1、核心素养测评五 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab. 阅读理解AHacking isnt just for computers and smart phones. According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. Someday, the results could increase the number of food produced around the world. Scienti
2、sts used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants genes. Hacked plants are larger than normal plants. Photosynthesis is the word used to describe how plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make their own food. Scientists say this is a very slow process. Plants us
3、e less than 1 percent of the energy. But by hacking a plants genes, the scientists were able to increase the amount of leaf growth on plants between 14 and 20 percent. Scientists hacked the plants protective system. Normally, this system starts when a plant gets too much sunlight. When the plant sen
4、ses the light, it creates more leaves. When the plant is in shade, the protective system is turned off. And the process is slow. The new study sped up the process by changing the plants genes, the protective system turned on and off more quickly than normal. As a result, leaf growth on the plants sc
5、ientists used in the study increased. Leaf growth on two plants increased by 20 percent, while leaf growth on a third plant increased by 14 percent. Scientists conducted the study on tobacco plants. But they think the genetic changes would produce the same results in corn and rice. Agriculture profe
6、ssor Tala Awanda said the study makes sense, but cautioned the yield(产量)might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still, she added in an email, “this study remains a breakthrough”. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了科学家研究发现了通过植入植物基因使植物更快地利用阳光的方法, 这种方法对提高粮食产量是个重大突破。1. Which of the following is true acc
7、ording to Paragraph 1? A. We can find hacking only in digital devices. B. A plants genes can be changed by hacking. C. Hacking can be used to change whatever you want. D. Hacking has been used in improving food production. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in or
8、der to make it use sunlight more quickly”可知, 科学家发现了一种通过植入植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法, 由此可知, 植物的基因可以通过植入来改变。2. Why did scientists choose tobacco plants to study? A. Because they are very easy to get. B. Because their genes are easy to change. C. Because they are larger than other plants. D. Because they can abs
9、orb sunlight quickly. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists used tobacco plants in the study because it is easy to change the plants genes. ”可知, 科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变。3. We can learn from Paragraph 4 that changing the plants genes proved . A. uselessB. deadlyC. effectiveD. unrealistic【解析】选C。 细节理解题。
10、根据第四段中的“As a result, leaf growth on the plants scientists used in the study increased. ”可知, 结果, 科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了, 由此可知, 植入植物基因的方法证明是有效的。4. What is Tala Awandas attitude toward the study? A. Doubtful. B. Neutral. C. Objective. D. Critical. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的. . . the study makes sense, but cau
11、tioned the yield might not be quite so high for conventional food crops. Still, she added in an email, “this study remains a breakthrough”. 可知, Awanda说这个研究很有意义, 但她警告说对传统农作物来说, 产量可能不会那么高, 最后她还说不管怎样, 这项研究仍是一个突破, 由此可知Awanda对这项研究持客观态度。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. smart adj. 聪明的; 智能的2. normal adj. 正常的 3. process n. 过程4.
12、 amount n. 数量5. protective adj. 保护的6. conventional adj. 传统的7. speed up 加速8. make sense 有意义难句解读 According to a study, scientists have found a way to hack a plants genes in order to make it use sunlight more quickly. 分析: According to a study 在句中作状语, to hack a plants genes在句中作定语, in order to make it us
13、e sunlight more quickly在句中作目的状语。翻译: 根据一个研究, 科学家们已经找到了一个植入植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法。背景链接 Hack英译为黑客。黑客攻击通常指未经授权入侵计算机或网络。从事黑客活动的人被称为黑客。该黑客可能会改变系统或安全特性, 以实现不同于系统最初目的的目标。黑客行为也可以指非恶意的活动, 通常涉及对设备或流程的不寻常或临时变更。B(2020揭阳模拟)Many of us have reached in our pockets, feeling a vibration (振动), wrongly believing our mobile ph
14、ones have just rung. The phenomenon even has a name: phantom (幻觉的) vibration syndromeand found it is surprisingly common. Now scientists believe that we are so alert (警觉的) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms (痉挛)as proof of a call. Robert Rosenberger, an ass
15、istant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls. He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on “silent”. But when the device is retrieved, there is no
16、 one on the other end. Dr. Rosenberger said he found so many people say, “This happens to me, but I thought I was the only one. I thought I was odd. ” It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call(等待) of mobile phones or pagers. A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and coll
17、eagues found that nearly 70 percent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 percent. While the odd feeling is widespread, it does not seem to be considered a grave problem. Dr. Rosenberger sa
18、id, “Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. Thats just the name thats got stuck to it. ” He added, “Only 2 percent of people consider it a problem. ”While this phenomenon is widespread, the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer pha
19、ntom calls. Dr. Rosenberger said, “People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy. The cognitive(认知的)scientists are talking about brain chemistry, cognitive pathways changing. But its not like they have brain scans to go on. ” He said, “We have a phone call in our pocket all the time
20、 and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves. We have this sort of readiness to experience a call. We feel something and we think, OK, that could be a call. ”【文章大意】本文是一篇社会生活类文章。文章介绍了一种非常普遍的病症振动幻听综合征。5. Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call? A. They all have a vivid imaginat
21、ion. B. They are sensitive to calls and messages. C. There are few calls and messages in their life. D. Slight muscle spasms affect them more than other people. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段中的“Now scientists believe that we are so alert for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spas
22、ms as proof of a call. ”可知, 科学家们认为我们对手机电话和短信如此警觉以至于我们会把轻微的肌肉痉挛误认为是电话。6. Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others? A. Doctors. B. University professors. C. College students. D. The cognitive scientists. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg
23、and colleagues found that nearly 70 percent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations. A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 percent. ”可知, 90%的大学生患有振动幻听综合征。7. In Dr. Rosenbergers opinion, phantom vibration syndrome . A. isnt a kind
24、of disease actuallyB. is considered a problem by most peopleC. is a serious problem ignored by peopleD. has something to do with brain chemistry【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense. ”可知, Dr. Rosenberger认为, 从专业角度来说, 这并不是一种综合征。也就是说, 他认为这并不是一种病。8. What does the text main
25、ly talk about? A. Most people have phantom vibration syndrome. B. How to keep away from phantom vibration syndrome. C. How to reduce phantom phone vibrations. D. People care too much about phantom phone vibrations. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第一段是文章中心段。该段主要介绍了振动幻听综合征是一种非常普遍的现象。大部分人都患有振动幻听综合征。本文简单分析了这种现象的原因以及科学家们对此
26、的看法。【误区警示】本题容易误选B。本文提到振动幻听综合征, 很多会想到是如何预防, 但本文没提到该问题, 只是谈了这一普遍现象。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. common adj. 普遍的2. proof n. 证据3. describe v. 描述4. indicate v. 表明5. widespread adj. 广泛的6. phenomenon n. 现象7. nervous adj. 紧张的难句解读 He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone ind
27、icating it has received a text message or call while on “silent”. 分析: which引导定语从句修饰 feeling, they think是一个插入语; which在定语从句中作主语; indicating 为现在分词短语作定语。while后为一个省略的时间状语从句。翻译: 他说患者描述了一种模糊的刺痛感, 他们认为是他们的手机在静音状态下提示收到了一条短消息或电话。背景链接 振动幻听综合征(phantom vibration syndrome)其实是一种由科技产品所带来的现象, 在手机普及化后大家开始依赖手机, 当手机放在包
28、包、口袋等这些我们无法看到的地方时, 就会开始产生不安与幻觉。振动幻听综合征是预期焦虑的结果, 影响近70%的手机用户。这些用户已经非常习惯于手机响动, 大脑会在他们“需要”的时候, 让他们产生手机响动的错觉。研究发现, 大约有68%的手机用户出现振动幻听综合征, 其中87%的人每周都会有这种错觉, 13%的人每天产生这种错觉。. 阅读填句Alcohol addiction is harmful. It may ruin your life, family and career. Here are some ideas to help people stop drinking. First S
29、tepThe first step to stop drinking is to know why you want to stop drinking. Make a list of reasons to stop drinking alcohol. 1It would be better to display it in several places like on your fridge door and in your handbag to increase chances of seeing it. Reduce Drinking Alcohol GraduallyIf youre a
30、 heavy drinker for a long time, it may not be possible for you to put a full stop to drinking within one day. 2In addition, fix a date for a final complete stop. Talk To Your DoctorAlcohol addiction is a disease, and may have caused a few chemical changes in your body system. It might have affected
31、your important organs such as liver, heart, kidney, and so on. 3Join Support GroupsThere are many support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous and AVERT. 4 They provide practical tips and suggestions based on their own experience. Learn To Say a Firm NOFriends at drinking clubs may invite you to drink w
32、ith reasons. 5 You should learn to stay active by developing new hobbies and interests and spending that alcohol drinking time with your family and friends. A. Turn down their invitations with polite yet firm Nos. B. Alcohol can influence peoples health and how they act. C. You can also look for a f
33、riends help to complete the list. D. Usually, therefore, you need expert medical help for treatment. E. The very best choice might be to drink less and then stop drinking gradually. F. For example, people may drink to deal with problems like boredom, stress, or money troubles. G. Their membership co
34、nsists of previous alcohol addicts who have successfully given up their addiction. 【文章大意】本文作者针对如何戒掉酒瘾这一问题, 给出了自己的一些建议。1. 【解析】选C。Make a list of reasons to stop drinking alcohol. 这里提到了列一张戒酒原因的清单, 选C(你也可以寻找朋友的帮助来完成这张清单)。2. 【解析】选E。由If youre a heavy drinker for a long time, it may not be possible for you
35、 to put a full stop to drinking within one day. 和In addition, fix a date for a final complete stop. 可知这里提到了循序渐进地戒酒, 故选E(最好的选择是少喝点, 逐渐完全戒掉)。3. 【解析】选D。根据这段的标题Talk To Your Doctor, 可知这里意思是因此, 你通常需要专业的药物治疗, 选D。4. 【解析】选G。由There are many support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous and AVERT. 和They provide pra
36、ctical tips and suggestions based on their own experience. 可知这里意思是他们的会员包括以前喝酒上瘾的人, 他们已经成功戒掉了酒瘾, 选G。5. 【解析】选A。由Friends at drinking clubs may invite you to drink with reasons. 和You should learn to stay active by developing new hobbies and interests and spending that alcohol drinking time with your fam
37、ily and friends. 可知这里意思是礼貌并且坚定地说“不”, 拒绝他们的邀请, 选A。. 短文改错The busy school life started again a month ago. The more exciting part of it came in September when my classmates and I attended the very Heritage Across Borders Program which took place at Zhejiang University. The program mainly focused at how
38、heritage is valued and preserved. As young activists in heritage protection, we felt it honored to meet the worlds leading group of researchers and professional in heritage studies. We are deeply impressed by their skills. Besides, their anecdotes were extreme interesting. China is highlighted what
39、is known as cultural confidence nowadays. But we are proud of our efforts to preserve local heritage. 【文章大意】文章主要讲的是作者参加在浙江大学举办的“跨国界遗产计划”的相关情况。1. 【解析】第二句moremost。考查形容词最高级。此处应用最高级表示学校生活最令人兴奋的部分。2. 【解析】第二句whichthat。考查定语从句的关系代词。先行词前有 the very修饰时, 定语从句的关系代词应用that而不用 which。3. 【解析】第三句aton。考查介词。 focus on是固定
40、短语, 意为“聚焦于”。4. 【解析】第四句去掉felt后的it。考查代词。此处主句是主系表结构, it是多余的。5. 【解析】第四句professional professionals。考查名词的复数。根据并列连词and前的 researchers可知, 此处应用复数形式。6. 【解析】第五句arewere。考查动词的时态。本文主体时态为过去时态, 此处表示过去的情况, 所以应用一般过去时。7. 【解析】第六句extremeextremely。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词 interesting。8. 【解析】第七句highlighted highlighting。考查主动语态。 highlight与句子主语 China是主动关系而非被动关系。9. 【解析】第八句ButSo。考查连词。此处前后为因果关系而非转折关系, 故用So连接。 10. 【解析】第八句local前加the。考查冠词。此处特指“当地遗产”, 故加上定冠词the。
