1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家直接引语与间接引语面面观（一） 在英语语言交际中，引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，在书面语中经常将其放在引号中。间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，无需加引号，在多数情况下间接引语可以构成宾语从句。接下来我们认识一下直接引语与间接引语： 1. Mrs Smith said, “I am going to New York tomorrow.” （引号中的内容为直接引语） 2. Mrs Smith said that she was going to New York the next day. （划线部分为间接引语） 细心
2、的同学可能已经发现句1中的直接引语在变成句2中的间接引语时某些成分已经发生了变化，如: I变成了she, am变成了was, tomorrow则变成了the next day。在日常交际中，当我们需要在这两种引语之间转换时，究竟有什么规律可循呢？ 首先，如果直接引语为陈述句、疑问句，变为间接引语时，就成为一个宾语从句，所以自然要符合宾语从句的语法要求。从句的一些共性特点是：一、陈述语序；二、恰当的连接词；三、时态要求。除此之外，直接引语变为间接引语仍有一些具体的语法要求，以下结合实例逐一解析。 一、人称的变化 将直接引语变为间接引语时，一定要注意人称的变化，否则会使整个句子意思混乱。观察下列几
3、组句子中人称的变化，注意其变化规律。1. She said, “My friends want to visit me.” She said her friends wanted to visit her.2. He said to Kate, “How is your work now?” He asked Kate how her work was then.3. Tom said, “Youd better carry an umbrella just in case, Mary.” Tom said that Mary had better carry an umbrella just
4、 in case.4. Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.” Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.【自我归纳】 人称变化须牢记：从一随主，从二随宾，从三人称不更新。 “从一随主”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称时，从句中的人称变化要随主句中 _的人称变化，如第1组例句。 “从二随宾”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第二人称时，从句中的人称变化要与主句中的_一致，如第2组例句；如果主句没有宾语，则需观察主句主语的交际对象，如第3组例句，此句中Tom的说话对象为_, 故间接引语中的主语变化为Mary。 “从三人称不更新”是
5、指如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称时，从句中的人称一般_，如第4组例句。 二、时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化。具体变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时【即学即练】 根据以上原则完成下列句子。1. She said, “I have lost my bike.” She said she _ her bike.2. She said, “We hope so.” She said they _ so.3. He said, “She will
6、 go to see her friend.” He said she _ to see her friend. 注意：在以下几种情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变化。 1. 直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时。如：The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Mother said, “John, what were you doin
7、g at 8 oclock last night?” Mother asked John what he was doing at 8 oclock the night before. 3. 如果直接引语中的情态动词无过去式（如：ought to, had better, used to）或已经是过去式（如：could, should, would, might）时，则不再变化。如： He said, “You should come here earlier tomorrow.” He said I should go there earlier the next day. 4. 如一般过去
8、时有表示具体时间的状语，也可以不变。如：She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995. 三、状语及其他成分的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，时间状语和地点状语也要做相应的变化。如: now then；today that day; tonight that night；yesterday the day before；tomorrow the next day；last month the month before等；地点状语here there；指示代词this that, these those；动词
9、come go, bring take等。 注意：以上这些变化要视情况而定，不能死搬教条，如果转述就在当天当地则不需要进行时间及地点的转换。 四、句型的变化 观察下列几组句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换中句型的变化规律，并试着总结归纳。1. She said, “Our train will leave in several minutes.” She said that their train would leave in several minutes.2. He said, “Can you dance, Ted?” He asked Ted whether / if he could d
10、ance.3. “You have tidied your room, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had tidied my room.4. She asked me, “When will you start?” She asked me when I would start.【自我归纳】1. 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由_（可省略）引导的宾语从句。2. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由_引导的宾语从句。 3. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应改为由原来的疑问词引导
11、的宾语从句。【即学即练】 阅读下列几组直接引语变为间接引语的句子，判断其正（T）误（F）并改正其中的错误。1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said the mother. The mother asked Jenny what she had done the day before. 2. The little kid said, “How can I get that toy?” The little kid asked how could he get that toy.3. He said, “The Olympic Games are held every four years.” He said that the Olympic Games were held every four years.Key:一、 【自我归纳】 主语；宾语；Mary；不需要变化二、 【即学即练】 1. had lost 2. hoped 3. would go四、 【自我归纳】 1. that 2. whether / if 【即学即练】 1. T。2. F。how could he改为how he could 3. F。were改为are4 版权所有高考资源网