1、Revise the Noun Clause 复习名词性从句名词性从句1 概述：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能, 名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause) 和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。What he wants to tell us is not clear. I believe (that) he is
2、honest. The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.2 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词/从属连词that, whether, if不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词: when,where,how,why 3. 不可省略的连词：1) 介词后的连词 2)引导主语从
3、句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon. 名词性从句的用法/ 功能主语从句的用法一、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在.句末, 句首则用形式主语it。1 That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round. 2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether
4、he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分, 只起连接作用, 不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句）二、用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that是常识(2) It is形容词从句 (多用 should) It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened
5、 that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It is 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说It is certain that he will come.It is said that some American friends will visit our school next week.It happened that we were out for a walk yesterday evening.It doesnt matter whether I
6、 stay or not三、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较u it作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调, 无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。u 例如: It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.u It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.u It is in the morning that the murder took place.u It i
7、s John that broke the window. u what与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that则不然, 即不担任成分。例如：u What you said yesterday is right.u That she is still alive is a consolation. 宾语从句的用法句子结构主语 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句连接词:从属连词that, whether, if连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 where, how, why,
8、 when注意: 1关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. B）在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us.C)后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：He doesnt know whether to stay or not.D)后面紧接or no
9、t 时。如： We didnt know whether or not 2 宾语从句的时态：如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时, 过去进行时), 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理, 定义, 公理, 定理时用一般现在时。When will Professor Li give us a talk? We wanted to know We want to know when Professor Li would give us a talk.Jim is a good student. The teacher said The teacher (that) Jim
10、was a good student.3 在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后, 宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。 I dont think he will see you. I dont believe he will go. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he4 在接复合宾语的句子中, 为了保持句子平衡, 用it作形式宾语, 将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think. I think
11、 it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. Ithinkitapitytowastethefood. 表语从句的用法在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句, 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样, 表语从句位于连系动词后, 有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。Thats what we should do. Thats why I want to see you. 注意 1）be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句： My suggestion is that we
12、should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain. 2）. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。 It looks as if its going to rain. It was because I got up late. 3）. 在非正式文体中, 引导表语从句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill. 4）在表语从句中, 当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that, 不能用because,如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was
13、 late was that he didnt catch the early bus.同位语从句the Appositive clause(1) 同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth , hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when,
14、where, whether, what等。e.g. The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back. 注意：同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team
15、 had won. 同位语从句的表现形式: 由that引导 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is
16、known to all. The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是
17、), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all. There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more. Altogether Dolly had lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别: 同
18、位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆,我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句) 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The news that they won the match is tr
19、ue.(同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系)The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语) 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when, where, who, whether等引导
20、; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born? 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用
21、be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won演练大冲关1(2015新课标全国卷语法填空)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2(2014广东高考语法填空)I didnt understand this woul
22、d happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.3(2012广东高考语法填空)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.4(2015湖南高考改编)You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.5(2015北京高考改编) we
23、 understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.6(2014浙江高考改编)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is my mother used to tell me.7(2014四川高考改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats I was born.”8(2014重庆高考改编)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterd
24、ay?Yeah, but I have no idea he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.9(2016南昌十所重点交流试卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check the bag had 50 gold coins.10(2016江西上饶三模) you can learn from the ant philoso
25、phy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.11(2016济南高三针对性训练)They expressed the hope they would come over to visit China again.12(2016潍坊高考模拟)He has heart disease. That is he has been smoking too much.13(2016大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me I could sleep. “Doesnt t
26、he sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to so much noise？”14(2016山师大附中模拟)There was a horrible summer thunderstorm this evening and the power went out, and your candles were just we needed.15(2016大连模拟)The notice came around two oclock in the afternoon the meeting would be put off.16(
27、2016龙口模拟)He worked very hard. Its no wonder he got the first prize.18(2016临沂模拟) we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.18(2016贵州高三考前适应性考试)We still have some doubt they can complete the task on time.19(2016太原五中一模) will come to help with my English hasnt been deci
28、ded.20(2016湖南株洲二中月考改编)With an optimistic attitude and a strong will, we can overcome difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.单句改错1(2016贵州七校联考短文改错)Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. 2(2016日照检
29、测短文改错)As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time. 3(2016东北三省四市第一次联考短文改错)Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years. 4(2016银川质量检测短文改错)I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man. Beyond my expectations, the woman
30、 answered with a smile. 5(2016郑州第三次质量预测短文改错)Fortunately, I had a mobile phone with me, so I called the police and told them that had been found. 6(2016河南三市第二次联考短文改错)That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have wellpaid jobs where they can live their lives to
31、 the fullest. 7(2016豫东、豫北名校联考)There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays. 8(2016云南师大附中月考)That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. Remember that you need information, not sentences. .语法填空(2016东北三省三校一模)The “selfie” is used
32、to describe the selftaken photo, often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does, and he only ends up _1_ (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the _2_(good). In that picture, he gains confidence. For that moment, everything bad or terribl
33、e that has happened to him_3_ (remove), because that smile is what gives him the_4_ (determine) to love himself.I read_5_ poem recently and the young man said, “If I ask you_6_ you love, the answers will most likely roll off your tongue.You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom, your da
34、ughter, or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say I love_7_(I)？”That statement hit me like a ton of bricks.Ive struggled with confidence all my life.I still do.And in_8_ way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway_9_ confidence._10_， the selfie does deserve
35、 some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves.语篇解读：很多人会把自己满意的自拍照发到网上去，他们认为这样可以使自己增强爱自己的决心。.短文改错(2016江西师大附中三模)All of us students want to grow up healthily and happily. Here are some tips to you to achieve this goal.First of all, we should have the positive attitude to life. As we all kn
36、ow, there is not only sunshine and also hard times in our life. So when face with difficulties, we should fight against it bravely. Whats more, we must work hard. The reason is because knowledge is power. Only by working hard we get the power to make contributions to our motherland. Final, it is imp
37、ortant to take exercises regularly and have balanced diets.Wed better do all the these things. The healthier we are, the happier we will be.参考答案：1 How 2 why/how 3 what 4 where 5 How 6 what 7 where 8 why 9 whether/if 10 What 11 that 12 because 13how 14 what 15 that 16that 17 Whether 18 whether 19 Who
38、 20 Whatever.单句改错1 thatwhat2 whathow3 thatsomething_that/all_that/all/what4 ifthat或去掉if5 thatwhat6 ThatWhat7 ifthat8 ThatWhat高考题型综合练语法填空：1posting考查非谓语动词作宾语。end up doing sth.为固定用法，意为“以而结束，最终做了某事”。2best考查形容词最高级形式。由语境可知此处表示从众多自拍照中选一张自己认为最好的，由此判断此处应用good 的最高级。3is removed考查时态和语态。由语境可知应用一般现在时，又因remove与eve
39、rything为被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。4determination考查名词。give sb.sth.“给某人某物”。又根据设空处前的the 也可判断设空处应用名词。determination为不可数名词，后面常用不定式作定语。5a考查冠词。设空处的poem为可数名词，在本句中表泛指，故与不定冠词连用。6what考查宾语从句。所填词在宾语从句中作宾语，故应用what。7myself考查代词。由空前的I及语境可知设空处用反身代词。8no考查倒装句式。根据本句中“am I saying”的倒装语序，可推知设空处应为否定词。表示否定意义的介词短语放在句首时，后面的主谓部分常用部分倒装形式。in no way “决不”。9to考查介词。a gateway to .为固定搭配，意为“通向之路”。10However考查副词。前后句之间是转折关系，并由后面的逗号可知应填However。短文改错：答案：第二句：第一个tofor第三句：thea第四句：andbut第五句：facefaced; itthem第七句：becausethat第八句：we前加can第九句：FinalFinally; exercisesexercise第十句：去掉the或these
