1、第3讲名词性从句考点1主语从句1. 主语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether, if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where，how, why在从句中作状语Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。Where Professor Han was born is know
2、n to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。2. 形式主语it作形式主语的常见句型：(1)Itbe形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)that从句(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)that从句(3)Itbe过去分词(said/told/reported等)that从句(4)It不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)that从句It is uncertain
3、 what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether
4、。考点2宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether, if只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when, where, how, why在从句中作状语(2020浙江卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on what could be hunted orgathered from the wild, and more on animals they had
5、raised and crops they had sown.在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对野外狩猎猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。2. 形式宾语宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后
6、置。(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/makeit宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/从句(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoyit从句(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely onit从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that从句No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩早餐前散步。I shall see to it t
7、hat he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。3. 宾语从句的时态一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。考点3表语从句1. 表语从句的引导词引导词作用连接词that, whether只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分连接代词what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连
8、接副词when, where, how, why在从句中作状语The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。2. as if/as though引导表语从句as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如
9、seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。3. 其他常考的表语从句(1)This/That/It is why表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是的原因”(2)This/That/I
10、t is because表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为”(3)The reason why. is that表语从句“的原因是” 考点4同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见的引导同位语从句的名词：advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。The fact tha
11、t you are wrong cant be changed by you or me.你错了这个事实，是你我不能改变的。that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语，that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。考点5重点辨析1. that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系
12、代词”，即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。I will do what I can (do) to help him.我将尽我所能帮助他。2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。试比较：The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true. (同位语从句)The notice wa
13、s that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true. (定语从句)3. whether与if引导的名词性从句(1)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，且前面需用it作形式主语。Whether it is true remains a question.这是否是真的依然是个问题。It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.他是否会来参加会议还不清楚。(2)whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数
14、情况下可以互换，后面直接跟or not时用whether，用于介词后引导宾语从句时也用whether。We dont know whether or not she was ready.我们不知道她是否准备好了。Im interested in whether youve finished the work.我对你是否完成了这项工作感兴趣。(3)whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不可以。The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是它是否值得去做。The question whether the work was worth doin
15、g has not been decided.这项工作是否值得去做的问题还没有确定。. 单句语法填空1. (2020天津市河西区英语高三二模)It is by no means clear what the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality.2. (2020江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)The designers are over the moon. Whats up?Theyve reached an agreement on how the bonuses are to be divided later.3
16、. (2020江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练)The setting of the film Zootopia may be limited in the city full of kinds of animals, but what it exposes about human nature is quite broad.4. (2020济南外国语学校模拟)Its so important that you need to get a certain amount of water each day. 5. (2020辽宁八校联考)This is what my father has
17、taught me to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 6. (2020江苏南通模拟)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. 7. (2020江苏徐州一中模拟)Taking a boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.8. (2020山西康杰中学模拟)Success partially depends on whether yo
18、u have the patience to do simple things perfectly. 9. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats where I was born.”10. It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world.11. As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are busy making other
19、plans.12. It is often the case that anything is possible to those who hang on to hope.13. Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 语篇语法填空(2020甘肃兰州一中期中考试)Believe it or not, have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after
20、 you eat bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects 1. _ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching 2. _ (it) effects on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our fe
21、elings with what we eat.Although our moods relate 3. _ having various foods, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasion. If that 4. _ (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before races.Another chemical 5. _ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which
22、 6. _ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea. It is perhaps 7. _ worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed.Of course, 8. _ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact on our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happine
23、ss.Most 9. _ (important), though, remember the following old rule: Try to eat different foods, 10. _ not too much.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尽量吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。1. how考查名词性从句。设空处引导宾语从句，由we feel可知，后面的宾语从句不缺少成分。结合语境可以判断，引导词在从句中作方式状语，应用how 引导该从句。故填how。2. its考查词形变化。此处修饰名词effects，应用形容词性物主代词，故填it
24、s。3. to考查固定搭配。relate to.为固定短语，意为“和有关”。故填to。4. were考查特殊句式。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before races”可知，此处为虚拟条件句，表示对现在情况的虚拟。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，if从句的谓语要用一般过去时，be动词应用were。故填were。5. connected考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，主句的主语是Another chemical，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰chemical；且chemical和动词connect之间为逻辑上的动宾关
25、系，应用过去分词形式。故填connected。6. is found考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，引导词在从句中作主语，且与find之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；且此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。故填 is found。7. the考查冠词。形容词最高级前要用定冠词 the，根据设空处后的形容词最高级worst可知，此处应填the。8. enjoying/to enjoy考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作主语，应用动名词或动词不定式，故填enjoying 或to enjoy。9. importantly考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，应用副词。故填importantly。10. but/yet考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示转折，故填but或yet。