1、2015-2016高二选修八能力学案 （实验班专用） 姓名_ 班级_ 学号_ Editor: Guo SirProofreader: Guo sir Unit 2 Cloning重点单词用法1. differ vi. 不同于，不一样，有区别；有异议，（意见）有分歧1) The two systems differ in many respects. 这两种系统在许多方面不同。2) People differ from one another in their ability to handle stress.在应对压力方面人们的能力各不相同。 3) Human facial expressio
2、ns differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类与动物面部表情的不同之处在于，人类可以在一定程度上有意识地控制其表情。4) The symptoms did not differ between the two groups. 这两组之间的症状没有区别。5) We soon found that prices differed enormously/widely/greatly/significantly. 我们很快就发现价格相差很大。6) The two la
3、eyers differed about how to present the case. 如何陈述案情，两名律师意见不同。Thats _we differ. 【拓展】1)把和区分开 _ 2) It doesnt make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 对我来说，你是走是留都没有关系。 3) They settled their differences.2. undertake vt. _undertook_(pt.) _undertaken_（pp.）1)to accept that you are responsible for
4、a piece of work, and start to do it承担;从事;接受She undertook full responsibility for the new changes. 她为新变化承担全部责任。Dr Johnson undertook the task of writing a comprehensive English dictionary.约翰逊博士负起了编写一本综合英语词典的使命。2) undertake to do sth: to promise or agree to do something 承诺做某事，答应做某事；保证做某事He undertook to
5、 pay the money back in six months. 他保证六个月内还款。3. cast v. _cast_(pt) _cast_（pp）扔，投，掷（=toss）；投射（光或影）；向.瞧一瞧，看（瞅）.一眼；抛 （钓丝）；撒（网）; 1) Sparks leapt as he cast more wood on the fire.他往火堆里加木块时飞起了火星。2) The flames cast dancing shadows on the walls. 火光把跳舞的人影投射到墙上。3) She cast an anguished look at Guy. 她痛苦地瞥了盖伊一眼
6、。4) The fishermen cast their nets into the sea. 渔民们将网撒入海中。 5) The tragedy cast a shadow on their lives. 这一悲剧在他们的生命中投下了一片阴影。 6) Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal.研究克隆的科学教发现多利得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上。这让他们很沮丧。Dont be so cast down. Just k
7、eep up your spirits. 不要这么沮丧,打起精神来。【即学即练】他因考试不及格，情绪一直很低落。 He _by his failure in the examination.n. 1) 投;抛 The fisherman caught a fish at his first cast. 渔夫第一次掷钓线就钓到一条鱼。 2）演员阵容；全体演员 an all-star cast全明星演员阵容The show is very amusing and the cast are very good. 演出妙趣横生，演员的表演也很出彩。4. object vi&vt. 反对；不赞成；提出.
8、作为反对的理由；反对说1) If no one objects, I would like Mrs Harrison to be present. 如果没人反对的话，我想请哈里森夫人出席。2) Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract. 罗布森强烈反对合同中的条款。3) I objected to having to rewrite the article. 我不赞成重写这篇文章。They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他们反对说日程安排的太紧。Cullen objected
9、 that his small staff would be unable to handle the added work.卡伦提出反对，说他的人手较少，无法完成额外工作。n. 物体, 东西; 目的；目标；宗旨 In the cosy consulting room , the children are surrounded by familiar objects.在温馨的诊疗室里，孩子们周围摆满了亲切熟悉的东西。He made it his object in life to find the island. 他把找到那座岛屿当成自己的人生目标。The customer will bene
10、fit most, and that is the object of the exercise(=the purpose of what you are doing).客户将是最大的得益者，这正是此举的目的。【拓展】objection n. 反对, 异议, 厌恶；反对的理由1) I feel a strong objection to getting up early. 我极不愿意早起。2) They made an objection to the imperial system with resolution. 他们坚决反对帝制。3) Please present your object
11、ion to the plan. 请提出反对这个计划的理由。4) Local residents raised strong objections to the building application. 当地居民对这项建筑申请提出了强烈反对。5. obtain v. （尤指通过自身的努力、技能或工作）获得，得到(=get); （情况、系统或规则）继续存在，通用1) Only with mass direct action will we obtain such change. 只有采取大规模直接行动，我们才会取得这样的改变。2) Evans was trying to obtain a fa
12、lse passport and other documents.埃文斯正试图取得一本假护照和其他证件。3) The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain. 完美的身材总是很难拥有。4) The custom still obtains in some districts. 这种风俗在某些地方仍然流行。5) These conditions no longer obtain. 这些条件已不复存在。6) Different laws obtain in different places. 不同的法律适用在不同的地方。6. attain
13、vt. 7. forbid v. _forbade;forbad_(pt.)_forbidden_(pp.) 禁止；不准；阻止;妨碍，使(某人)不可能做某事（=prevent）1) The law strictly forbids racial or sexual discrimination.法律严禁种族或性别歧视。 2) The city forbids keeping dogs.3) He was forbidden to leave the house, as a punishment.作为惩罚，他被禁止离开家。(forbid sb to do sth)4) Women are for
14、bidden from going out without a veil. 妇女不披面纱禁止出门。(forbid sb from doing sth)5) Lack of space forbids listing the names of all those who contributed. 由于篇幅所限，无法列出所有捐款人的姓名。【即学即练】(1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止学生吸烟).(2) He _ _(禁止) enter the room.8. owe v. 欠（钱）；负（债）；应该做，应给予；对.负有.的义务；把.归功于，有.是由于；1) Blake alre
15、ady owed him nearly 50. 布莱克已经欠他将近50英镑了。2) The company owes money to more than 60 banks. 这家公司欠下60多家银行的债。3) Of course she would have to send a letter; she owed it to the family. 她当然必须寄封信回去，跟家里联系是应该的。4) Perhaps we owe these people more respect. 也许我们应该给予这些人更多的尊重。5) He probably owes his life to her promp
16、t action. 很可能是因为她行动迅速才救了他一命。 6) I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 亏得你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作。6) These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。 【即学即练】1) 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。_2) Owing to the rain, they could not come. 9. bother vt. 烦扰，打
17、扰; 使不安 vi. 操心; 麻烦; 烦恼 n.麻烦，不便，困难；难对付的人（事）Im sorry to bother you, but could you tell me the way to the station?对不起打扰一下，请问去车站怎么走？We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me. 我们在捉弄一个总是来烦我的人。Lots of people dont bother to go through a marriage ceremony these days. 如今很多人不再费心思举行婚礼。What a bother!
18、Weve missed the bus. 真恼人!我们错过了公交车。【高考链接】 I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.-_? Mary is interested.A. Why bother B. Why not C. So what D. What for10. Strike _struck_(pt.) _struck_(pp.)vt. 打，击，撞；突然意识到，突然想到；vi. 罢工；突然袭击，猛然攻击；（在争斗，竞争等中）取得先机1) She fell heavily, striking her head against the
19、 side of the boat. 她重重地摔了一跤，头撞在船舷上。2)A snowball struck him on the back of the head. 一团雪球打中他的后脑勺。3) It suddenly struck me that we could use a computer to do the job.4) They shouldnt be striking for more money. 他们不该为了得到更多的钱而罢工。5) 6) Brazil struck first with a goal in the third minute. 巴西队第三分钟先射入一球取得先机
20、。n. bego on strikeThe whole staff were on strike.The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down.短语用法1. pay off 【读句子，猜词义】 Ive just paid off my loan from this bank. Did your plan pay off?All those weeks of studying will pay off when you take the exam. 【拓展】1) They cant pa
21、y back the loan which they took for buying a house. Ill pay you back for what you did to me! 2) The student stepped out of the bookstore after he paid for the book.These people must be made to pay for their crimes.典型句式1.It suddenly opened everybodys eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure s
22、erious illness and even to produce human beings. 翻译：_2 It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.Hes in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact (ie more accurately).他五十多岁;确切说是五十六岁.【拓展】1) Thats _what I expected. 那正是我希望的.2) - People should stop using their cars and start usin
23、g public transport. - _. The roads are too crowded as it is. （2005浙江） A. All right B. Exactly C. Go ahead D. Fine3)So you gave her your phone? -_. she said shed return it to me when she could afford her own.(2011全国)A. My pleasure B. Not exactly C. No doubt D. All right.3.Then came the disturbing new
24、s that Dolly had become seriously ill. 当时间副词now, then位于句首，谓语是come, appear等表示出现的动词时，主句用全倒装语序。Now comes the boss you are waiting for.Then came the day we had been looking forward to.Now comes your turn. 4. Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.1)altoge
25、ther adv.There were altogether 42 students in the class. The food was good and we loved the atmosphere and the people. Altogether it was a great evening.I dont altogether agree with you. 2)original adj/n. 原始的; 最初的; 原创的 originally adv.The Indians were the original inhabitants of North America. 印第安人是北
26、美最早的居民. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.This is a translation; the original is in French. 5. Dollys appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.1) raise= bring about vt. 引起，使出现 The book raises many
27、 arguments about this issue. 比较:raise/ rise/ arise/ arouse2)a storm of: sudden violent outburst or display of strong feeling. a storm of protest/ bullets / cheers/ applause / criticism/ abuse 一阵抗议/弹雨/欢呼声/掌声/ 抨击/ 辱骂3) have/ make a strong/ great impact on 对有巨大影响The anti-smoking campaign has had quite
28、an impact on young people.巩固练习Fill in the blanks using the following words or phrases.bring back to life in vain retire from time to time in good condition strike into ones heart resist in favor of be bound to1.He _ from teaching three years ago.2.I found the temptation to miss the class too hard to
29、_. 3.He spoke out _the reform.4.Anyway he was dead，we could not_ him_.5.In a group as big as this, you _get occasional disagreement.6.We tried _to make him change his mind.7.Her daughters visited him _when he was ill.8.The car has been well maintained and is_.9.The news of H1N1 _ terror _ the people
30、s _. Read the texts (P11 and P15) and fill in the blanks1. The fact is _ these are both examples of natural clones.2. Cloning plants is straight forward _ cloning animals is very complicated.3. It is a difficult task to _.4. Many _ to clone mammals failed.5. The fact _ she seemed to develop normally
31、 was very _.6. Then came the disturbing news _ Dolly had become seriously ill.7. The questions _ concerned all scientists were “ Would this be a major difficulty for all _ animals? Would it happen forever? Could it be solved if _ were made in their research procedure?”8. However, scientists still wo
32、nder _ cloning will help or harm us and _ it is leading us.9.The popularity of the film Jurassic Park, _a scientist clones several different kinds of extinct dinosaurs, proves how interested ordinary people are in the subject.10.With _we know now, this is either impossible or unsuitable.11.Diversity
33、 in a group means having animals with their genes _(arrange) in different ways.12._ what we know now, you can not clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10000 years. M8U2学案答案：1.where tell the difference between and3.castcastcast; has been very much cast down6.forbids the students to smoke
34、is forbidden to8.He owes his success to hard work and practice. 9.A1.它突然打开了人们的眼界，看到了有可能利用克隆技术来治疗重病，甚至还有可能克隆出人类。2. exactly B BIII学以致用：1.retired 2.resist 3.in favor of 4.bringback to life 5. are bound to 6.in vain 7. from time to time 8.in good condition 9.struck terror into the peoples heart1. that 2. while 3. undertake 4. attempts 5. that; encouraging 6. that 7. that; cloned; corrections; procedure 8. whether; where 9.in which 10.what 11.arranged 12.Based on 版权所有：高考资源网()