbus that found America first.D.Because Columbus didnt live in the continent of America.8.What is the suitable title for the text?A.Bank Holidays in Western WorldB.How to Celebrate Bank HolidaysC.Celebra
36、tions of National HolidaysD.Why People Celebrate National Holidays3 Hee Ah Lee was born in 1985 in Seoul, South Korea with only two fingers on each hand, disfigurement (缺陷) of her legs, and a minor brain injury. Her mother thought her baby was beautiful, however, and was determined that she would li
37、ve a successful life.When Lee was a pre-schooler, her mother decided to send her to take piano lessons, and this was for two reasons. One was that she felt it would help her strengthen her hands so she could hold a pencil. The other was that she felt that if she could master the piano, she could mas
38、ter anything. For six months, piano schools turned them down, and then the one teacher who did accept the task became discouraged and wanted to quit. It became a three-month contest of wills between mother and daughter that led to a confrontation (对抗) in which mother actually threw her daughter on t
39、he floor in disappointment. She said Lee got back up on the piano seat and for the first time played the childrens song she had been trying to learn. That was the turning point, and one year later Lee won a prize in a piano concert for kindergarten children. It was at the age of seven that Lee won S
40、outh Koreas 19th National Handicap Conquest Contest and was presented with her award by the President of South Korea.Today, Lee is 32. She has become a successful concert pianist. Lee gives credit to her mother for challenging her to master the piano and said that although her training was difficult
41、, “As time went by, the piano became my source of inspiration and my best friend.”9.How does the text develop?A.By doing analysis.B.By following the time order.C.By making comparison.D.By giving examples.10.Why did Lees mother want her to learn the piano?A.She found Lee had a gift for the piano.B.Th
42、e doctor advised her to do so.C.She hoped Lee could master a skill.D.She thought it would help Lee to recover.11.What probably led to the confrontation between Lee and her mother?A.That Lees laziness discouraged her teacher.B.That they were turned down by piano schools.C.That Lee took no effort in h
43、er study.D.That Lee couldnt play the song.12.What does Lee think contribute to her success?A.Her hard work and willpower.B.The challenges her mother gave her.C.Her teachers encouragement.D.The inspiration from the President.4 It is rightly said one can share any secret with a true friend. He may kno
44、w your deepest fears and weaknesses and yet will never take advantage of you. However, keeping a friends secrets to yourself and not telling the world is what makes the bond grow strong and last forever. You need to develop trust and mutual (互相的) understanding before you start sharing secrets with e
45、ach other. With friends, secret talks never seem to end and it can get really amusing to know what has been going on in your friends mind.There is a certain time in life especially from the teenage years when one starts having a personal periphery (界限) in life and parents are excluded (排斥) from it.
46、It is because there are certain things that they cant understand and we cant discuss with them. That is when friends become the best secret sharers. They are the ones to whom one reveals ones feelings and best kept secrets.It is a general belief that only girls share secrets. But boys have their own
47、 secrets that they discuss with only closest friends. The secret talks can range (变化) from relationships, talks about fights with parents, secret activities and anything that is not supposed to be known to others! If you think secrets are limited to only teenagers, get your facts right! Secrets can
48、be shared at any age and there is no hard and fast rule that secrets are shared only among youngsters.Sharing secrets with a friend is not just fun, but it also helps to develop a lasting trust in one another. Sometimes, sharing secrets will tell you more about the person. You will come to know whet
49、her your friend is reliable and trustworthy and whether it is worth sharing your secrets with them. You can call it a test of friendship.13.What is an advantage of sharing secrets with a friend?A.It helps a lot in your study.B.It leads you to a carefree life.C.It makes you popular with other people.
50、D.It contributes to a long-term mutual belief.14.What does Paragraph 2 mainly try to show?A.Parents are always the best people to share secrets with.B.Teenagers prefer to share secrets with their friends.C.Parents should build trust with teenagers.D.Teenagers grow to be independent.15.The underlined
51、 word “reveals” in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by _.A.provesB.tellsC.getsD.holds16.What can be learned about sharing secrets?A.Its limited to girls.B.It follows strict rules.C.It can happen at any age.D.It does harm to a strong bond.5Not so long ago, a sailor sailing across the cold waters of t
52、he northern Pacific Ocean might have had every chance of meeting a sea cow. This cow would have measured 10 meters long and weighed between five and 10 tons and it would spend most of its day moving slowly in the seas, eating grass growing underwater. The cow in question was known as Stellers sea co
53、w, which has now died out.Today, many people dont know that such a strange creature once existed, or dont know its unbelievable story. but many scientists have discovered many fundamental facts about this mystical (神秘的) animal.Surprisingly, the first recorded sighting of a Stellers sea cow didnt hap
54、pen until 1741. When a sailing expedition (探险) was stuck on an uninhabited island, later named Bering Island. The sailors survived by hunting and eating the enormous sea cow. Like its modern relatives, the sea cow lived in groups. That and its slow moving behavior made it easy to be caught.Those sai
55、lors that escaped from the island spread word of the amount of meat to be found off its shore. As a result, more and more people came to hunt the animals. It is said that one sea cow could feed 33 men for a month.However, just 27 years after the island and species had been discovered by modern man,
56、the last sea cow was reported killed. This makes the sea cow one of the few truly large mammals known to have been driven extinct in the modern age.17.What does the underlined phrase “in question” in Para 1 mean?A.In danger.B.Referred to.C.In doubt.D.Being questioned.18.When did the Stellers sea cow
57、 become extinct?A.In 1717.B.In 1741.C.In 1768.D.In 1775.19.Which of the following words can best describe the Stellers sea cow?A.Endangered.B.Huge.C.Strange.D.Mild.20.What is the text mainly about?A.An unbelievable story about the Stellers sea cow.B.When the Stellers sea cow became extinct.C.How the
58、 Stellers sea cow has been driven extinct.D.The discovery about the Stellers sea cow dying out.6A storm hit Houston, Texas, on Tuesday. It brought heavy rains and rising flood-waters. By Tuesday night, some parts of the city had received 10 inches of rain. Police and firefighters helped people move
59、to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses that were stuck on roads.Certain areas around Houston were hit really hard. In just four hours, more than seven inches of rain fell in Sugar Land in the southwest of Houston. Cars could not pass through any of the areas main roadways. On Twi
60、tter, Sugar Land city officials asked people to get to high ground.Tuesdays rain hit parts of Texas that Hurricane Harvey had already damaged almost two years ago. Hurricane Harvey in August, 2017 was the second most costly hurricane in US history. It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In
61、 the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150, 000 homes were flooded.A spokesman for the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management spoke with the Houston Chronicle. The spokesman said that this weeks rain is “not in any way a Harvey-level event.”But the worst may not be o
62、ver yet. People will have a break from the heavy rain on Wednesday. According to the National Weather Service, the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week. Today should be our quietest over the next few days for rainfall,” said Don Oettinger, a National Weather Serv
63、ice meteorologist (气象学家).Houston Fire Chief Samuel Peia warned, “As there is too much water on the ground, these are perfect conditions for flash floods, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home. Theres no sense in putting yourself, firefighters or anybody i
64、n danger needlessly.”21.What are Paragraphs 1 and 2 mainly about?A.Flood damage in Houston.B.Flood prevention in Houston.C.Heavy floods hitting Houston.D.People fighting floods in Houston.22.What do we know about Hurricane Harvey?A.It caused no deaths or injuries.B.It did a lot of damage to Texas.C.
65、It was less serious than this weeks rain.D.It was the biggest hurricane on record.23.What can we learn from the weather report of the National Weather Service?A.Fine days are coming.B.It will rain a little non-stop.C.A hurricane is unavoidable.D.Floods will continue.24.What did Samuel suggest local
66、people do?A.Stay indoors.B.Join firefighters.C.Give up needless things.D.Comfort those who lost homes.1【答案】1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B【解析】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车的工作原理和优缺点。1.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段sensors (传感器)、Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems (路标由摄像头读取，并使用卫星导航系统)以及a central computer system(中央
67、计算机系统)可知，这一段主要介绍的就是无人驾驶汽车是如何工作的。所以A项How a driverless car works(无人驾驶汽车如何工作)满足本段段意。故此题选A。2.词义猜测题。根据下一句Sensors on the wheels help when parking, so the car knows how far it is from the edge of the road or other parked cars.(车轮上的传感器在停车时有帮助，因此汽车可以知道它离路边或其他停放的汽车有多远)可知，传感器的作用就是探测道路搜集信息。所以C项discover(发现)满足题意。
68、故此题选C。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Computers would have difficulties making some decisions(电脑在有些情况下很难做决定)和Besides these questions, many people may lose their jobs.(许多人会因此失去工作)我们可以推断出无人驾驶汽车还有许多问题需要被解决。故此题选D。4.推理判断题。根据最后一自然段I dont really want a driverless car(我不想要无人驾驶汽车)可知，作者不喜欢无人驾驶汽车。所以B项negative(消极的)满足作者的态度。故此题选B
69、2【答案】5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A【解析】本文为一篇说明文。短文介绍了西方国家法定假日的由来以及人们的庆祝方式。5.细节理解题。根据第一自然段A bank holiday is a British English term. This is an official day that is decided by the government, when banks, shops and offices close for the day even though its a weekday(银行假日是有官方承认的正是节假日，即便是在工作日银行、商店和办公室都可以休息)，我们可以知道法定假日由
70、有政府所承认的官方假日。故此题选D。6.细节理解题。根据第二自然段There are twenty festivos for the whole country in one year ! In Britain, people get more holiday allowance (津贴) than Colombians but fewer bank holidays.一年全国有二十个节日！在英国，人们得到的假期津贴比哥伦比亚人多，但银行假期却少与哥伦比亚。所以哥伦比亚的法定假日比英国的多。故此题选C。7.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Many people criticize this day
71、 and say it is not something to celebrate because of the way Columbus and his teams treated the people that were already living there. 许多人批评这一天，说这不值得庆祝，因为哥伦布和他的船队对待当地居民的方式。由此判断出许多美国人拒绝庆祝哥伦布日，因为哥伦布曾经对当地人很不友好。所以此题选B。8.主旨大意题。根据第一段We all love bank holidays. In the UK, we only get eight bank holidays in
72、one year, and at least five of those occur around Christmas time and Easter time! A bank holiday is a British English term.我们都喜欢银行假日。在英国，我们一年中只有8个法定假日，其中至少5个是在圣诞节和复活节前后。银行假日是一个英式英语术语。第二段第一句Bank holidays are different in Colombia哥伦比亚，法定假日是不同的。根据第三段However, there are some days that are national holida
73、ys for historical reasons. However, there are some days that are national holidays for historical reasons. 然而，由于历史原因，有些日子是法定假日。所以A项Bank Holidays in Western World(西方国家的法定假日)是本文最佳标题。故此题选A。3【答案】9.B 10.C 11.D 12.B【解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了天生残疾的Hee Ah Lee在母亲的挑战下学习钢琴，最后成为一名成功音乐会钢琴家的故事。9.推理判断题。根据第一段中Hee Ah Lee was bor
74、n in 1985 in Seoul，第二段中When Lee was a pre-schooler和at the age of seven，第三段中Today, Lee is 32.等信息可知文章是按照时间顺序来写的，故选B。10.细节理解题。根据第二段中this was for two reasons. One was that she felt it would help her strengthen her hands so she could hold a pencil. The other was that she felt that if she could master the
75、 piano, she could master anything.可知母亲让Lee学钢琴有两个原因，一是可以增强她的手的力量，这样她就可以拿铅笔了。二是如果她能学会弹钢琴，她就能学会任何东西。母亲希望她能学会一门技能，故选C。11.推理判断题。第二段中提到For six months, piano schools turned them down, and then the one teacher who did accept the task became discouraged and wanted to quit. It became a three-month contest of
76、wills between mother and daughter that led to a confrontation (对抗) in which mother actually threw her daughter on the floor in disappointment.六个月后Lee被钢琴学校拒绝，老师很灰心，想要放弃。母亲对她很失望，这些导致了母女之间对抗。由此推断导致母女对抗的原因不是她被学校拒绝，也不是Lee懒惰和不努力，而是她不会弹奏曲子。故选D。12.细节理解题。根据最后一段Lee gives credit to her mother for challenging h
77、er to master the piano可知Lee称赞她的母亲挑战她学会了弹钢琴，这促成了她的成功。故选B。4【答案】13.D 14.B 15.B 16.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人在成长过程中总有一些连父母都不能交流的事情，此时只有和真正的朋友才可以分享自己的秘密，这样可以解决一些自己不能解决的问题，也可以考验真正的友谊。13.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Sharing secrets with a friend is not just fun, but it also helps to develop a lasting trust in one another. （与
78、朋友分享秘密不仅有趣，还有助于建立彼此间持久的信任。）可知与朋友分享秘密的好处在于它有助于建立长期的相互信任。故选D。14.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句There is a certain time in life especially from the teenage years when one starts having a personal periphery in life and parents are excluded from it.（人生中总有那么一段时间，尤其是在青少年时期，一个人开始有了自己的生活圈子，而父母却被排除在外。）和That is when friends be
79、come the best secret sharers.可知第二段主要试图表明青少年更喜欢和他们的朋友分享秘密。故选B。15.词义猜测题。根据上文That is when friends become the best secret sharers. 这就是朋友成为最好的秘密分享者的时候。可知青少年喜欢将自己的感情和秘密告诉自己的朋友，故可推测划线单词意思为“告诉；说”。故选B。16.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Secrets can be shared at any age and there is no hard and fast rule that secrets are shared
80、 only among youngsters.（秘密可以在任何年龄分享，也没有严格的规定秘密只能在年轻人之间分享。）可知分享秘密可以发生在任何年龄。故选C。5【答案】17.B 18.C 19.B 20.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了虎头海牛是怎样灭绝的。17.短语猜测题。第一段描述了海牛的外形和习性，根据划线短语后“was known as Stellers sea cow(就是虎头海牛)”可推知，“The cow in question was known as Stellers sea cow, which has now died out.”意思是“上面提到的海牛就是虎头海牛，
81、现在已经灭绝了”，所以“in question”意思是“提到的”，故选B项。18.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Surprisingly, the first recorded sighting of a Stellers sea cow didnt happen until 1741.(令人惊讶的是，直到1741年才有了第一次虎头海牛的记录)”和最后一段第一句“However, just 27 years after the island and species had been discovered by modern man, the last sea cow was reported
82、killed. (然而，在这个岛屿和物种被现代人发现后仅仅27年，最后一头虎头海牛被杀死)”可知，虎头海牛是在1768年灭绝的，故选C项。19.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“This cow would have measured 10 meters long, and weighed between five and ten tones.(这头牛测量约10米长，重5到10吨。)”可知，虎头海牛体型巨大。故选B项。20.主旨大意题。通读全文并结合最后一段中“This makes the sea cow one of the few truly large mammals known to ha
83、ve been driven extinct in the modern age.(这使海牛成为已知的在现代灭绝的真正的大型哺乳动物之一)”可知，文章主要讲述了虎头海牛是怎样灭绝的。故选C项。6【答案】21.C 22.B 23.D 24.A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍一场风暴袭击了休斯敦，引发了大量降水和城市内水位上涨，当地政府提醒人们居家注意安全。21.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Police and firefighters helped people move to safe places. They also saved people from cars and buses tha
84、t were stuck on roads.”和第二段中“Cars could not pass through any of the areas main roadways.”可知，两段主要在描写大量降水导致休斯敦城市内洪水泛滥造成的后果，C选项“泛滥的洪水袭击了休斯敦”符合文意。故选C项。22.细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“It caused $125 billion worth of damage in Texas. In the Houston area, 36 people died and about 150, 000 homes were flooded.”可知，两年前席卷德克
85、萨斯州的飓风造成了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡，与B选项描述一致。故选B项。23.推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“According to the National Weather Service, the Texas Gulf Coast will continue to experience heavy rain later in the week.”并结合该段内容可知，人们在周三能稍微松口气，但这一周后面几天降水将会继续，届时洪水必然会再次泛滥。故选D项。24.细节理解题。根据最后一段Samuel所说的话“As there is too much water on the ground, these are perfect conditions for flash floods, so we hope people are careful of what theyre doing and encourage them to stay home.”可知，他希望人们注意安全，并鼓励他们待在家里，与A选项“stay indoors”含义一致。故选A项。