1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家辽宁营口市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文填单词类训练题（10）及答案专题*主旨大意一、题型特点与解题技巧这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。一、常见问题形式有：(1)The subject/topic of the article is (2)Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passa
2、ge?(3)What does the passage/author mainly discuss?(4)Which of the following is the best title of the passage?二、应试技巧1.开门见山, 提出主题。开门见山, 提出主题，随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常 见的演绎法写作方式，分清main idea 和 supporting sentences。英语阅读理解中的许多文章都属于“观点论证型”和“现象解释型”的文章，而这两类文章常常采取的是“一般到具体”的篇章结构模式。也就是说这类文章往往开宗明义，文章伊始就要摆明描
3、述的主要对象或论述的主要观点。 An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to (归因于) the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works. Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, a
4、ccording to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up. Whats the main idea of the text? A. Universities have received more applications. B. Economics is attracting an increasing number
5、of students C. College students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty. D. Parents are concerned with childrens subject selection. ( 2009 山东) 2首段的末句和二段首句对于阅读理解中的其他篇章结构模式，如“问题解决型”和“破旧立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主题句高发出现点，特别是当文章的首句后出现的转折性的陈述，而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时，那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现的与首句相对立的结论。一般而言，作者常常藉用转折连词来引出
6、文章或段落的主旨大意，该类型的转折连词有：but，yet，however。转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常是文章中心主旨的关键所在。Relationships with family, friends, neighborsand even petswill all do the trick, but the biggest longevity(长寿)boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. William Farrs study and other studies show t
7、hat _. A. social life proves an effective cure for illness B. being sociable helps improve ones quality of life C. women benefit more than men from marriage D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity3归纳法先表述细节, 后以结论、建议或结果来概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。阅读时要分清细节和结论A human body appears to be rather soft
8、 and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he can do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games
9、 show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore, man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that
10、 threaten him. Whats the topic sentence of this passage?_4无主题句 无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分，同时注意高频词。 The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies cou
11、ld not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother. The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of fault. ., Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Mge became Mrs. Brooke,and .,., Amy was asked to go and stay in Euro
12、pe with a relative of the Marches. And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to. 来源:金太阳新课标资源网 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. The March Family B. The M
13、arch Parents C. The March Girls D. The March Relatives ( 2006 江苏)5.文章标题问标题的题也是一种主旨题，与主旨题的解题方法和技巧完全一样。二者的差别主要体现于选项的形式：主旨题的答案通常以一句话表示，而问标题的答案大多为一个名词词组。最重要的是，标题在内容上必须而且只能反映文章的中心大意。这就要求选项的归纳范围要恰如其分，既不能只提及文中的一个细节，也不能将本文以外的内容概括于其中，要善于识别本末倒置、主次不分、以点代面、以偏概全或者过度概括的干扰项。另外，标题在形式上要新颖、醒目，能吸引读者注意力，能唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。
14、By day he is just a normal cat but when the lights go out, he glows in the dark. Scientists have genetically modified a cat as part of an experiment that could lead to treatments for diseases. Named Mr Green Genes, he looks like a six-month-old cat but, under ultraviolet light, his eyes, gums and to
15、ngue glow green. That is the result of a genetic experiment at. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. A Glowing Cat B. Mr. Green Genes C. One Cats Life D. An experiment of cats 6作者意图态度作者意图即写作目的与文章主题不同，但与它关系密切，所以也可以算作主旨题的一种变体。二者的异同可以从下面的对比中看出：文章主旨问中心思想、文章大意，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达
16、这个中心思想，等于文章大意论述方法(或作者口吻)。文章大意可以根据前面所述的方法找到。理解文章的语篇结构，了解作者的态度意图，文中的信息词至关重要。信息词包括关联词、副词、形容词，表示总结的介词短语、情态动词等。关联词可以揭示文章各段落，句子之间的内在关系，展示作者态度和意图。常见的此类关联词有however，but，on the contrary，although，while等表示转折，提示此信息于上文相反。还有表关联的副词：besides，moreover，furthermore，nevertheless等；解作者态度(attitude)或语气(tone)题，关键在于把握作者对全文主体事物
17、(与主题有关)或某一具体事物的态度。确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。It was pleasant to sit out on deck and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph. This morning we drove over to Baccarat and toured its museum and the church, which has this unbeliev
18、able lamp that is going on a world tour the next day,.,.,., Today we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. What does the author think of the tour? A. Tiring B. Expensive C. Enjoyable D. Quick (
19、 2009宁夏)三、主旨大意题的干扰项（错误选项）有3种：1.概括范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2.概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。3.无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。*结束（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。If you are hungry, what do you do? Have your favorite-meal and stay quiet after that?_ 71 But it never lets you know, b
20、ecause, you keep it busy thinking about your friends or favorite starsSo it silently serves your needs and never lets itself growWhen mind loses its freedom to growcreativity sets a full stopThis might be the reason why we all sometimes think What happens next?, Why cant I think? 72 Why reading but
21、not watching TV? It is because reading has been the most educative tool used by us right from childhoodSince it develops other aspects of our life, we have to take help from readingOnce you read a book, you run your eyes through the lines and your mind tries to explain something to you 73 Now this s
22、eed is unknowingly used by you to develop new ideasIf it is used many times, the same seed can give you great help to relate a lot of things, which you would have never thought of in your wildest dreams!This is nothing but creativity 74 Within no time you can start talking with your friends in Engli
23、sh or any other language and never run out of the right wordsSo guys, do give food for your thoughts by reading, reading and more reading 75 Go and get a book!ANow what are you waiting for?BReading can help you make more friends, tooCJust like your stomach, your mind is also hungryDWhy not do some r
24、eading while you are hungry?EAlso this makes a significant contribution to your vocabularyFThe interesting part of the book is stored in your mind as a seedGHunger of the mind can be actually solved through wide reading【答案】CGFEA *结束任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空
25、格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。Many students eat their breakfasts on the way to school or in the dinning-room. But some of them dont really know how to eat well when eating out.Here is some important advice. The first is to eat less fast food. The most obvious harm of eating too much fast food is weight
26、gaining because of too much fat. Young people and adults are at risk of disease related to weight.Too much fast food can drag your body down. French fries, for example, were recently found to contain much more acryl amide (丙烯酰胺) than other food. This may cause cancer. Actually, deep fried food all c
27、ontains acryl amide. So dont eat it too often.Soda is another thing you should watch out for. Cokes and other sodas contain a lot of sugar and can slow down a persons calcium absorption, so its best to drink as little soda as possible.Food in the dinning-room may not be as tasty as fast food, but it
28、s actually easier to make healthy choices. Human bodies need variety. You can have a dinner that balances lean proteins, vitamins and complex carbohydrates (碳水化合物). In other words, a meal with fish or meat, vegetables and some bread or rice will provide you with most nutrients that the body needs.So
29、me snacks, on the other hand, will help keep you going until your next big meal. It is natural for teenagers, especially boys, to feel hungry during school time. Dont forget to take some foods, like whole-grain biscuits or low-fat milk in your school bag.Title: Advice on 76. _AdviceFoodContents77. _
30、KindEat less fast foodFrench fries and other deep 78. _ foodtoo much 79. _ Acryl amidecause weight gaining cause 80. _unhealthy food81. _less sodasodaslots of sugarslow down 82. _ absorptionunhealthy foodEat in din-ning-roomfish or meat, vegetables and some bread or ricelean proteins, vitamins And c
31、omplex 83. _provide most nutrients that the body needs84. _ foodTake some 85. _whole-grain biscuits orlow-fat milknot mentionedkeep you going until next big mealhealthy food参考答案76. Breakfast 77. Effect 78. fried79. fat 80. cancer 81. Drink82. calcium 83. carbohydrates 84. healthy 85. snacks*结束高考任务型阅
32、读解题技巧高考考点分析 概括大意型阅读最早由上海使用，2010年陕西省也开始引用该题型。该题型是由六个选项和五个段落构成。需要判断段落主题的5个段落。通常段落长度在45行之间。指定的段落中有些段落含有明显的主题句，有些段落没有明显的主题句 段落主题需要考生自己总结概括。解题技巧一、 解题方向该题型的文章由若干段落组成，要求给每段话归纳段落大意，意即找出该段的中心思想或主旨。本题不是让考生写出每段的段落大意，而是要求从列表中选择。选项设置的数目多于文章中的段落数目，也就是说有干扰选项。对于短文进行概括是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此
33、，“概括短文的内容要点”实为客观简要地转述作者的观点、论据和结论。二、解题步骤 每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的段落大意不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主题肯定不同，原文将它们为不同的段落，就是要分别说明不同的内容。在解题时，可以按照下列步骤：1. 先看选项，寻找关键词，确定所考段落这样做题的好处有两点：(1)寻找选项关键词，它有可能与某段的核心词重合，如果重合，那该选项就可能是正确答案。 (2)读文章的时候，不要一下子把文章读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段的小标题已找到，那么，先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直到完成。这样做
34、，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。2.细读每段话，抓主题句和核心词汇 由于正确答案常常是主题句的改写，读每段话时，并不是该段话全部都要细读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的主题句。先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对比，确定正确答案。正确答案一般是该句话的改写。据统计我们发现主题句分布比例如下：段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50；段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过20；段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20；也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的小标题，这种可能性超过50。整段话读完的可能性不超过10.这个做题的方法不仅
35、有统计数据的依据，还有理论基础。英文的段落展开方法比较简单，主要有两种：演绎法及归纳法。凡主题句在第一句或第二句，都是演绎法。归纳法是指由例子及论据观点，所以主题句在该段的最后一句。70左右的段落是用演绎法写的，而且其中绝大部分主题句在第一句。20左右的段落是用归纳法写的。介绍这种抓主题句的方法，就是首先认为段落是用演绎法写的，而且主题句在第一句，按照第一句的意思，在列表中确定答案。如果选项列表中有一项与这句话的意思相同，即可认为是正确答案。如果不能确定再一次读该段的第二句和最后一句，再与列表中的选项一一对比确定答案。实践证明这种方法不仅节省时间，而且正确率很高。3.某段话的答案确定后，将它的
36、选项从列表中划去每个选项最多只能用一次，所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从列表中划去，以免误选为其它段落的小标题。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看该选项，以节省时间。4.如果答案不确定，先将可能正确的选项全部选出如果一个段落原答案不确定，应将它们先都选出来，写在题目旁边，再往下做。这样做的好处是，下面某一段落的答案确定后，便能推出上面段落的答案来。因此不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。例如：第二段答案可能是D或B，但是你能够确定第四段的答案时D，所以第二段的答案就是B了。即使第二段后面各段的Heading都不是D或B最后在确定第二段的Heading时，也是从D和B中选择一个。5.干扰选项的特点是段落中未展开详细的说明 作为干扰选项出现的常常是段落中提到的细节，但我们要找的是段落主旨。这更说明了做这种题要抓住段落的主题句。而不是整个段落全看。否则，特别容易受到干扰选项的误导。6.如果主题句比较复杂（如复合句），应该重点看主句部分有时主题句是比较复杂的复合句，如果理解有困难，应集中精力看主句部分，正确答案应来自主句。*结束- 9 - 版权所有高考资源网
