1、辽宁营口市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（11）及答案专题*推理判断一、题型特点与解题技巧这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义
2、改写(paraphrase)或综合。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。常见的题干有：1) It can be inferred from the text that.2) We can conclude that.3) When the writer talks about., what he really means is that.4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。1
3、) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。 注意点：1.如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。 Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a di
4、fferent statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. A. every glance has its significance B. staring at a person is an expression of interest C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable D. a glance conveys more meaning th
5、an words 2. 选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。 I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the communi
6、ty, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.It can be inferred form the Passage that_. A. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity B. American political circles will not accept
7、 diversity C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U.S media D. Diversity can result in better management. 3.合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。The illegal killing of rhinos(犀牛) for their horns is increasing in Africa and Asia. Rhinoceros poachers(偷猎者)are killing an estimated
8、 two to three of the rare animals each week.The estimate for Zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. The situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. In the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges outo f forty-one arrested. Not all the
9、news is bad, however, Rhino populations are increasing in some areas. These include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in Africa. Wildlife activities are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching. We can infer from the passage that _. A. the protection of rhino in Zimbabwe on
10、ce got improved in the 1990s B. only wildlife activists are responsible for the protection of rhinos C. the number of the rhinos is getting bigger in some areas. D. illegal hunting of rhinos can only be forbidden when governments act Whats the tone of the passage? A. Negative B. Objective C. Worried
11、 D. Positive 4.弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。 You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involv
12、ed with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human be
13、ings. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans
14、 we know; also, the most rare. In this paragraph, the author tells us that_. A. difficulties are but part of everyones life B. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life C. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances D. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence *结
15、束 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Im 30 years old, and there are several things that life has taught me that I want to share with you. Here are the 4 lessons that life has taught me in the past 30 years.1. Take Care of Your BodyLife is “unfairly” biased(偏向的) towards pe
16、ople who “look good,” like it or not. So its important that you do all that is in your power to look your best. 71 You will live longer, and you will live happier, if you take care of your body; you may even get promoted faster on your job. Remember that your health is really your greatest wealth. 2
17、. 72 No one taught me to save when I was growing up; no one told me the importance of saving. Fortunately I was able to learn the value of saving through reading great books like “The Millionaire Next Door”. What I want to teach others is to save at least twenty percent of your income. If you are to
18、 be wealthy, you must not just earn a lot, you must save a lot.3. Think long-term. In high school I was thinking about college, in college I was thinking about life after college. Im designing my life and Im making decisions today that will enable me to live the life I desire when Im in my 40s, 50s
19、and 60s. You have to think long-term; you have to see the “big picture.” 73 4. Realize the Power of FocusFocus, focus, focus 74 If you fail in this lifetime, you will fail because of broken focus. If you focus on the goals that are most important to you, you will achieve them. The problem is that th
20、ere are so many distractions. 75 Winners decide to major on majors, and they even let important things slip, because they just focus on achieving what is critical to their goals.A. The importance of saving. B. If you plan your future properly, you will live into your plans.C. Save Your Money.D. Noth
21、ing is more critical than focus.E. What separates the winners from the losers is that the winners learn to focus on their goal.F. I mean dressing nicely, working out and eating right.G. Its critical that you pursue relationships with individuals who are good first.【答案】*结束任务型阅读阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意
22、问题后的字数要求）。Barack Obama is prepared to become president, supported by enormous public goodwill. The Bush era, with all its disasters and blunders, is over. Obama has arrived in Washington, DC, and is ready to swear the oath (誓词) of office on Lincolns own Bible at noon on Tuesday January 20th. Then Am
23、ericans will start to see what kind of a president they have chosen as the 44th occupant of the office.To a surprising degree they like to give him the benefit of any possible doubt. Mr Obamas polling numbers have reached sky-high levels._, 80% of people now have a positive impression of Mr Obama, a
24、 figure that has been steadily increasing since his election in November. It is the highest figure recorded for an incoming president for 30 years, according to another poll. It compares well even with George Bushs 90% patriotism-fuelled rating in the wake of the September 11th attacks.Mr Obamas sup
25、porting rate seems the more remarkable given the large proportion of people who say that they do not expect to see quick results. Fully two-thirds of them do not expect to see great improvements in the economy over the next two years, and more than half doubt there will be many changes on health-car
26、e reform, or an end to the war in Iraq, in that time. Yet these were Mr Obamas three main campaign promises. On the other hand, 61% of them expect the country to be in better shape in five years time, which means a fairly long honeymoon period.76. What is the possible title of this article?(within 1
27、0 words)_77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Surprisingly, Americans seem willing to support Obama._78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(Pleases answer within 5 words)_79. What did Mr. Obama promise to do after he became president of the US? .(Pl
28、eases answer within 15 words)_80. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese._参考答案76. Obama is supported by Americans/ Obama is supported by public goodwill/ Obama enjoys high supporting rate77. To a surprising degree they like to give him the benefit of any possible doubt.78. According t
29、o a news survey/ Based on a poll/From a questionnaire79. improve the economy reform health-care end the war in Irqa80. 奥巴马已经来到华盛顿，并且准备在1月20日星期二中午用林肯使用过的圣经宣誓就职。*结束第二节 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A：Excuse meMrGreenBut Id like to take a few days off.B： 61A：My mother is illI have to take ca
30、re of her.B：Oh, dearIm sorry to hear that 62A：No, thanksMy mother has caught a bad coldShe has a high fever and coughs day and nightThe doctor says my mother has to be in hospital for a few daysI would like to be with her.B：I understand 63A：I hope to be back next Wednesday.B：Thats all right 64A：Than
31、k you, MrGreenThats very kind of youIll write it immediately.B： 65 Ill certainly help you with them.AIs there anything I can do to help?BWhats the matter, Alice?CI hope your mother gets well soon.DHow long will you be away?EHow is everything going?FBut you must write a note for permission to be away
32、GDont worry about your lessons.参考答案 61-65 BADFG*结束任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。An Event of ImaginationThe year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two pieces wi
33、ll probably hit the southern half of the Earth.On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earths atmosphere with a massive explosion. About half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and a huge hole is made i
34、n the seabed. Huge waves are created and spread outwards from the hole. The wall of water, a kilometer high, rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometers an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned.Before the waves reach South America, the second
35、 piece of the comet lands in Argentina. Earthquakes and volcanoes are set off in the Andes Mountains. The shock waves move north into California and all around the Pacific Ocean. The cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco and Tokyo are completely destroyed by earthquakes. Millions of people in the sou
36、thern half of the earth are already dead, but the north wont escape for long. Because of the explosions, the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, and temperature around the world falls to almost zero. Crops are ruined. The sun wont be seen again for many years. Wars break out as countries fight for food
37、. A year later, no more than 10 million remain alive.Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs (恐龙) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that
38、 the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldnt live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?ReasonsResultsOne piece hits the South Atlantic at 200 times 76 77 the speed of sound.The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed.
39、A tsunami(海啸) hits southern Africa, 78 cities on the African coast, and 79 millions of people.A 80 81 happens when the four-kilometer-wide piece of comet enters the Earths 82 .The sun is hidden by clouds of dust and the temperature falls to almost zero, 83 crops. Wars break out for food and only 10 million people remain. The human beings are 84 the danger of 85 out. 参考答案1.faster 2.than 3.destroying 4.drowning 5.massive 6.explosion 7.atmosphere 8.mining 9 .facing 10.dying*结束