1、Inventors and inventionsBook 8 Unit 3基础知识排查重点词汇突破句法与语法突破五年高考 最新模拟1基础知识排查1.call up 给打电话2.now and then偶尔；有时3.set about 开始；着手4.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺5.bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担6.ring back回复电话重点识记词汇7.ring off挂断电话8.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入9.set out(to do)开始(做)10.stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的11.hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住12.out of order次序
2、颠倒；发生故障13.criterion n.(pl criteria)(评判的)标准；尺度14.current n.(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的15.tap vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n.轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头16.get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过17.distinguish vi.&vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别 distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishable adj.易分辨的，能区分的18.merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy n.宽大；仁慈 merciless
3、 adj.残忍的；无情的19.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地20.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的convenience n.方便；便利conveniently adv.便利地；方便地21.caution n.小 心；谨 慎 cautious adj.小 心 的；谨 慎 的 cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地22.expectation n.预料；期待；期望expect vt.期待；期望；指望 unexpected adj.想不到的；意外的unexpectedly adv.出乎意料地23.passive adj.被动的
4、；消极的；被动语态的active adj.(反义词)积极的；活跃的；主动的24.merry adj.愉快的；高兴的merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地25.recognition n.认出；认可；承认recognize vt.认出，识别；承认26.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freeze v.冰冻frozen adj.冻结的27.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的occasion n.时机，机会；场合28.invaluable adj.无价的；极宝贵的valuable adj.有价值的；贵重的；可估价的valu
5、e vt.评价；重视；估价 n.值；价值；价格；重要性29.associate vt.联想；联系 n.同伴；伙伴associated adj.关联的；联合的association n.协会；联合；联想30.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practice v.实行；实习 n.练习，实践petence n.能力；胜任；本领competent adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的32.innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence n.天真；清白33.identification n.鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identify vt.确定；识别identity
6、n.身份；同一性，一致34.product n.产 品 production n.生 产；制 造；制 作 producer n.生产商；制造商；产地1.The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上趁天还不太热，我就早早地起床了。2.But once picked up，they tried to bite me.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。3.Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time
7、.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。必背经典句式4.Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，那么在你知道它之前，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占用你的大脑。5.Snakes come near the house now and then,and they seem to have made their home here,not far from the
8、 walnut tree.蛇不时来到我们房子旁边，似乎在离核桃树不远处安家了。fulpainful/peInfl/adj.令人疼痛的；令人痛苦的peaceful/pisfl/adj.1.和平的；爱好和平的2.安静的；安宁的；宁静的powerful/pafl/adj.1.强大的；强有力的2.效力大的；作用大的respectful/rIspektfl/adj.表示敬意的；尊敬的shameful/eImfl/adj.可耻的；不体面的；下流的构词记忆2重点词汇突破1 distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清(recognize the difference between)；成为的特征(be ch
9、aracteristic)；使有别于应试指导distinguished作为高级词汇替换famousdistinguish.from.使别于的特征distinguish between.and.区分和be distinguished for因而出名be distinguished as辨别为；称之为distinguishing adj有区别的It is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments.分清前后两届政府的政策很有必要。Research suggests that babies learn to
10、see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。(1)用distinguish的适当形式填空guests and friends，welcome to our school.Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni from home and abroad.The bird has no features.夯实基础distinguishingDistinguished(2)He
11、was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school._(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.2 claim n.&vt.要求；主张；声称；认领make a claim for/on/to要求claim to do./that.声称claim ones attention值得注意He
12、claimed that it was all a trick against him.他声称这一切都是一个针对他的诡计。He repeated his claim that the people there backed his action.他再次声称，那里的人民支持他的行动。夯实基础(1)语法填空The scientist claimed(invent)a new kind of car.The victims in the accident made a claim damages.(2)She claims that she is related to the Queen.(用含有不
13、定式的简单句改写句子)She claims to be related to the Queen.to have inventedfor3 bear vt.承受；忍耐；运送；生(孩子)多词一义bear，stand，tolerate，put up withbear doing/to do.忍受干bear sb./sb.s doing.容忍某人做bear sb.to do.忍受某人做keep/bear sth.in mind牢记They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.他们不得不忍受长期生活在战争恐惧中的
14、痛苦。She bore him a daughter，Suzanna.她给他生了个女儿，苏珊娜。特别提醒(1)bear表示“容忍，忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。(2)bear的过去分词形式，作“生育，生产”讲时用borne；作“出生”或“出身”时用born。夯实基础语法填空(1)Mary has him six sons and the eldest son was in 1970.(bear)(2)He cant bear(laugh)at.being laughed/to be laughed borneborn4 call up给打电话(ring up)；
15、征 召 入 伍(draft)；使 回 忆 起(recall)应试指导“call副词”类语境词义辨析call for需要call at拜访某地call on拜访某人call on sb.to do.号召某人做call off取消call out大声地说；召唤某人call in叫某人进来call back回电话；再打电话When Im in Pittsburgh，I call him up.我每到匹兹堡，都给他打电话。Youngsters coming up to university were being called up.快上大学的青年人受到征召。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空call on，
16、call off，call up(1)The picnic was because of the rain.(2)Lets stop off and Tim and his family.(3)These pictures memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in Hainan during the summer holiday.call up called offcall on 5 hang on不挂断；稍等(hold on)；紧紧握住(hold tightly)；坚持，不放弃(continue doing，not give u
17、p)应试指导(1)hang on在交际用语中的考查(2)“hang副词”类语境词义辨析hang out逗留；闲荡hang ones head(因羞愧)低下头hang back退缩；踌躇不前hang up(on sb.)挂断(某人的)电话get/have the hang of sth.学会做某事的技巧Hang on a minute；Im nearly ready.稍等一下，我马上就好。The President has been trying hard to hang on to power.总统一直在设法抓住权力不放。夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空hang on，hang out，hang
18、back，hang up(1)I saw him step forward for a moment but then，nervously.(2)He said hed call again，and on me.(3)Whats the sense of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply for a while?(4)Jack almost fell off the cliff，but managed to until help came.hang out hang backhang on hu
19、ng up3句法与语法突破1 Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。句型公式祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。
20、Quit smoking，or you may ruin your health.要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。One more effort，and youll succeed.再努力一下，你会成功。夯实基础(1)语法填空Give me a chance，Ill give you a wonderful surprise.Seize the chance，you wont have one any more.(2)Lend her a hand，and she will be grateful to you.(用含有条件句的复合句改写句子)If you lend her a hand，sh
21、e will be grateful to you.or/otherwiseand2 单元语法语法填空(1)Would you like some(fry)chips?(2)There are lots of(fall)leaves on the ground.(3)He looked at me with an look.Obviously he was _.(interest)(4)I wonder if this is the computer you want to have _(repair).(5)The first text books(write)for teaching En
22、glish as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.writtenfriedfalleninterestedinterestedrepaired4五年高考 最新模拟高考题组.阅读填空(2013新课标全国)Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these go
23、ods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business._Commonly called nonprofits，However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.71these organizations are primarily nongovern
24、mental service providers._Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business._One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；Examples of
25、 nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.Planning in business management has three main aspects.7273and accounting._The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监
26、管)and guidance by the management in authority._The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.7475A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual
27、work with the set standards for work.B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C.Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.D.However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover th
28、eir operating costs.E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F.In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.写作常用句翻译1.我们是敷衍了事还是采取实际措施来保护它呢？(practical)(2013江苏书面表达)_2.然而，它们也造成了一些问题，
29、如空气污染和交通堵塞。(jam)(2011江西写作)_Should we just pay lip service or take practical measures to protect it?However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.3.然而，当事情超出我的能力，我会向我的同学或老师寻求帮助。(competence)(2011安徽书面表达)_However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my
30、classmates or teachers for help.模拟题组.语法填空1.Color blind people often find it difficult to distinguish _ blue and green.2.Why did Bob cry?He couldnt bear(make)fun of like that before the whole class.3.Some newspapers seized the results as proof that global warming wasnt really happening.onbetweenbeing
31、 made4.The line is busy.Would you like to hang?OK.5.Have you got?No.I had the wrong number.6.One talk with the student，I believe，you will find Tom is very outgoing.7.Hardmy brother studied，he wasnt qualified enough for a good university.asonthroughand8.“Its such a nice place.”Mother said as she sat
32、at the table(reserve)for customers.9.Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one(repair)first is the library.10.I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond(recognize).recognitionreservedto be repaired.单句改错1.It was hard to distinguish one twin about another._2.
33、Ralph tapped me on my shoulder._3.The boy told his parents that he would go to school but in the truth he didnt._4.It was late in 2008 that he set out shooting the film._5.Someone called me on at midnight，only to find he dialled the wrong number._aboutfrommythe去掉truth前的theoutabout或shootingto shooton
34、up6.Hang on the strap；the bus is about to start._7.I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some for case._8.You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of the shape._9.Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard._10.Every time when I call on him，he is out._on后加上toforin去掉thethatwhen去掉when.写作句式升级训练The task is difficult，but it is worth doing.(用相应的高级词汇改写句子)The task is challenging，but rewarding.