1、Module 1Bernard Shaws Pygmalion话题导入在这个世界上，取得成功的人是那些努力找寻机会的人，如果找不到机会，他们就创造机会。背景知识皮格马力翁效应皮格马利翁是古代塞浦路斯的一位善于雕刻的国王，由于他把全部热情和希望放在自己雕刻的少女雕像身上，后来竟使这座雕像活了起来。皮格马利翁效应又称“罗森塔尔效应”或“期待效应”，它是心理学家罗森塔尔首先发现的。罗森塔尔等人从小学一年级到六年级中，每个年级各抽出三个班级进行测验。他们随机抽取一些学生的测验结果，然后告诉各任课教师哪些学生将会表现出明显进步(其实这些学生完全是实验者们随机抽样的，任课教师不知道)。八个月后，再进行测验
2、，发现被指为可能进步的学生的成绩确实进步了。教师在关于学生品行的评定中也给了这些学生好的评定。除任课教师外，这些学生的名单并未向任何其他人泄露，所以他们认为这个结果是从任课教师的期待中产生的。罗森塔尔借用希腊神话中出现的主人公的名字，把它命名为皮格马利翁效应。这种现象说明教师的期待不同，对儿童施加影响的方法也不同，儿童受到的影响也不同。对于家长也是一样的，要想使孩子发展更好，就应该给他传递积极的期望。期望对于人的行为产生了巨大影响。积极的期望促使人们向好的方向发展，消极的期望则使人向坏的方向发展。引入型阅读George Bernard Shaw was born on 26 July，1856
3、,in Dublin,as the son of George Carr Shaw,who was in the wholesale grain trade.Shaws childhood was troubled.His father was a drunkard,which made his son a teetotaller.Shaw went to the Wesleyan Connexional School,then moved to a private school near Dalkey,and then to Dublins Central Model School,endi
4、ng his formal education at the Dublin English Scientific and Commercial Day School.At the age of 15 he started to work as a junior clerk.In 1876,he went to London,joining his sister and mother.Shaw did not return to Ireland for nearly thirty years.Shaw began his literary career by writing music and
5、theatre criticism,and novels,including the semi-autobiographical Immaturity without much success.In 1884 Shaw joined the Fabian Society,a middle-class socialist group and served on its executive committee from 1885 to 1911.In 1895,Shaw became a drama critic for the Saturday Review.These articles wer
6、e later collected in Our Theatres in the Nineties(1932).Shaw also wrote music,art and drama criticism for Dramatic Review(1885-1886),Our Corner(1885-1886), The Pall Mall Gazette(1885-1888),The World(1886-1894),and The Star(1888-1890)asCorno di Basetto.His music criticism has been collected in Shaws
7、Music(1981).The Perfect Wagnerite appeared in 1898 and Caesar And Cleopatrain 1901.In 1898，Shaw married the wealthy Charlotte Payne-Townshend.They settled in 1906 in the Hertfordshire village of Ayot St.Lawrence.Shaw remained with Charlotte until her death,although he was occasionally linked with ot
8、her women.He carried on a passionate correspondence over the years with Mrs.Patrick Campbell,a widow and actress.Shaws early plays including Widowers Houses(1892),which criticized slum landlords were not well received.His “unpleasant plays”,ideological attacks on the evils of capitalism and explorat
9、ions of moral and social problems,were followed with more entertaining but equally principled productions like Candida and John Bulls Other Island(1904).Major Barbara depicted an officer of the Salvation Army,who learned from her father,a manufacturer of armaments,that money and power can be better
10、weapons against evil than love.Pygmalion was originally written for the actress Mrs.Patrick Campbell,and became the basis for two films and a musical.Shaws popularity declined after his essay “Common Sense About the War”(1914),which was considered unpatriotic.With Saint Joan(1924)he was again accept
11、ed by the post-war public.Shaw died at Ayot St.Lawrence,Hertfordshire,on November 2,1950.During his long career,Shaw wrote over 50 plays.1.Which play became the basis for two films?2.Who do you think was Mrs.Patrick Campbell?答案：1.Pygmalion2.An actress.课前导引一、词汇扫描根据句意及各题括号中所给的汉语意思，从下面的方框中选择合适的单词或词组，用其
12、适当形式填空。appeardelightadoptattractenlightencriticizeconfidencecondescendcomplexiondecencyrecollectrespect1.Jenny was born of a _(高尚的)family.No wonder she always behaves properly.2.The dress she wears is always_ (得体的).3.His _ (长相)is familiar to me,but I cant remember where I have seen him.4.With the ra
13、pid development of tourism,Qingdao has become one of the most_ (吸引人的)places in our country.5.The whole _ (面貌)of the government has been greatly changed since the minister for foreign affairs was replaced.6.As a top student in the class,Mark is_ (自信的)that he will pass the coming examination.7.She is
14、a very proud lady.However,she actually _ (屈尊)to say hello to me in the street today.8.Sometimes proper praise seems to be more helpful than_ (批评)to students.9.We spent a _ (愉快的)weekend together with our grandparents in the mountain village,which made all of us very happy.10.As an employer with _ (明智
15、的)ideas,Mr.Hilton was popular with his employees.答案：1.respectable2.decent3.appearance4.attractiveplexion6.confident7.condescended8.criticism9.delightful10.enlightened二、句型聚焦观察下列句子，试着归纳其画线部分所包含的句型结构。1.It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making another Englishman hate him._2.Wh
16、at does it matter what becomes of you?_答案：1.It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.（对某人来说干某事是）2.What does it matter.?又有什么关系？三、语法平台观察下列句子中的画线部分并将句子译成汉语。1.Eliza marries a young man who she likes a lot._2.Ive already decided who will win the bet._3.Dont be so rude to Eliza!_4.Pygmalion is said to be Shaws most popular play._5.Higgins is a professor of English._6.You come back to me this minute!_7.Its no good shouting at me._答案：1.伊莱扎和她非常喜欢的一位年轻人结婚了。2.我已经决定了谁将赢得这次打赌。3.不要对伊莱扎这么粗鲁。4.据说皮格马力翁是萧伯纳最受欢迎的一出戏剧。5.希金斯是一位英语教授。6.你马上回到我这里来！7.对我大声喊叫并没有用处。
