1、第十讲 名词性从句名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词，可做主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句(见下表)。名词性从句连接词主语从句 用 that,who,whether,if(不用于句首),what(thething that)等连接词引导宾语从句 用 that(可 省 略),if,whether(or not),what(thething which)等连接词引导表语从句 用 that(一 般 不 省 略),whether,what(the thingwhich)等连接词引导同位语从句 用 that(常指
2、代 news,thought,idea 等词),whether等连接词引导结构常见句型It is名词主语从句It is a fact/pity that.事实是/遗憾的是/Itis an honor that.非常荣幸/It is commonknowledge that.是常识/It is a question疑问词.问题是It is形容词主语从句It is clear that很清楚/It is surprisingthat.令人惊讶的是一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.用 it 做形式主语的结构结构常
3、见句型It不及物动词主语从句It seems that.似 乎/It happenedthat.碰 巧/It appears that.看来It is/has been过去分词主语从句It is reported/said/believed that.据报道/据说/人们认为/It has beenproved that.已证实(续表)说明例句if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Its unknown whether/if he will come.(正)Whether he will come or not is unknown.(正)If he will come or not is un
4、known.(误)It is said/reported that.结构中的主语从句不可提前It is said that Jiang will visit our schoolnext week.(正)Jiang will visit our school next week issaid.(误)2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况说明例句It happens that./It occursto sb.that.结 构 中 的 主语从句不可提前It occurred to him that he failed in theexamination.(正)That he failed in the
5、 examinationoccurred to him.(误)It doesnt matter how/whether.结构中的主语从句不可提前It doesnt matter whether he is right ornot.(正)Whether he is right or not doesntmatter.(误)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前Is it likely that it will rain in theevening?(正)Is that it will rain in the evening likely?(误)(续表)说明例句做动词的宾语由 that 引
6、导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)My father always says that nopains,no gains.父亲常常说，不劳无获。由 what,whether/if,when,where,who 等引导的宾语从句He went to see who wasoutside.动词间接宾语宾语从句She explained to the teacherwhy she was late this morning.她向老师解释今早她为什么迟到。二、宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中做宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。他过去看是谁在外面。说明例句做介词的宾语(通常由
7、疑问词what,whether,when,where,how 等引导)According to what he has said,he must have known the truth.根据他所说的，他一定已经知道了真相。做形容词的宾语I am very glad that you can cometo the party.我很高兴你能来参加派对。it 做形式宾语The headmaster has made it clearthat smoking is not allowed inthe school.校长明确表明学校不准吸烟。(续表)说明例句否定前移(若主句主语为第一人称，且谓语动词为
8、 think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine 等时，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式)We dont think he likes thetoy.我们认为他不喜欢这个玩具。(续表)三、表语从句表语从句是在复合句中做表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem 等。引导表语从句的引导词 that 一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The reason why.is that.
9、”“It/This/That is because.”“It/This/That is why.”等。如：他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。The reason why he was late for school is that he missed theearly bus.He was late for school.That is because he missed the earlybus.He missed the early bus.That is why he was late for school.四、同位语从句同位语从句是在复合句中做同位语的名词性从句，通常由that 引导，
10、对名词作进一步的解释说明或说明名词的具体内容。在表示疑问或问题的名词 question,problem 等后，也有用疑问词引导的同位语从句。如：News came that he had been admitted to a key university.有消息说他被一所重点大学录取了。He put forward a question in the meeting who will take chargeof the new department.他在会议上提出谁来负责这个新部门的问题。五、特别提醒1.whether,if(是否)引导名词性从句的区别(1)放在句首引导主语从句或出现 or n
11、ot 时，只能用 whether引导。(2)if 不能引导表语从句。(3)if 不能引导介词后的宾语从句。(4)宾语从句是否定句时只能用 if。(5)discuss 后的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导。注意：doubt 作“怀疑”讲，后接宾语从句时，如主句是肯定句，宾语从句用 whether 或 if 引导；如主句是否定句或疑问句，宾语从句只能用 that 引导。如：I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。I dont doubt that he can do it very well.他能把它做好，我不怀疑。2.表示建
12、议、命令、要求等意义的名词性从句要用“(should)动词原形”，should 可以省略。如：My suggestion is that he(should)be told the truth.我的建议是要告诉他事实。He insisted that the meeting(should)be held according to theschedule.他坚持认为会议应该按议程进行。The general made the order that every soldier(should)bewell-prepared for the coming battle.将军命令每个士兵都要为即将开始的战斗做好准备。It is the teachers command that all the homework(should)behanded in tomorrow morning.老师要求所有作业都要在明天上午上交。