1、附件. 语法解析一些动词使用动名词和不定式做宾语的区别：1) forget to to忘记要去做某事 forget doing 忘记做过某事2) stop to do停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事Stop doing停止正在或经常做的事3) remember to do记得去做某事remember doing记得做过某事4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔5) try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do打算、有意要mean doing 意味着7) go on to do继而（
2、去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）8) propose to do打算（要做某事）propose doing 建议（做某事）9) like / love / hate / prefer + to do表示具体行为+ doing sth表示抽象、倾向概念（注）如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：I should like to see him tomorrow. 10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要（修、清理等）”意思。Dont you remember seeing t
3、he man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗？You must remember to leave tomorrow. 你可要记着是明天动身。I dont regret telling him what I thought. 我不后悔给他讲过我的想法。（已讲过）I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗言你必须这样去做，我实在没办法。（未做但要做）You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。Lets try doing the work some other way. 让我们试一试
4、用另外一种办法来做这个工作。I didnt mean to hurt your feeling. 我没想要伤害你的感情。This illness will mean (your) going to hospital. 得了这种病（你）就要进医院。. 德育教育素材改变世界1913年，一位二十岁左右的年轻人，在法国南部的某个省作了一次旅行。当时，那个省还是一个相当荒凉的地区，在那里几乎看不见树林。因为人们曾经过分砍伐和过多的耕种，使得该地的土壤在没有树木保护的情况下，经常受到雨水的冲刷，造成了整个地区的土壤变坏。由于土壤变坏，只有少部分人还留在此地耕种。当地的村庄遭到了废弃，已变得很破旧了；大部分
5、的村民也离开此地，到他乡生活去了；甚至野生动物也不得不逃往别处，因为没有树木的遮挡，保护它们的矮树丛就无法生长，它们的食物和水源也因此而变得极为稀少了。一天晚上，这个年轻的旅行者在一位老牧人的简陋房子里过夜。虽然那位老牧人已经满头灰发，年近五十多岁了，但他却仍然非常强壮和高大结实。他的房子小而清洁，家具简朴。那位年轻人本来打算只在那里过一夜，但在老牧人的亲切招待下，他却和那位牧人一起住了好几天。使他好奇的是：每天晚上，老牧人都会花上几个小时的时间，在油灯下把一些种子分成种类。他非常小心地挑选着它们，把坏的种子拣出来，把好的种子全部放在一个包里。第二天，当他领着羊群去吃草的时候，就种下这些坚果种
6、子。他利用羊群吃草的时候，在每走几步的距离之外，便用自己的木棍用里地在地上钻出一个有几公分深的小洞来，然后把一个种子放在里面，再用脚把泥土盖在洞口上。他重复着这些步骤，种下所有的种子。白天，他常常要步行许多公里。在那个省的境内，在那些树木少的地带里，他每到一个地区，都会一边牧羊，一边种树。那位年轻人看了这位老牧人的举动之后，心理觉得很奇怪，他不明白老人究竟在做些什么，因此，他终于开口向老人问此事，老牧人回答说：“年轻人，我是在种树啊。”那位年轻人问：“但你为什么要这样做呢？这些树经过很多年后，才会长到对你有什么好处的地步。或许，你甚至无法活到能够亲眼看到它们长大的时候！”那位老牧人回答说：“你
7、说得对，不过，总有一天它们将会对某些人有某些好处，它们将会使这片土地复活。或许我本人看不到这个梦想成真，但是，或许我的子孙后代会有幸看到它的实现。”那位年轻人为这位牧人的远见和无私大为惊叹。因为，他很有可能永远也没有机会看到种树的成果，或不能亲自享受到它的好处，但是他却情愿去为后人准备良好的土地。二十年过去了，当这位徒步旅行者已经四十多岁的时候，他再次拜访了这一地区，他为自己所看到的情景大为惊讶。在这个巨大的山谷里，已经长满了各种不同的树木，它们已经形成了一个青翠美丽的天然树林！虽然那些树木还不很高大，只有七公尺左右，但是它们毕竟全都是树木啊！山谷中充满了生气！那里的青草长得十分的翠绿，周围还
8、长满了灌木丛；而且，野生动物也再次开始在此地繁殖了。这里的土壤又开始变得湿润起来，农夫们也可以在这里再次耕种农作物了。他很知道那位老牧人的近况。结果，他惊异地发现：那位老牧人仍然健在，身体强健；他还仍旧住在自己的小房子里，每天晚上还照旧在挑选着种子。那位旅游者说，最让他感到惊讶的事情，不仅是以为那些美丽的树木，还因为在那片土地上再次出现了农业、野生动物，以及美丽青翠的绿草和树丛。那里的小农场全都显得很兴旺，村庄里也似乎再次充满了生气。这与他在二十年前旅游时看见的听见的相比完全不一样。那时的村庄全都是破烂的，大部分村民们也都离开了此地。而现在，由于一个人的远见、一个人的辛勤、一个人的耐心、一个人
9、的牺牲、一个人的忠实、一个人能做的，以及他多年来一天又一天的努力，使得这一地区重新兴旺起来了。因此，当你因为这个世界的样子而感到失望的时候，请你不要放弃。我们有时候会很灰心地想：“我是谁呢？我能做些什么呢？所有的事情看来都没有希望和不可改变。看来，一个人似乎无法做任何事情来改变世界。因此，我试着改变它又会有什么作用呢？”但是，这位地位低下的牧人却用他多年的劳动证明了：一个人是能改变世界的。也许，你不能改变整个世界，但你却能改变你所在的那部分世界。你是能够改变这个世界的！今天就开始做吧！去改变你自己的生命，改变你的家人，改变你的家庭。去改变世界吧！. 背景知识A. Importance of p
10、lants and plant communitiesPlants and plant communities (places where a variety of plants live together) are very important to humans and their environment. Here are some of the important things plants provide.AestheticsPlants have great “aesthetic” value which means they add to the beauty of the pl
11、aces that we live. How many of us would be want to live without the plants around us, including the forests, woodlands, and grasslands surrounding our towns and cities? Native grasses and wildflowers provide use with a link to our history.MedicineThroughout history plants have been of great importan
12、ce to medicine. Eighty percent of all medicinal drugs originate in wild plants. In fact, 25 percent of all prescriptions written annually in the United States contain chemicals from plants.In spite of all the medical advances, only 2 percent of the worlds plant species have ever been tested for thei
13、r medical potential. That means there are many important drugs yet to be discovered.FoodAlthough some 3,000 species of plants have been used as food by humans, 90 percent of the worlds food comes from only 20 plant species. Three species of grasses rice, wheat, and corn are the most important food p
14、lants. Industrial ProductsPlants are also very important for the goods they provide. Fibers from plants provide clothing. Wood used to build our homes depends on plants. Some fuel products are made from plants, like ethanol made from corn and soy diesel made from soybeans.RecreationPlant communities
15、 form the basis for many important recreational activities, including hiking, fishing, hunting, and nature observation.Air QualityThe oxygen in the air we breathe comes from the photosynthesis of plants. The quality of the air can be greatly influenced by plants. Plants can stop the movement of dust
16、 and pollutants. Through the intake of carbon dioxide, plants can also lessen the greenhouse effect caused from the burning of fossil fuels like coal.Water QualityPlants are extremely important to the quality of the water we use. A diverse cover of plants aids in maintaining healthy watersheds, stre
17、ams, and lakes by holding soil in place, controlling stream flows, and filtering sediments from water.Erosion ControlThe delicate wildflowers that dot the roadsides in Iowa during the spring, summer and fall, protect the soil from erosion caused by heavy rains. Without enough plant cover, wind or wa
18、ter erodes the thin layer of soil that we depend on.ClimateRegional climates are impacted by the amount and type of plant cover. Forest and marshes, for example, can cool local climates. Natural disasters, such as drought, have been blamed on the destruction of forests and other critically important
19、 plant communities.Fish and Wildlife HabitatPlants and plant communities provide the necessary habitat (a place to live) for wildlife and fish populations.EcosystemThe word “ecosystem” means the way in which humans, plants and animals all live together supporting each other. Every species serves an
20、important role or purpose in their community. B. About pitcher plants The pitcher plant belongs to a family of perennial insect-eating plants called Sarraceniaceae. Genus Sarracenia, named in honour of Michel Sarrazin (1659-1734, a naturalist in New France), includes one species in Canada (Sarraceni
21、a purpurea), the purple pitcher plant. It is found from Newfoundland to Saskatchewan. These plants, which grow in bogs and marshes, are also nicknamed little pigs or pigs ears. The dark red flower, perched at the tip of a long stalk, appears in May or June. The young seed is protected by what looks
22、like a green umbrella. The green leaves, veined in red, are grouped at the base of the plant. The leaf stalk is a pitcher-shaped hollow tube that contains nectar. Insects attracted by this nectar enter the pitcher, but its thick lining of straight, downward-pointing hairs prevents them from climbing
23、 out again. Exhausted, the insects drown in the water that accumulates at the bottom. They are the victims of a passive trap. The plant secretes enzymes that speed up the digestion of the prey by micro-organisms living in the water, but the plant assimilates only some of the nutrients.The pitcher pl
24、ant may be grown in a garden terrarium, or in very wet, very acid soil. Plants that look very similar but belong to different families are found in Asia and Australia.The purple pitcher plant was adopted as the floral EMBLEM of Newfoundland in 1954. It was also depicted on the islands one-cent coin
25、prior to 1949.C. Co-evolutionThe term coevolution is used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each others evolution. So for example, an evolutionary change in the morphology of a plant, might affect the morphology of an herbivore that eats the plant, which in turn might
26、 affect the evolution of the plant, which might affect the evolution of the herbivore.and so on.Co-evolution is likely to happen when different species have close ecological interactions with one another. These ecological relationships include:1. Predator / prey and parasite/host 2. Competitive spec
27、ies 3. Mutualistic species Plants and insects represent a classic case of co-evolution-one that is often, but not always, mutualistic. Many plants and their pollinators are so reliant on one another and their relationships are so exclusive that biologists have good reason to think that the “match” b
28、etween the two is the result of a co-evolutionary process. But we can see exclusive “matches” between plants and insects even when pollination is not involved. Some Central American Acacia species have hollow thorns and pores at the bases of their leaves that secrete nectar. These hollow thorns are
29、the exclusive nest-site of some species of ant that drink the nectar. But the ants are not just taking advantage of the plant they also defend their acacia plant against herbivores. This system is probably the product of co-evolution: the plants would not have evolved hollow thorns or nectar pores u
30、nless their evolution had been affected by the ants, and the ants would not have evolved herbivore defense behaviors unless their evolution had been affected by the plants.D. About some unusual plantsMedusas Snake Tree is also known as Chenille Tree (Acalypha hispida).Dont worry; your friends will n
31、ot turn to stone when they see your plant. But they will freeze in amazement when they see all the long red “snakes” hanging off your Snake Tree.These red catkins can grow ONE FOOT in length in a weeks time. Yes, this plant grows very fast, especially when it is warm.Keep your Snake Tree in a sunny
32、warm window or patio, and stand back as it explodes with vigorous growth and brilliant red snakes.The Lucky Ribbon Plant is a piece of living magic from the Solomon Islands. The long flat ribbon-like leaves are said to bring good luck.Many cultures use ribbons on their costumes to celebrate happy ev
33、ents. Pin a leaf ribbon on your clothes, or set this plant on a table to attract good fortune.Queen of the Night The flowers only open at night, at 9 or 10pm. They last one night only, before the wilting into a limp orb which feels like wet feathers. Invite your neighbors over when the bud begins to
34、 swell, sit back, and drink in one of the most amazing performances in nature.This rare and wonderful plant comes from South American jungles, where it clambers up trees and rocks. It is pollinated at night by insects which are attracted to its delicious perfume and white color. It technique is so s
35、uccessful, that the flowers only need to be open one night to insure the survival of the species.With good light, this houseplant will bloom dependably year after year. It may be planted outside in frost free zones.Air Plant If there was ever a misleading name for a plant, this is it: Air Plant. Thi
36、s plant does not live in the air, nor does it live on air alone!Plant promoters sold these plants to children with this name because you can take a leaf of this plant, clothes-pin it to a curtain by a window, and little plantlets will begin to grow from the natural indentations at the leaf margin. R
37、oots grow too, and dangle in the air.Are these new plants actually growing on the air? Nope. These plantlets are drawing all their nutrients and moisture from the mother leaf.Venus Flytrap leaves really do snap shut and trap flies. The warmer the day is, the faster they close!Traps close, fill with
38、an enzyme solution, and dissolve proteins. This fly soup is rich in nitrogen and other plant nutrients. After two weeks, the soup is eaten and the traps reopen. All you will see is a flattened dry skeleton of a bug. Powerful, and effective!Sound scary? Dont worry. Maximum lunch size is an earwig. All traps catch flies. Small traps catch gnats and mosquitoes. Larger traps catch proportionally larger prey, even roaches.版权所有：高考资源网()