1、Unit 4核心素养了解自然, 保护自然, 有效预防自然灾害并改造利用自然高考链接2018天津高考A; 2017全国卷D. 话题与高考阅读理解 (2018天津高考A)Fire Prevention InformationThe University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems, fire alarms, and
2、fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs on fire safety in the residence halls. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. Fire AlarmsThe floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的)fire
3、 alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄)these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment. F
4、ire DrillsA fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following: Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit, do not use a lift. Meet outside of your residence hall and
5、wait for further instructions. Fire ExtinguishersFire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damag
6、e to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. Smoke DetectorsA smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector: If your smoke detector is working
7、 properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking(闪动), contact residence hall staff immediately. Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way. If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff. 【文章大意】本文属于应用文。文章通过介绍防火信息、火警、消防演习、灭
8、火器的使用、火灾探测器几个方面告诉大学生注意校园生活中防火、灭火、逃生等方面的知识。1. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals? A. To provide part-time jobs for students. B. To lead the students to the nearest exits. C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment. D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professiona
9、ls. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段第二句“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers. ”可知, 专业防火人员的职责是检查校园建筑并负责测试和维护灭火设备。2. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include? A. Pipes and smoke detectors. B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers. C. Fire
10、 alarm pull stations and pipes. D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段第二句中的“automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers”可知, 自动火警报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷水灭火装置组成。3. In a fire drill, the students should_. A. rush quickly to a liftB. gather a
11、t the nearest exitC. shut the door and leave at onceD. wait for instructions in the hall【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room. ”可知答案。4. What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers? A. Using them wrongly results in punishment. B. Irresponsible use
12、 of them can damage them. C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment. D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines. ”可知, 滥用灭火器会招致罚款。5. To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_. A. contact
13、the hall staff regularlyB. cover the things that burn easilyC. start the smoke detector in a fireD. make sure the red light is working【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第五段中三点提示中的第一点可知, 当烟雾探测器不能正常工作的时候, 红灯是不闪动的, 你应该通知宿舍工作人员以保障系统的正常运行。 关注语义转换巧解细节理解题命题特点: 选项中往往使用与原文近义、反义或同范畴的词语表达, 利用同义变换、句式转换、概念解析、归纳事实、正话反说等方式体现。答题关键: 正确理
14、解文章中的短语或句子, 在选项中找到与之意义相等、相似或相反的词语或句子。以第4题为例, 解题策略如下: Step 1根据题干定位信息点: Fire ExtinguishersStep 2确定选项中关键词与文中关键词的关联: A选项中的results in punishment 与文中的results in finesStep 3尝试解答: A。话题词汇fire prevention; fire alarms; fire extinguishers; fire safety; exits; fire alarm pull stations; heat detectors; Fire Drill
15、s 短语句式be equipped with配有, 装有; only if 只要就, 只是在的时候; result in 导致; set off 发出熟词新义locate vi. 定位; vt. 查找的地点(新)fine adj. 好的; n. &v. 罚款(新)语法填空A full-time staff of fire prevention 1. _ (professional) are employed by the University of Adelaide. They inspect all campus buildings and test all the fire units 2
16、. _ (make) sure they are in good condition. They also teach the students how to maintain and use the fire units 3. _ case a fire happens. There are two kinds of fire alarm systems: manual and automatic. For the 4. _ (safe) of everyone, these systems shouldnt 5. _ (touch) casually. False fire alarms
17、are 6. _ (legal) and may lead to imprisonment. Fire drills must be treated 7. _ (serious) and all students must know how to escape a fire safely and quickly. Another common device is fire extinguishers, 8. _ are located on each floor and in each apartment. They must be used correctly 9. _ else will
18、result in damage to others. Smoke detectors and heat detectors, 10. _ (fix) on the ceilings, are also familiar to us. Students must watch out for the red light on each of them and inform the hall staff if the red light is out. 1. 【解析】professionals。考查名词复数。根据前面的staff可知, 这些专业防火人员不止一个。professional用作名词时表
19、示“专业人士”, 且为可数名词, 故用复数。2. 【解析】to make。考查不定式。表示动作inspect发生的目的, 故用动词不定式。3. 【解析】in。考查介词。“in case+从句”(万一, 在情况下)为固定搭配。4. 【解析】safety。考查词性转换。根据空格前的the可知, 此处要名词形式。5. 【解析】be touched。考查被动语态。主语systems与touch之间为被动关系, 且空前有情态动词, 故填 be touched。6. 【解析】illegal。考查形容词。根据逻辑关系以及后面的imprisonment可知, 误报火警是“违法的”。7. 【解析】serious
20、ly。考查词性转换。根据句子结构, 此处应为副词作状语, 修饰treat。8. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。根据句子结构, 此处为非限制性定语从句。9. 【解析】or。考查连词。or else(否则)为固定搭配。10. 【解析】fixed。考查过去分词。根据句子结构, 此处为过去分词短语作后置定语。. 话题与高考写作假定你是中学生李华, 某地发生大地震, 受灾严重。请你代表学校用英语写一封慰问信, 表示关怀和慰问。要点如下: 1. 简要描述灾区的情况; 2. 表示关怀和慰问; 3. 表达灾后重建家园的信心。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; 3. 尽量
21、使用本单元学过的词汇和短语。Step 1要点写作 根据汉语提示补全句子我写信是为了表达我对你们不幸遭遇的极度悲痛。Im writing to express my extreme sadness about your misfortune. 听说你们所在的地区发生100年来最大的地震, 我感到非常震惊。这次地震是上百年来最大的灾难。I was shocked at the news about the earthquake in your area. This earthquake is the greatest disaster in the last one hundred years.
22、很多人被困在废墟里, 多于五百万人无家可归。 So many people were trapped in the ruins and more than 5 million became homeless. 许多房屋被毁, 情况极其严重。 Many blocks and houses were destroyed, and the situation was extremely serious. 我们无法阻止灾害, 但必须面对灾害。We cant stop the disasters and we have to face up to them. 希望你们有信心重建家园, 全国人民会给予帮助
23、的。I hope that you have the confidence to rebuild your homes. The whole country is sure to offer as much help. 只有我们坚持不懈, 我们才能战胜自然灾难害。Only if we have the perseverance can we defeat the natural disaster. Step 2句式升级将句改写成含有同位语从句的句子I was shocked at the news that the greatest earthquake in the last one hun
24、dred years happened in your area. 将句改写成含有状语从句的句子I hope that you have the confidence to rebuild your homes because the whole country is sure to offer as much help. Step 3组句成篇 运用关联词串连以上句子。_【参考范文】Dear victims, Im writing to express my extreme sadness about your misfortune. A week ago, I was shocked at
25、the news that the greatest earthquake in the last one hundred years happened in your area. So many people were trapped in the ruins and more than 5 million became homeless. Many blocks and houses were destroyed, and the situation was extremely serious. But dont be too sad. We cant stop the disasters and we have to face up to them. I hope that you have the confidence to rebuild your homes because the whole country is sure to offer as much help. Only if we have the perseverance can we defeat the natural disaster. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua关闭Word文档返回原板块
