1、湖北省武汉外国语学校2020-2021学年高三第一学期12月调研考试英语试题第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A19.15 B.9.18 C.9.15答案是C。1. Who lost an iPad ?A. Tom
2、 B. Bill C. Mike2. Where does the conversation probably take place ?A. In a hospital B. In a classroom C. In a library3. What will the woman do next ?A. Bring the man a new salad B. Take away the mans colaC Give the man some cheese4. Why will the man get home late today ?A. To work overtime B . To s
3、ee Gina off C. To have fun in a club5 How did Jane spend the weekend?A. Visiting the museum B. Doing some cleaning C. Helping his uncle on the farm第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What does the man say about Kate ?A. She is at a university B. She is Ginas friend C. She works in a company7
4、. How many countries will Kate visit ?A. Three B. Five C. Six听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What is the woman doing ?A. Buying a car B. Learning to drive C. Having her car repaired9. Whats the matter with the car ?A. There isnt enough oil B. The engine breaks downC .There s something wrong with the battery.10.
5、Whats the lowest price of the car ?A. 46,000 yuan B. 48,000 yuan C. 50,000 yuan听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11 When will the man leave the hotel?A. On April 26 B. On April 27 C. On April 2912 What is available in the room?A. A. Fridge B. A computer C. A good view of the beach13 What does the man ask about in th
6、e end ?A. Price B. Breakfast C. Wireless network听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14 Whats the probable relationship between the speakers ?A. Colleagues B. Husband and wife C, Police and resident15 What did the animal do outside the door ?A. It ate the mans watermelon. B. It scratched the doorC .It attacked the man1
7、6 Where was the animal when the officers arrived ?A. On a fence B. Outside the door C. In the bathroom17 What has the man learned about the animal ?A. It mainly feels on fruit B. Its owner has a proper permitC I t lives on the mountains of South America.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18 What is the speaker mainl
8、y talking about ?A. Solving mental health problems.B .Preparing students for university.B. Choosing proper courses at university19 What are the teachers questions like ?A. Questions students think little aboutB. Questions students can answer easilyC. Questions students are interested in20 How do stu
9、dents feel about university life ?A. Excited and confident B. Excited but nervousC Nervous but confident第二部分 阅读 (共两节，满分50分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AA GuideTo use or protect all kinds of facilities in the library, follow the procedures given at the circulation desk.
10、Group Study Rooms（2F）Students and teaching staff can use these rooms for group study. Students are advised to use unlocked rooms（4 rooms for 2 people, 3 rooms for 4 people） available for free. When you use locked rooms（2 rooms for 4 people, 2 rooms for 10 people）, you need to go through reservation
11、procedures at the circulation desk. These rooms are available for group discussion.Individual Reading Rooms（1-3F）There are 4 single rooms available for use by teaching staff and visiting scholars. Each room is equipped with a computer together 1 printer and 6 scanners. Reservation of these rooms is
12、available for a period up to seven days on end.Meeting Rooms and Seminar Rooms（1-3F）Only teaching staff and graduate students can apply to use these rooms and reserve them one day in advance. The total number of seats is 40. They are available for workshops and small seminars.Computer Rooms（4F）These
13、 rooms are available for classes or seminars and so on. The total number of seats is 88. Only teaching staff can apply to use the computer rooms and reserve them one day in advance.1. How many locked rooms can students and teaching staff use?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. Seven2. If teachers want to print,
14、 they can go to _.A. an individual reading roomB. a computer roomC. a group study roomD. a seminar room3. Who can apply to use the computer rooms?A. Visiting scholarsB. TeachersC. Graduate studentsD. Teachers and students【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在使用图书馆时的规定。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Group Study Rooms
15、（2F）部分“When you use locked rooms（2 rooms for 4 people, 2 rooms for 10 people）, you need to go through reservation procedures at the circulation desk.”（当你使用上锁的房间(2间4人，2间10人)时，需要到借阅台办理预订手续）可知这种供老师和学生使用的上锁的房间共有4个。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Individual Reading Rooms（1-3F）部分“Each room is equipped with a computer t
16、ogether 1 printer and 6 scanners.”（每个房间配备一台电脑、一台打印机和6台扫描仪） 可知如果老师想要打印，他们可以去个人阅览室。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Computer Rooms（4F）部分“Only teaching staff can apply to use the computer rooms and reserve them one day in advance.”（只有教师才能申请使用机房，并提前一天预订）可知教师可申请使用机房。故选B。BA study has warned that seafood supplies from th
17、e worlds oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of
18、Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.Other studies have also warned about the dangers of
19、overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty, in, fifty years.Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems but others arc doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large
20、fishing industries also questioned the research.The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of d
21、ifferent kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the U
22、nited Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.Boris Worm says the findings are, in his words, “beyond anything we suspected.”But h
23、e also said the situation is not too late to core. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years.4. The two underlined words “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean .A. researchersB. fishermansC. sea foodsD. the oceans5. Which of t
24、he following is true according to the passage?A. All the scientists dont believe that all seafood species will disappearing very soonB. Most government officials disagree to the seafood-disappearing researchC. Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populationsD. Its too late to take
25、 any action to improve the situation.6. According to Boris Worm, .A. Some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populationsB. Overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood speciesC. things are getting worse though efforts can be madeD. some more species will come into being with
26、right measures7. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To call on people to protect the ocean environmentB. To introduce a study about the disappearing of sea foodsC. To report different opinions about the seafood researchD. To criticize the present fisheries management【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B【解
27、析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究警告说，到本世纪中叶，来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失，其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑，有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. 研究人员说，在目前捕捞的海产品中，近三分之一的野生种
28、群已经灭绝。所以研究表明，这意味着海产品的捕获量比最高水平下降了90%。根据上下文的语境判断出，their指的是“海产品的”。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty in fifty tears.不是所有的人都认为50年内海洋会枯竭。所以并不是所有的科学家都相信所有的海鲜物种都会很快消失。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and th
29、e effects on ocean environments. 其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对海洋环境的影响提出了警告。根据最后一段He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years. 如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。由此判断出，据鲍里斯沃姆说，过度捕捞是导致海产品物种灭绝的原因之一。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。一项研究警告说，到本世纪中叶，来自世界海洋的海产品供应可能几乎消失，其他研究也对过度捕捞的危险和对
30、海洋环境的影响提出了警告。但是也有人对研究提出了质疑，有些地区在保护鱼类种群方面做得很好。如果渔业管理得当，一些物种可以在3到10年内完全恢复。由此判断出，这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于海产品消失的研究。故选B项。CReady to give up long showers, water parks, and unlimited water gushing out of your taps? A new study says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people are faced with water shortage now
31、. The oceans are full, of course. But the liquidfresh, clean water for drinking and watering crops is in short supply in many parts of the world. Rivers are running low, lakes are shrinking, streams have stopped flowing, and groundwater is being pumped dry. However, the demand for water keeps increa
32、sing. So there comes unavoidably the water crisis!What is causing the crisis? Experts say it is a complex combination of climate change and rapid population growth. On the one hand, global climate change threatens to reduce water supplies due to decreased rainfall. On the other hand, population grow
33、th is driving explosive demand for water, prompting rivers in thirsty countries to be tapped for nearly every drop and driving governments to pump out so-called fossil water.Lack of water may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters are n
34、ot safe. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. And lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is b
35、ecause new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.One partial answer to the world water shortage, at least for countries near the sea, is to build more desalination plants that change seawater into fresh water. Another suggested solution is for water-rich countries, su
36、ch as Canada, to sell water to countries which are poor in water.8. Why does the author say the water crisis is unavoidable?A. Because the oceans are fullB. Because the rivers are running lowC. Because demand for water keeps decreasingD. Because many countries are competing9. According to the text,
37、_ may cause the water crisis.A. long showers and water parksB. climate change and population growthC. health problems and international conflictD. economy development and population growth10. Water shortage may result in the following problems EXCEPT_.A. health problemsB. international conflictC. th
38、e inability to improve economiesD. the illegal selling of water11. What is the authors suggestion to solve the water shortage problem?A. Change seawater into fresh waterB. Buy water from rich countriesC. Develop new industriesD. Plant more trees【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今全球面临的水资源短
39、缺问题，分析了造成水危机背后的原因以及会导致的问题，并提出了解决世界水资源短缺的方案。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rivers are running low, lakes are shrinking, streams have stopped flowing, and groundwater is being pumped dry. However, the demand for water keeps increasing. So there comes unavoidably the water crisis!(河流水位下降，湖泊萎缩，小溪停止流动，地下水被抽干。然而，对水的需
40、求却在不断增加。因此，水危机不可避免地出现了！)”可知，作者说水危机是不可避免的，是因为河水越来越少了。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“What is causing the crisis? Experts say it is a complex combination of climate change and rapid population growth.(是什么导致了这一危机？专家表示，这是气候变化和人口快速增长的复杂结合)”可知，气候变化和人口增长可能导致水危机。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It may increase health problem
41、s. Lack of water often means drinking waters are not safe. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict.(它可能会增加健康问题。缺水通常意味着饮用水不安全。缺水也可能导致更多的国际冲突)”以及“And lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies.(缺水会影响发展中国家改善经济的能力)”可知，缺水可能导致健康问题、国际冲突和没有能力改善经济，除了D
42、选项“非法卖水”。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“One partial answer to the world water shortage, at least for countries near the sea, is to build more desalination plants that change seawater into fresh water.(至少对那些靠海的国家来说，解决世界水资源短缺的一个部分办法是建造更多的海水淡化厂，将海水转化为淡水)”可知，作者对解决水资源短缺问题的建议是把海水变成淡水。故选A。DThis season, the bushf
43、ires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties (伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in
44、 South Wales alone.Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures
45、 in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australias fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday.Kevin Trenberth, a senior
46、scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that
47、 locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing w
48、eather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact th
49、e risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched (派遣).12. What are the numbers about in Paragraph 1?
50、A. The causes of Australian fires.B. The results of Australian fires.C. The damaged areas of Australian fires.D. The property destruction of Australian fires.13. Which of the following best explains “susceptible to” in the second paragraph?A. Very quickly to adapt to.B. Very seriously to focus on.C.
51、 Very easily to be protected against.D. Very likely to be influenced by.14. What can we infer from Trenberths research?A. Warmer ocean temperatures promote fires spreading.B. Longer dry weather contributes to global warming.C. The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising.D. Global warming i
52、s the root cause of the bushfires.15. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?A. To provide some advice about reducing damage.B. To show the methods for controlling burns.C. To predict the seriousness of Australian fires.D. To stress the effects of Australian fires.【答案】12. B 13. D 14
53、. D 15. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了澳大利亚森林大火的巨大破坏力，分析了大火产生并蔓延的各种原因（条件）。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据原文第一段“This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed.”（这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。）可知，其分别从过火面积、
54、人员伤亡和财产损失（房屋损毁）等三个维度描述森林大火的巨大破坏力，本段的数字是关于“森林大火产生的严重后果”的，故选B项。【13题详解】短语猜测题。由第二段“Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season(加
55、州大学伯克利分校地球分校能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了高火险季节的持续时间)”可推测，气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，more susceptible to的含义与“更易遭受，更容易受到影响”接近或相同，与D项“Very likely to be influenced by(很容易受的影响)”意思相近。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由第三段的He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increase
56、s the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾和火灾蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。)可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因，其逻辑链条是全球气候变暖导致干旱或延长干旱时间增加火灾风险，增加火灾蔓延风险。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。本题要求推断作者最后一段写作的目的意图，这一段中，气候专家
57、强调，气候变化不是野火严重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量。该段还提到“Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area.(诸如控制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响火灾对人和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。)同时，火灾管理资源分配方式改变的同时，改变这些政策有很大的潜力降低未来野火造成的损害（
58、has great potential to limit future damage）。综上可知，作者在最后一段想要提供一些关于减少火灾损失的建议（To provide some advice about reducing damage.）。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Universities are doing everything they can to become a green campus. But there are also items students can
59、do to make your campus more eco-friendly.1. Recycle everything, especially paper!There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through every term._16_We know that these things cant be avoided, but the way you handle the use of all the paper can really help create a better green campus.2. B
60、uy green._17_Paper, cleaning products and water are products that can be bought as recycled goods. Theyre slightly more expensive than the normal products, but its worth it to make a green campus.3. Walk and bike to school.Most campuses, especially those that are trying to become a more eco-friendly
61、 campus, have pretty good public transit (公共交通系统)._18_Walking or biking will help make your campus a green university.4._19_A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drunk in class or while riding a bike. This will save the environment by decreasing the amount of plastic
62、 waste on your campus.5. Buy used clothing.It is usually thought of as something to do to save money._20_Recycling clothes minimizes the use of resources to make clothing and puts a dent in the problem of worldwide sweatshops.A. Carry a water bottle.B. It is also good for the environment!C. Buy recy
63、cled goods as much as possible.D Paper made of this kind of wood is much stronger.E. On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrian (步行者) friendly.F. It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on.G. Universities call on all the students to learn to recycle all the waste
64、paper.【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，大学生可以做很多让大学成为一个绿色环保的地方，文章建议大学生节约纸张、尽量步行、使用水瓶以及购买旧衣服等。【16题详解】横线前一句“There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through every term.”告诉我们每学期大学生要使用很多纸张，划线句是对大学生用纸的介绍。F项“It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on.”符合上
65、下文语境，所以选择F项。【17题详解】本段的标题是“Buy green”，它建议人们购买绿色产品。本句内容必须是有绿色环保商品相关的内容，C项“Buy recycled goods as much as possible.”与本段的中心思想一致，所以选择C项。【18题详解】横线后一句“Walking or biking will help make your campus a green university.”告诉我们步行和骑自行车会让校园更加环保，建议大学生更多步行。E项“On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrian (步行者
66、) friendly.”与后句一致，所以选择E项。【19题详解】横线后一句“A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drunk in class or while riding a bike.”说明了使用水瓶的好处，建议人们自己携带水瓶，以免产生额外的塑料瓶等垃圾废料。A项“Carry a water bottle”与本段中心思想一致，所以选择A项。【20题详解】本段的标题及第一句“It is usually thought of as something to do to save mone
67、y.”建议人们购买二手服装，并说明了旧衣服能够省钱并且环保。B项“It is also good for the environment!”与中心思想及前句相符。故B项正确。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be_2
68、1_to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, _22_, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can_23_help to make things better.One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥
69、) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious_24_, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments i
70、n which plots of land have been burned_25_, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by cont
71、rast, was actively_26_fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular_27_of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also
72、seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to_28_from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they_29_the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what w
73、ould happen. To their_30_, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost_31_during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zon
74、e re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were_32_re-grew only 72%.The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that
75、is known to damage trees and is supposed to_33_tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees wounds by killing ants that might_34_colonize and damage t
76、hem. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually_35_to sick ones.21. A. difficultB. reasonableC. necessaryD. awful22. A. howeverB. thereforeC. furthermoreD. somehow23. A. uniquelyB. barelyC. actuallyD. mer
77、ely24. A. phenomenonB. evidenceC. imaginationD. assumption25. A. equallyB. regularlyC. severelyD. purposely26. A. burnt withB. protected fromC. covered byD. exposed to27. A. participantsB. partnersC. victimsD. friends28. A. markB. removeC. hitD. measure29. A. regulatedB. checkedC. healedD. monitored
78、30. A. disappointmentB. surpriseC. joyD. relief31. A. vitalityB. heightC. barkD. strength32. A. controlledB. preventedC. startedD. boosted33. A. disturbB. promoteC. impactD. quicken34. A. thereforeB. neverthelessC. thenD. otherwise35. A. beneficialB. unbelievableC. effectiveD. cruel【答案】21. B 22. A 2
79、3. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了维格利博士通过实验发现丛林大火实际上对被大象破坏的树木是有益的。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而丛林大火也经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由认为两者的结合会使情况更糟。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的、有理由的；C. necessary必要的；D. awful可怕的。大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而灌木丛大火也经常会导致树木死
80、亡，所以我们有理由认为两者的结合会使生态变得更糟，故B项正确。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，与这个假设相反，正如本杰明维格利最近发表的研究所显示的，如果一棵树已经被损坏，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. furthermore此外；D. somehow不知何故。空前的“Contrary to this assumption”表明接下来介绍的情况与前面的假设相反，此处表示转折，故A项正确。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uniquely独特地；B. barely勉强；C. actually实际上；D. mere
81、ly仅仅。根据空前的“Contrary to this assumption”可知，与这个假设相反，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况，故C项正确。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：维格利博士确实是从一个显而易见的假设出发的，他开始着手研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重。A. phenomenon现象；B. evidence证据； C. imagination想象；D. assumption假设。空后说为了达到这个目的，他在克鲁格国家公园设立了一个研究中心，自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地，由此可知，维格利博士的研究是从一个假设出发的，故
82、D项正确。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地。A. equally平等地；B. regularly定期地、有规律地；C. severely严重地；D. purposely故意地。为了研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重，实验中自然需要定期焚烧土地，故B项正确。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护。A. burnt with为所煎熬；B. protected from使免受；C. covered by被覆盖；D. exposed to暴露于。空前说在这些实验中，维
83、格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，这两个区域的树木都是被烧的，而且下文说取下树皮之后，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，由此可知，为了做比较，第三个区域的树木应该是防止被烧，最后一段中的fire-prevention也是提示，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他选马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特别受害者。A. participants参与者；B. partners搭档；C. victims受害者；D. friends朋友。根据空后的“But elephants also seem to enj
84、oy eating their bark.”可知，但大象似乎也喜欢吃它们的树皮，因此马鲁拉树是大象活动的特别受害者，故C项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域都找到20个马鲁拉树，并使用特殊工具从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮。A. mark标志；B. remove去除；C. hit打击；D. measure测量。根据下文中的“wounds”可知，他们取下了一块树皮，故B项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在造成了这种伤害之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么。A. regulated调节；B. checked
85、检查；C. healed治愈；D. monitored监控。根据空后的“to see what would happen”可知，他们对伤口进行了监测以观察会发生什么，故D项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy欢乐； D. relief减轻。空后说火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，这一点是令他们非常惊讶的，故B项正确。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. vitality活力；B. heigh
86、t高度；C. bark树皮；D. strength力量。上文说他们从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮，因此此处指他们观察树皮的再生情况，故C项正确。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。A. controlled控制；B. prevented防止；C. started开始；D. boosted促进。上文说维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则受到了积极的防火保护，因
87、此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，故B项正确。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁是一种已知会破坏树木的物种，被认为会干扰组织愈合。A. disturb打扰、干扰；B. promote提升；C. impact产生影响；D. quicken加快。空前说蚂蚁会破坏树木，因此它们会干扰组织愈合，故A项正确。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，看起来好像丛林大火是通过杀死蚂蚁来治疗树木的伤口，否则蚂蚁可能会在那里安家和破坏树木。A. therefore因此；B. nevertheless不过；C. then那么；D. otherwise否则。大火烧死了会破坏树木的蚂蚁，否则它们将在
88、树的伤口处安家和破坏树木，故D项正确。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在一个由负变正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对受伤的树木是有益的。A. beneficial有益的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. effective有效的；D. cruel残忍的。上文说在防火区的20棵树中，有一半在伤口处出现了蚂蚁窝，而在火灾区受伤的树木的伤口处很少出现蚂蚁窝，这表明火灾对受伤的树木是有益的，故A项正确。【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大，抓住上文对维格利博士实验中的三个区域的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different
89、zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively_6_fire.”可知，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护， 因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，说的是在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活
90、在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Have you ever _36_ (imagine)what the world looks like through the eyes of a bee? You can try it out with the MicaToolboxThe MicaToolbox is a free plugin(插件) _37_ (build)by scientists at the University o
91、f Exeter in Britain. Together with Image J, a popular piece of software for _38_ (science)pictures, it can turn many image into animal vision. This means people can check out the pictures _39_ appear in the brains of animals such as insects, birds, and fish.The way we see our world depends on how ou
92、r eyes deal _40_ light. Human eyes have three types of photoreceptors(感光细胞)，and this makes us see _41_ colors of red, green, and blue. Animals, _42_ , might see it _43_ (different). A cats vision is similar to a human who is color blind, while bees can see ultraviolet(紫外线)light, easily finding patte
93、rns on flowers that show them the way to honey.As of now, the MicaToolbox has already been used in many research projects, _44_ (look)at, for example, how animals hide _45_ (they). You can download the software from researcher Jolyon Trosciankos website http: / www. jolyon. co. ukmyresearchimageanal
94、ysisimageanalusistools.【答案】36. imagined 37. built 38. scientific 39. that/which 40. with 41. the 42. however 43. differently 44. looking 45. themselves【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种软件 the MicaToolbox，该软件是英国埃克塞特大学（University of Exeter）的科学家们制作的免费插件，通过它，我们可以看到动物大脑中出现的图片。36题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：你是否曾经想象过蜜蜂的眼中这个世界是什么样子的？分析
95、可知，此处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和上文的have可知此处为现在完成时，故应用所给词的过去分词形式。故填imagined。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词 。句意：MicaToolbox是个由英国埃克塞特大学的科学家建设的免费的插件。分析可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，逻辑主语plugin和build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填built。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：与想象J号一个科学图片的软件一起，它能把图像转化成动物的视觉。分析可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词pictures，scientific“科学的”符合语境。故填scientific。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：
96、这就意味着人们可以查看动物大脑中出现的图片，如昆虫、鸟类和鱼类。分析可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词the pictures在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which/that。故用which/that。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：我们看我们世界的方式取决于我们的眼睛如何处理光线。此处为固定短语deal with“处理”。故填with。【41题详解】考查冠词。句意：人类的眼睛有三种感光细胞，这使得我们能看见红色、绿色和蓝色。根据句意可知，此处特指红、绿、蓝三种颜色，应用定冠词。故填the。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，动物可能会看到的会不一样。结合上下文可知，此处表转折，且位于
97、两个逗号之间，应用副词however。故填however。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，动物可能会看到的会不一样。分析可知，此处应用副词differently用来修饰动词see。故填differently。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词 。句意：现在，MicaToolbox已经被用于很多的科学研究项目，比如看动物是如何掩藏自己的。分析可知，此处应用现在分词作状语，逻辑主语the MicaToolbox和look之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填looking。【45题详解】考查代词。句意：现在，MicaToolbox已经被用于很多的科学研究项目，比如看动物是如何掩藏自己的。分析可知，空处指
98、代主语animals，当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词。故填themselves。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46. 假定你是红星中学高三学生李华，得知某国外语言培训机构在全球招聘在线中文辅导教师。请你写一封信表达授课意愿，并就以下问题提出咨询：1. 上课时间；2. 上课报酬。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,Im writing to apply for the position of part-time Chinese teacher advertised on the Interne
99、t. I am very much interested in the job and I think Im fully qualified for it.First of all, the timetable is of the greatest concern to me. If only it were scheduled at weekends! Besides, nothing could be better if you offer me some information about the pay.I would appreciate it if it is convenient
100、 for you to provide me with the relevant information.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给语言培训机构写封邮件，表达授课意愿，同时咨询上课时间和报酬。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。结构：并列法是从若干方面入笔，不分主次、并列平行地叙述事件、说明事物。1.表达意愿；2.咨询上课时间；3.咨询上课报酬。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）apply for; be interested in; be qual
101、ified for; be convenient for to do; providewith第三步：连词成句1.Im writing to apply for the position of part-time Chinese teacher advertised on the Internet. 2.I am very much interested in the job and I think Im fully qualified for it.3.I would appreciate it if it is convenient for you to provide me with t
102、he relevant information.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all2.表并列补充关系：Besides3.表转折对比关系：However, but（供参考）4.表因果关系：As a result, so（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1Im writing to apply for the position of part-time Chinese teacher advertised on the Internet.
103、(过去分词作定语)高分句型2 If only it were scheduled at weekends!(虚拟语气)高分句型3I would appreciate it if it is convenient for you to provide me with the relevant information.(if引导的条件状语从句)第二节（满分25分）47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Once there was a ship travelling on the tough sea and on the ship there was a
104、 pair of couple. All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay. After reaching there, they realized that there was space only for one person. At that very moment, the husband pushed his wife behind him and jumped onto the lifebo
105、at himself, leaving his wife standing on the sinking ship, shouting something desperately to her husband eyes filled with tears.”The teacher stopped her story-telling and asked her students, “Guys, guess what it was that she shouted.”Most students answered. “I hate you!”After listening to all this r
106、eply, the teacher glanced through the whole class again and noticed that there was a boy sitting silently throughout. Then she asked him the same question.The boy answered, “I believe she would have shouted-Take care of our child.”Listening to his remarks, the teacher was surprised and asked the boy
107、 doubtfully. “Have you heard of this story before?”Shaking his head, the boy said softly and sadly, “No, I havent. But thats what my mother said to my father before she died of a deadly disease.”Moved and feeling sad, the teacher replied. “Your answer is absolutely right!”Then she continued, “Lets t
108、ake up the story. The ship sank eventually and the husband went home and brought up their daughter alone. Many years later after the death of the man, their daughter was tidying up all his belongings when she found his diary. In his diary she found that when her parents were on the ship, her mother
109、had already been diagnosed (诊断) with advanced illness and at the critical moment, the father rushed to the only chance of survival.”注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。In his diary, the man mentioned he wished to sink to the ocean with his wife but for their daughter he had to live. _The story wa
110、s finished and the class was silent._【答案】One possible version:In his diary, the man mentioned he wished to sink to the ocean with his wife but for their daughter he had to live. Without him, their baby daughter would become an orphan. After drowning himself in sorrow for a short time, he uplifted hi
111、mself and learned how to raise baby. Whenever faced with hardships, he would inspire himself with his wife words“Take care of our child.” Seeing the little girl grow into a sunny, pretty girl with double love from both parents, the man knew he made it to keep his promise.The story was finished and t
112、he class was silent. Nobody talked or laughed as usual. Instead, it seemed that every student was lost in deep thought, tasting the moving life story. The teacher was sure that the students were reflecting on their replies and that they had understood the moral of the story. Of the Good and Evil in
113、this world, there are hidden secrets behind them. So we should not really focus on the surface and judge anyone without understanding them first. Put yourself in others shoes and then you can really understand their behavior.【解析】【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了老师在课堂上给学生们讲了一个故事：故事的大致内容是一对夫妇在海上遇到事故，但
114、是救生艇只能容纳一个人，最后，丈夫推着身后的妻子，自己跳上了救生艇，留下妻子站在正在下沉的船上，绝望地对着丈夫喊着什么。老师让学生猜想妻子说了什么，大多数学生的回答是“我恨你！”，但是一位学生却回答说妻子让丈夫照顾好孩子。老师继续说故事，多年以后，他们的女儿在整理遗物时发现了父亲的日记，原来母亲已经被诊断出病情严重，在关键时刻，父亲冲向了唯一的生存机会。【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：在他的日记中，他提到他希望和妻子一起沉入大海，但为了他们的女儿，他必须活下去。接下来可以写没有他，他们的宝贝女儿会变成孤儿。在短暂的悲伤之后，他提升了自己，学会了如何抚养孩子。每当遇到困难时，他都会用妻子
115、的话激励自己“照顾好我们的孩子。”看着小女孩成长为一个阳光明媚、漂亮可爱、受到父母双爱的女孩，这个男人知道他这样做是为了履行自己的诺言。第二段的开头是：故事讲完了，全班安静下来。接下来可以写没有人像往常一样说话或大笑。相反，每个学生似乎都陷入了沉思，品味着动人的人生故事。老师确信学生们正在反思他们的回答，并且他们已经理解了这个故事的寓意。这个世界上的善与恶，背后都隐藏着秘密。所以我们不应该只关注表面，在不了解任何人之前就对他们进行评判。设身处地为别人着想，你就能真正理解他们的行为。【点睛】续写内容得当，使用了固定短语和高分句型。如：be faced with；take care of；make
116、 it；keep ones promise；reflect on；focus on；put oneself in others shoes等固定短语。Seeing the little girl grow into a sunny, pretty girl with double love from both parents, the man knew he made it to keep his promise.中使用了现在分词seeing作状语；The teacher was sure that the students were reflecting on their replies and that they had understood the moral of the story.中that引导的是宾语从句。
