1、2011高考语法教案：陈述句高考考点点击就事物依照其实在情形陈述的句子叫做陈述句。陈述句的句末必须使用句号以示句子的陈述结束。为了使同学们更好的掌握这一句法，在这里，我们结合最新高考试题对陈述句的考查形式，从以下两个方面进行分析：一、陈述句的否定形式陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句，简称为肯定句和否定句。含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative Sentence)，不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句。 例如：Mr. Walker is an Englishman. (华克先生是英国人。肯定句) He is not an American. (他不是美国人。否定句) 否定陈述句的表达方式基本上
2、有下面的三种。1）全否定：用not, no, never, neither, none, nothing等否定。表示“完全不是，完全不”的意思。例如：He is not a worker.Nothing is wrong with me.2）半否定句：在句子里用否定词hardly, scarcely, little, few, seldom, rarely等。例如：I hardly see anything in the room.=I can see little in the room. 注意：“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是，有的不是”例如：A
3、ll of them are not students.=Some of them are students, some are not.3）宾语从句的否定形式：用在think, believe, suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。例如：I dont think hell come.=He will not come in fact, I think.【考例再现1】Of all the books on the desk,_is of any use for our study.A. nothing B. no oneC. neitherD. none 解析：答案为D。“none”表示
4、在一定范围内什么也没有，此处用none恰好合适，而不能用nothing，故选D项。【考例再现2】Which driver was to blame?Why, ！It was the childs fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars. A. both B. each C. either D. neither 解析：答案为D。根据He suddenly came out between two parked cars可判断出两个司机都不应受责备。二、陈述句的词序问题肯定句：基本结构为主+谓或主语
5、系动词表语，但是在某些情况下主语和谓语可以倒装：1）如果虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were，had或 should ，可以把if省略掉，而将这三个词放于条件句主语前，构成倒装。【考例再现1】_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be解析：本题有一定的难度，是对虚拟语气倒装现象的考查。在if引导的非真实条件中，如果从句中含有助动词、情态动词、be或have，我
6、们可以把连词if 省去，并将should，were， had等词提到主语之前，构成倒装。故本题的答案为B。2）表示方位的副词或介词短语位于句首时，句子要全部倒装。副词有out, in, up, down,away, off, here, there, now等；大部分介词短语位于句首，都有此种用法；这时句子的谓语动词往往是be, lie, come, walk, go, stand, lie等词。当表示地点的介词短语放句首时，注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动。【考例再现2】In the dark streets_, some large e
7、nough to hold several English towns. A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 解析：本题答案为B。因为表示方位的介词in 位于句首，所以本句首先要倒装，排除C、D项。其次湖泊用lie比stand 表示“位于”更贴切，排除A项，故答案为B。3）对含有否定意义，半否定意义的副词或介词短语等放在句首时。这一类常见的副词有：hardly，scarcely，never，not，not only，not until，seldom，little，few，no longer，at no time，by no means，nowhere，in no case等。 【考例再现3】Never before _ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (A. has the city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this was city 解析：此题是一倒装结构句子。“Never before”否定意义的词放于句首，应该用部分倒装。而且，before 要与完成时连用。因此，正确答案是A。