1、专题十三 名词语法专题 名词的考查要点 语法填空1名词的考查要点1.可数名词的数这里主要讲其不规则变化。(1)单、复数同形。如：means，aircraft，deer，fish，Chinese，Japanese，sheep，works(工厂)，cattle。(2)合成名词的复数。如：boyfriendboyfriends，gobetweengobetweens(中间人)，grownupgrownups。(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物，wages工 资，riches财 富，surround
2、ings环 境，ashes灰 尘，compasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb.同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give ones regards to sb.向某人问候，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people，cattle，police；有 些 名 词 只 用 作 单 数，如：machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作
3、复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多(指整体)。The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了(指个体)。2.不可数名词的数(1)一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名词)in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honour赢得荣誉an honour引起尊敬的人(
4、事)failure失败a failure失败者by experience靠经验an experience一次经历with pleasure乐意a pleasure乐事抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim，bath，talk)with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to h
5、er mother for her wrong doings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。3.名词所有格“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：(1)用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，
6、five minutes walk(drive)，five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。(2)用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。4.名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。(1)分类意义。air pollution 空气污染 boy friend男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯body language身体语言road accident交通事故the Nobel Prize
7、诺贝尔奖(2)时间、地点、称呼等。Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校winter sleep冬眠(3)表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。reception desk接待台sports field田径场stone table石桌color TV彩电5.几组常考名词辨析(1)cause，reason，excusecause是造成某种客观事实或现象的原因，后接介词of；reason是说明一种看法或行为的理由，后接介词for；excuse是“借口、辩解”的意思。Carelessness is the cause of the accident.T
8、he reason for her coming late was that her car broke down on the way.Late again!Whats your excuse of this time?(2)sight，view，scene，scenerysight指“景色”时为可数名词，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“美景”或“名胜”，尤指人工制成的景色。Come and see the sights of London.view通常指自然景色，或指从远处或高处看到的景观、景物。We can get a very good view of the sea from the
9、 top of the tower.scene所表达的景色常是scenery的一部分，常指自然景色，也可指舞台的场景、现实生活中的场景、场面、情景。The sunrise is a beautiful scene.I was touched by the happy scene.scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。The best part of the trip was the scenery.It was fantastic.(3)award，reward两者既可作名词也可作动词。award用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”，用作动词时，常用于awar
10、d sth.to sb.中；reward作名词时，意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”，用作动词时，常用于reward sb.for sth.。He won the first award in the singing contest.He received a reward of$900 from the police for catching the criminal.(4)habit，custom，customshabit指个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的行为和习惯；custom则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成的“风俗”、“习惯”；customs为复数名词，意思是“关税”、
11、“进口税”，当首字母大写并与the连用时表示“海关”的意思。选词填空reach，cause，custom，reward，point，tradition，view，panic1.“Tommy，run!Be quick!The house is on fire！”the mother shouted，with clearly in her voice.2.Theres a in our office that when its somebodys birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.题组训练panictradition3.Whats
12、the，in your opinion，of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?4.The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.5.The cat jumped away，out of his.6.We have a fine of the lake from our hotel window.7.How can I you for your help?8.Socia
13、l vary greatly from country to country.pointcausereachviewrewardcustoms2语法填空Charlotte：Can you tell me a little about 1.?Lucy：Yes，I finished school in 2004.Charlotte：I see that you did 2.(good)in your“A”level.Why didnt you go to university when you 3._(leave)school?Lucy：I wanted to get a job because
14、I had to help my parents，who had a big family 4.(support).yourselfwellhadleftto supportCharlotte：I see you are now a junior clerk in 5.trade company.Can you type?Lucy：Yes，my speed is 60 words per minute.Charlotte：Why do you want to leave your job there?Lucy：Id like a job 6.I can get 7.(much)experien
15、ce and learn about different kinds of work.Charlotte：Can you work on Saturdays or Sundays if we need you?awheremoreLucy：Yes，I can.Charlotte：If we offer you a job，when can you start?Lucy：I 8.give a weeks notice 9.I leave my present job.Charlotte：I see.Please fill in this 10.now.If anything turns up，Ill contact you.mustbeforeform