1、专题十五 推理判断专题【3年模拟】Passage1Fifteen-year-oldDavidhadspentsixmonthsplanningahiketothebottomoftheGrandCanyon(大峡谷)withhisclassmates.Noonecouldhaveknownitwouldendintragedy.Whenthegrouparrivedatthestartingpointforthehike,theyfoundtherewasaproblemwiththeirpermit.Tosolveit,thefiveboysandthreeleaderswalkedback
2、uptotherangerstation(护林站)onlytofinditwasclosed.Whentheboysgotmoving,theydalreadydrunkmostoftheirwater.Intheburningsun,temperaturesreacheda115F.Eventheleaderswerehavingtroublewalkingon.ButthegroupfinallymadeitdowntothebottomoftheGrandCanyon.Heatevilwasoccurring. “Mysonmadeitabout100yardsfromtherivera
3、ndthendropped,” sayshisfather,Robin.Twoboysofthemracedtotherivertogethimwater.Whentheboysarrived,thelastrafting(漂筏运动)tripofthedaywaspassingby.Asluckwouldhaveit,amongthewaitingriderswereafewdoctors.TheyrushedtogiveDavidfirstaid.Butitwastoolate.Davidpassedawayfromtheheatevil.Itsbeen21yearssincetheboys
4、death,andhikingstillholdsastrongmemoryofDavidforhisfamily.Thesummerbeforethetragedy,hisfatherhadalongtimetodevotetohisfamily.DavidandhisdadspentthesummerhikingallovertheHighUintas,wheresnow-cappedpeaksreflecttowersoverglacier(冰川)-formedlakes.ThephotoRobintookofChristmasMeadowstherewontheReadersDiges
5、t “FromSeatoShiningSea” photocontestandappearedontheJuly2017magazinecover.ToRobin,itisntjustafascinatinglandscapeitsalsoapowerfulreminderofhislateson.1.HowmanypeopledoesDavidsgroupconsistof?A.11.B.10.C.9.D.8.2.Whatdoesthesentence “Eventheleaderswerehavingtroublewalkingon.” inParagraph3suggest?A.Thel
6、eadersweretallerandolder.B.Theleaderscoveredashorterdistance.C.Theleaderswerehealthierandstronger.D.Thetroublethegroupfacedwassogreatastobebeyondexpectation.3.WheredidRobintakethephotowhichwontheReadersDigest “FromSeatoShiningSea” photocontest?A.OntheHighUintas.B.WhereDavidhadbeento.C.IntheGrandCany
7、on.D.IntheChristmasMeadows.4.Whatdoesthepassageintendtotellusmainly?A.Takeenoughwaterwithyouwhenhiking.B.DonthiketotheGrandCanyonintoohotweather.C.Robinstillmisseshislateson,David.D.Doctorscantnecessarilysucceedinsavingeverypatient.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。戴维和同学们去大峡谷徒步旅游,由于缺少经验死于高温。如今,在戴维去世前的那个夏季他和父亲一起攀登HighUin
8、tas时所拍的一张照片在读者文摘举办的“FromSeatoShiningSea”摄影比赛中获得大奖,并刊登在了读者文摘的封面上。对于父亲罗宾来说,该照片不仅包含迷人的风景,还包含着对儿子戴维的无限怀念。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:戴维的那个组由多少人组成?根据第二段中的“thefiveboysandthreeleaderswalkedbackuptotherangerstation”可知那组人共8人(5+3=8),故答案为D项。2.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:第三段中“Eventheleaderswerehavingtroublewalkingon.”这个句子暗示着什么?该句子的句意是:甚
9、至领队们继续前行都很困难。一般来说远足领队都是经验更丰富、身体更健康、体力更好的人,如果他们都感到困难,可见当时他们面临的困难很大,故答案为D项。3.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:罗宾在读者文摘举办的“FromSeatoShiningSea”摄影比赛中获奖的那张照片是在哪里照的?第六段中的“ThephotoRobintookofChristmasMeadowsthere”中的“there”指代第五段最后一句中的“theHighUintas”,故答案为A项。4.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:本文主要想告诉我们什么?根据第六段中的“itsalsoapowerfulreminderofhislateso
10、n”可知作者想告诉我们罗宾对已故儿子戴维的怀念之情,故答案为C项。Passage2FLORIDADustinTheobald,30,hadbeenlyingonasurfboardatFernandinaBeachontheAtlanticcoastofFloridawhenhesaidhefeltsomethingpullathisfoot. “Itoucheditshead.Icouldfeelitwasroughskin,” hetoldFoxNews,adding, “Itwasntlikefishskin.Youknow,sharkskinhasgotaroughedge.”“Ass
11、oonasItookmyfirststep,Icouldtellthatthebottomofmyfootwasopen,” Mr.Theobaldsaidashestruggledtogetoutofthewaterwithhiseight-year-oldson.Anursesharkhadtornthroughthetendons(腱)onthetopofhisrightfootandgashedopenthebottomofit.HetoldFirstCoastNewshe“wastryingtowarneveryoneout.Therewerealotofpeoplearoundme
12、thatIfeltshouldprobablygetoutofthewater”.Mr.Theobaldwasrushedtohospitalanddoctorshavetoldhimbecauseofthetendonandnerve(神经)damage,hewillrequiretwosurgeriesandmonthsofphysicaltherapyinordertofullyrecover.AccordingtoacrowdfundingpagesetupbyMrTheobaldsbrother,thevictimworksasa “one-manhandymanandrunshis
13、ownbusinesssotherewillbenoincomewhileheisrecoveringforatleastsixweeks”.Sofar,hehasraisedalittleover$3,000ofhis$15,000goal.Mr.TheobaldhadwritteninaFacebookpost, “Itscrazythatithappened,butdontletthisscareyoufromgettinginthewater.ThisisaoneinamillionthingandIpromiseyouitwontstopme.”1.Whatcanweinferfro
14、mthepassage?A.Mr.Theobaldwasnthurtseriously.B.Mr.Theobaldsbrotherhasraised$15,000.C.Manypeoplewerenotawareofthedangeratfirst.D.Mr.Theobaldwillnotgetintothewaterinthefuture.2.HowdidMr.Theobaldfeelafterthesharkattack?A.Depressed.B.Optimistic.C.Upset.D.Doubtful.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefor
15、thenewsreport?A.DustinTheobaldsharkattackvictimB.IncidenthappenedatFernandinaBeachC.DustinTheobaldfoughtagainstnursesharkD.CrowdfundingpagesetupbyMr.Theobaldsbrother答案语篇解读本文为新闻报道。文章报道了佛罗里达州的DustinTheobald在和他的儿子在海上玩滑板时遭受鲨鱼袭击的这一事件。1.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从文中我们可以推测出什么?根据第二段中的“HetoldFirstCoastNewshe wastryingto
16、warneveryoneout.TherewerealotofpeoplearoundmethatIfeltshouldprobablygetoutofthewater”可知“开始时许多人没有意识到危险”,故答案为C项。2.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被鲨鱼袭击后,Theobald先生感觉如何?根据最后一段中的“.butdontletthisscareyoufromgettinginthewater.ThisisaoneinamillionthingandIpromiseyouitwontstopme.”可知Theobald先生仍然很乐观,故答案为B项。3.A主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本篇新
17、闻报道的最佳题目是什么?本文是围绕DustinTheobald遭受鲨鱼袭击这一事件展开的,故答案为A项。Passage3The2018WorldCupwasheldinRussia.Whilemostsoccerfanswereenjoyingtheactionfromhome,thispairofColombianationalfootballteamsupporterswereattractingpubliceyesforhowtheytookpartinthegame.AvideoofDazacelebratingColombiasvictoryoverPolandwithhisfrie
18、ndGallegohasbeenpopularonline.Gallegolostbothhissightandhishearingatninebecauseofanuncommondiseasewhichoftenleadstototallossofsightandhearing.Fortunately,GallegohasafriendcalledDaza.Thetwomenmetafewyearsagoandinstantlybondedovertheirloveofthesport.BothenthusiasticColombianationalfootballteamsupporte
19、rs,theybeganattendingmatchestogether.DazataughthimselfsignlanguageandtheydevelopedaseriesofhandgesturessothatDazacouldcommunicatewithGallegoduringgames.Eventually,Dazacreatedaboardthatimitatedthelayoutofasoccerfield.Withsignalsforthingslike “offside” calls,fouls(犯规)andredcards,DazacreatedawayforGall
20、egotofollowalongwiththefieldofplaybymovingGallegoshandsacrossthesoccerboard.Theygainedmediaattentionlastyear,butamorerecentvideoofthepairsupportingtheirhometeaminagroupstagematchagainstPolandattheWorldCuphasofficiallybecomepopular.Inthevideo,DazaisguidingGallegoshandsacrossthesoccerboardastheactionp
21、laysoutonthefield.Astheteamscorestheirfirstgoal,DazaquicklyguidesGallegoshandsacrossthesoccerboard,stoppingwhenhereachestheopposingteamsnet.Fromthere,thecelebrationbegins.ThoughGallegocantseeorhear,ahugfromhisfriendisenoughforhimtorealizehisteamisontheirwaytovictory.1.DazaandGallegogainedwideattenti
22、onbecausethey.A.usedaspecialwayincelebrationofvictoryB.wenttoRussiatowatchthe2018WorldCupC.experiencedthe2018WorldCupinauniquewayD.wereinfirmsupportofColombianationalfootballteam2.WhatresultedinGallegosblindnessanddeafness?A.Abirthfault.B.Poorlivingconditions.C.Aseriousaccident.D.Araredisease.3.What
23、canbeknownaboutDazaandGallegofromParagraph3?A.Theystudiedsignlanguagetogether.B.Theirfriendshipstartedwithfootball.C.Theykneweachotherwhentheywerechildren.D.Theircommoninterestisdevelopinghandgestures.4.HowcanGallegoknowhisteamiswinning?A.FromDazashug.B.FromDazasfacialexpressions.C.FromDazasquickhan
24、dmovements.D.Fromtheopposingteamsbrokennet.答案语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述丧失视力和听力的Gallego在好朋友Daza的帮助下体验了2018年世界杯足球赛的故事。1.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:Daza和Gallego受到广泛的关注是因为他们。根据文章第一段的“.attractingpubliceyesforhowtheytookpartinthegame”以及最后两段内容可以推断,他们俩获得广泛关注是因为他们以一种独特的方式体验了2018年世界杯足球赛。2.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:是什么导致Gallego看不见并听不见的?根据文章第二段
25、中的“Gallegolostbothhissightandhishearingatninebecauseofanuncommondisease.”可知,Gallego丧失视力和听力是因为一种罕见的疾病,故答案为D项。3.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第三段中关于Daza和Gallego我们知道什么?根据文章第三段中的“Thetwomenmetafewyearsagoandinstantlybondedovertheirloveofthesport.BothenthusiasticColombianationalfootballteamsupporters,they.”(这两个人几年前相识,由于
26、他们都热爱这项运动立刻就成了亲密的朋友。都是哥伦比亚国家足球队的热心的支持者,他们)可以推断出:他们的友谊始于足球,故答案为B项。4.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:Gallego是如何知道他所支持的队要获胜的?根据文章最后一段的“ThoughGallegocantseeorhear,ahugfromhisfriendisenoughforhimtorealizehisteamisontheirwaytovictory.”可知,Daza的拥抱使Gallego明白自己支持的球队快赢了。Passage4“RosietheRiveter(铆工)” isthenameofafictionalcharact
27、erwhocametosymbolizethemillionsofrealwomenwhofilledAmericasfactoriesduringWorldWar.AftertheJapanesebombingofPearlHarborinDecember1941,themaleworkforcewascalledtofilltheranksoftheU.S.military.TheU.S.governmentconductedextensivecampaignstoencouragewomentojointheworkforce.SaturdayEveningPostscoverartis
28、t,NormanRockwell,isgenerallycreditedwithcreatingoneofthepopular “RosietheRiveter” imagesusedtoencouragewomentobecomewartimeworkers.Rockwellsimagefeaturesastrongwomantakingherlunchbreakwitharivetgunonherlap.Herlunchboxreads “Rosie”.Rockwells “Rosie”posterappearedonthecoveroftheMay29th,1943editionofth
29、ePost,whichwasthenoneofthenationsmostpopularmagazines.InadditiontoRockwells “Rosie”,however,anotherimagewastobecomethemorecommonlyknown “RosietheRiveter” image.In1942,J.HowardMillerwashiredbytheWestinghouseCompanytocreateaseriesofposterstomotivatefemaleemployees.Oneofthesepostersbecamethefamous “WeC
30、anDoIt!” imageanimagethatinlateryearswouldalsobecomeknownbymanyas “RosietheRiveter”.TheposterusedexclusivelywithinWestinghousefactorieswasonlydisplayedfortwoweeksinFebruary1943.Itwasonlyin1982some40yearslaterthatthisimagebegantobeassociatedwith “RosietheRiveter”.BothimagesRockwellsandMillerswereused
31、tohelpmotivatetheWorldWarworkforce,butinMillerscase,perhapsonlyatWestinghousefactories.Andinlateryears,uptothepresenttime,bothoftheimageshavebecomeiconic(偶像的)symbolsofwomensstrugglesforrightsandareoccasionallyadaptedforothercausesandpoliticalcampaignsaswell.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatproblemwastheU
32、SAfacedwithaftertheJapanesebombingofPearlHarbor?A.Shortageoffood.B.Economiccrises.C.Populationboom.D.Lackofworkforce.2.WhichofthefollowingposterswascreatedbyNormanRockwell?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “exclusively”mean?A.Quite.B.Only.C.Perhaps.D.Often.4.ComparedwithMillersimage,Rockwells.A.ismoremean
33、ingfulatthepresenttimeB.wasmorepracticalinrecruitingsoldiersC.wasmorepopularduringthewartimeD.wasmorerealisticindescribingwomen答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,介绍了二战期间两幅海报的由来。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据本文,在日本轰炸珍珠港后,美国面临什么问题?根据第二段内容可知:1941年在日本轰炸珍珠港后,男性劳动力被应征入伍。美国政府鼓励女人成为劳动力。由此可见本题答案为D项(劳动力短缺)。A:食物短缺;B:经济危机;C:人口激增。2.A细节理解题。本题题干意为
34、:下面海报中哪张海报是NormanRockwell创作的?根据第三段对海报的描述“Rockwellsimagefeaturesastrongwomantakingherlunchbreakwitharivetgunonherlap.Herlunchboxreads Rosie.”(在Rockwell所创作的那幅图上,一个强壮的女人在午饭休息时,大腿上还放着一支铆钉枪。她的餐盒上写着“Rosie”。)可知图A为正确答案。3.B猜测词义题。本题题干意为:画线词“exclusively”的意思是什么?根据画线词所在句子中的“only”可推知exclusively意为“仅仅”,故答案为B项。4.C推理
35、判断题。本题题干意为:与Miller的画作相比,Rockwell的画作。结合第三段中的“Rockwells Rosieposter.,whichwasthenoneofthenationsmostpopularmagazines.”和第四段中的“TheposterusedexclusivelywithinWestinghousefactorieswasonlydisplayedfortwoweeksinFebruary1943.Itwasonlyin1982some40yearslaterthatthisimagebegantobeassociatedwith RosietheRiveter.
36、”可推知:在二战期间Rockwell的画作比Miller的画作更流行。故答案为C项。高级语块fictionalcharacter虚构的人物长难句SaturdayEveningPostscoverartist,NormanRockwell,isgenerallycreditedwithcreatingoneofthepopular “RosietheRiveter” imagesusedtoencouragewomentobecomewartimeworkers.用于鼓励女性成为战时工人的流行海报之一的“铆工露丝”形象的创作被普遍归功于星期六晚邮报的封面艺术家NormanRockwell。本句的
37、主干是:SaturdayEveningPostscoverartistisgenerallycreditedwithcreatingoneofthepopular “RosietheRiveter” images;NormanRockwell作同位语,过去分词短语usedtoencouragewomentobecomewartimeworkers作后置定语。Passage5Asmallfamilyapproached.Thedaughterwasyoungandpretty.HernamewasBlair,andshewasobviouslyleaving.Herparentswerenot.
38、Thethreegazedatthecrowdandbegantheirwait.Blairwastwenty-three,freshfromgraduateschoolwithahandsomersum(简历)butnotreadyforacareer.AfriendfromcollegewasinAfricaasavolunteerforPeaceWork,whichhadinspiredBlairtodevotethenexttwoyearstohelpingothers.HerassignmentwasineasternPeru,whereshewouldteachprimitivel
39、ittlechildrenhowtoread.Shewouldliveinahutwithnomodernconveniences,noelectricityandnophones,andshewasanxioustobeginherjourney.TheflightwouldtakehertoMiami,thentoLima,thenbybusforthreedaysintothemountains,intoanothercentury.Forthefirsttimeinheryoungandshelteredlife,BlairwouldspendChristmasawayfromhome
40、.Luther,herfather,wassadthatBlairwasleaving.Thegood-byeshadallbeensaid.“Areyousurethisiswhatyouwant?”hadbeenaskedforthehundredthtime.Then,thefirstannouncementwasmade,theoneaskingthoseinfirstclasstocomeforward.“Iguesswedbettergo,”Luthersaidtohisdaughter,hisonlychild.Theyhuggedagainandfoughtbackthetea
41、rs.Blairsmiledandsaid,“Theyearwillflyby.IllbehomenextChristmas.”Nora,hermother,bitherlip,noddedandkissedheroncemore.“Pleasebecareful,”shesaidbecauseshecouldntstopsayingit.“Illbefine.”Theyreleasedherandwatchedhelplesslyasshejoinedalonglineandinchedaway,awayfromthem,awayfromhomeandsecurityandeverythin
42、gshedeverknown.Theyturnedandgotintoendlesssadness.1.WhatsthereasonforBlairsdecisiontohelpothers?A.Hercollegesrequirement.B.Herfriendsbehavior.C.Hersuccessfulcareer.D.Herparentssupport.2.Whatwerethefamilywaitingfor?A.TheflighttoMiami.B.TheflighttoLima.C.Thebustothemountains.D.Thebustoanothercentury.3
43、.WhichwordscanbestdescribeLutherandNorasfeelings?A.Pleasedandappreciative.B.Indifferentandcold.C.Heartbrokenbutrelaxed.D.Understandingbutworried.4.WhatcanweinferaboutBlairinthepassage?A.Shewastwenty-threeyearsold.B.Shewastiredofcitylife.C.Shewouldbeinfirstclassontheflight.D.SheusedtospendChristmasin
44、Peru.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。一对夫妇去机场送要去南美洲做志愿者的女儿,他们的内心充满了对女儿的理解和担心。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的AfriendfromcollegewasinAfrica.helpingothers.可知答案为B项。2.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知他们正在等待去迈阿密的飞机,故答案为A项。3.D推理判断题。从最后五段中可以看出Blair的父母对她的决定既理解又担心,故答案为D项。4.C推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可推知Blair将坐头等舱,故答案为C项;第一段中“Blairwastwenty-three,.”是文章直接给出的信息,不必推断,故排除A项;
45、其他两项均未提及或暗示,故全被排除。高级语块fightbackthetears强忍泪水inchaway慢慢地走开Passage6YouthfootballteammembersrescuedmorethantwoweeksaftersuddenfloodingtrappedtheminacaveinThailandarenowbeingwelllookedafteratahospitalinthenortherncityofChiangRai.Inadditiontotreatingtheboysforpotentialbodyfluidloss,inadequatenutritionandl
46、ackofoxygen,theirdoctorsalsoplantocloselymonitorthemforsymptomsofdiseasesthatmayhavebeeninfectedbyanimalslivinginthecave.“Thenextstepistomakesurethosekidsandtheirfamiliesaresafe,becauselivinginacaveprovidesadifferentenvironment,whichmightcontainanimalsthatcouldtransmit.disease,” saidthelocalhospital
47、.Theboysandtheirfamilymembershavebeentoldtowatchforsymptomssuchasheadache,nausea(反胃),musclepainordifficultybreathing,thereportsadded.Yetbasedonthelocationwheretheboysweretrappedmorethanfourkilometersfromthecavecomplexsmainentrance,pastsomefullysubmergedpassagesandthefacttheyhavebeenswimmingoutwearin
48、gfullscubafacemasks,itseemsunlikelythattheywerelivingwithbatsinthecaveorbreathedinbat-associatedbacteriaduringtheirrescue,severalinfectiousdiseaseexpertssaid. “Itshardtoimaginebatsgotthatdeepintothecavebecauseofallthosenarrowpassageways,butitispossible,” saysIanLipkin,ananimalexpertandprofessoratthe
49、MailmanSchoolofPublicHealthatColumbiaUniversity. “Itsunlikelythattherewouldbemanyanimalsinthere,” notesJonathanEpstein,adoctoratEcoHealthAlliance,anonprofitorganizationthatstudiesdiseasesandhowtopreventthem.Batstypicallyliketorestinareastheycaneasilyenterandexit,notinplacesthatfullyflood,headds.Bats
50、inThailandhavebeenlinkedwithawiderangeofvirusesthataresimilartosevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)Lipkinsays.Butitseemsmorelikelytheboyswouldhavebeenexposedtoinfection-causingbacteriawhentheyswamthroughthedirtywaterwithcutsandscrapes. “Ifyouaretryingtoprioritizeissueswithrespecttohealthcareforthese
51、kids,numberonewouldbepsychologicaldamageandsecondwillbebacterialinfectionsfromthecutsandscrapestheymayhaveencountered,” Lipkinsays.1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthepotentialsymptomoftherescuedteammembers?A.Lackingbodywater.B.Unbalancednutrition.C.Painintheheadandmuscles.D.Adequateo
52、xygen.2.Theunderlinedword “submerged” inParagraph3means.A.underthewaterB.wildanddangerousC.withanimalsD.bat-associated3.Whichistrueaboutthecaveandthetrappedpeople?A.JonathanEpsteinthoughtitpossiblefortheteammemberstobeattackedbybatsinthefully-floodedcave.B.Lipkinarguedbatswerenotabletogetdeepintothe
53、narrowcavewherethekidsweretrapped.C.Lipkinsaidthevictimsmightbeinfectedwhentheirbodieswereexposedtobacterialwaterduringtherescue.D.Lipkinbelievedthemostimportantissueforthecave-trappedteenagerswasaninfectiousbacteriaexamination.4.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Anacademicessayaboutbats.B.Anewspapera
54、rticle.C.Amedicalmagazine.D.AThaiwebsiteaboutsports.答案语篇解读本文为新闻报道。在泰国的一个可能住满蝙蝠的山洞里,青年足球队队员因洪水被困两周多,他们被营救之后,在北部城市清莱的一家医院里得到了很好的照顾。专家说泰国的蝙蝠与许多类似于SARS的病毒有联系,在救援过程中,当他们的身体暴露在有细菌的水中时,他们可能会被感染。1.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:根据本文,下面哪一项不是被营救队员的潜在症状?根据第一段中“Inadditiontotreatingtheboysforpotentialbodyfluidloss,inadequatenutr
55、itionandlackofoxygen,theirdoctorsalsoplantocloselymonitorthemforsymptomsofdiseasesthatmayhavebeeninfectedbyanimalslivinginthecave.”可知:Adequateoxygen不是获救的队员的潜在症状,故选D。2.A猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第三段中画线词“submerged”的意思是。根据第三段第一句(然而根据那些男孩被困的位置从洞穴建筑群的正门进去走了4公里多,经过了一些完全被淹没的通道以及他们一直带着潜水面罩游泳这一事实,他们在被营救期间和蝙蝠在洞里生活在一起并吸入与蝙
56、蝠相关的细菌似乎不太可能)可推知画线词的意思是“被淹没的”,故选A项。3.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:关于那个山洞及被困的人们哪一项是对的?根据最后一段中第一、二句(利普金说,泰国的蝙蝠与许多类似于严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)的病毒有联系。但似乎更有可能的是,当男孩子们带伤在脏水里游过时,他们可能会接触到引起感染的细菌。)可知:在救援过程中,当他们的身体暴露在有细菌的水中时,他们可能会被感染。故选C项。4.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:本文的文本类型是什么?通读全文可知:本文既不是有关蝙蝠的学术论文、一本医学杂志,也不是一个关于体育的泰国网站,而是一篇新闻报道。故选B项。Passage7Bik
57、esharinghavebecomepopularwordsincitiesfromCapeTowntoShanghaitoMelbourne.Planners,politiciansandthemediakeepshowingofftheirbenefits:reducingpollution,congestion,travelcostsandoildependence,whileimprovingpublichealth.Bikesharingalsohelpsmakecitiesappearmodern,dynamicandworldwidequalitiesmuchsoughtafte
58、rbythecreativeclass.Butwhatmakesforasuccessfulpublicbike-sharingprogram?Thisisanimportantquestionbecauseinstallingonerequiressignificantpublicandprivateinvestmentandadjustmenttothebuiltenvironment.Whilemanyprogramshavebeenlaunchedamongmuchpraise,oftentheirpopularityhassoondeclined.Manyendupoperating
59、atafinanciallossanddependonotherprofitableenterprisestocross-subsidize(交叉补贴)them.Somehaveresultedinthrown-awaybikesbecominganeyesore.Understandingwhichfactorsenhanceorstoppublicbikesharingiscriticalinhelpingcitiesdecidewhethersuchaprogramisworkable,beforeconsideringwhatdesignandsittingwillworkbest.D
60、rawingoncurrentknowledge,wediscusstheimportanceofthelocallandscape,climate,cyclinginfrastructure(基础设施)andlanduse.Wealsotouchonotherfactors,suchasthelegalenvironmentandthecharacteristicsofthebike-sharingprogramitself.Takethenaturalenvironmentforexample.Twonaturalenvironmentfactorsareknowntoaffectpart
61、icipation:hillinessandweather.Hillinessdiscouragesbalancedbike-sharinguse,asusersavoidreturningbicyclestostationsonhilltops.Thosestationsendupbeingempty,whilestationsonflatareasareoftenfull,souserscannotfindastationtoreturntheirbikes.Asforweather,idealtemperaturerangesvarybytheclimatezone.Casestudie
62、sshowwarmanddryweatherencouragespublicbike-sharinguse.Rainandstrongwindreducethefrequencyoftrips.However,someapproaches,suchasprovidingsheltered,shaded,orevenheatedorcooledcyclinginfrastructure,couldproveuseful.1.WhatcanweinferaboutbikesharingfromParagraph1?A.Ithasnodisadvantage.B.Itiswelcomedworldw
63、ide.C.Itcansolveeveryproblem.D.Itisthesymbolofmoderncities.2.Whatisthecurrentsituationofbike-sharingprograms?A.Manyofthemrunataloss.B.Mostofthemmakehugeprofits.C.Theyarethemostpromisingbusiness.D.Theirdevelopmentisdeterminedbypublicinvestment.3.Whydoestheauthormentionthenaturalenvironment?A.Toshowus
64、ersinterestinvariousnaturalenvironmentfactors.B.Toshowthedecisivefunctionofthenaturalenvironment.C.Toshowthenecessityofbike-sharingprograms.D.Toshowthesignificanceofsomefactors.4.Whichofthefollowingmightincreasebike-sharinguse?A.Hilliness.B.Attractivebikes.C.Rainandstrongwind.D.Perfectcyclinginfrast
65、ructure.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。共享单车已成为城市热词,但如何使共享单车这一项目获得成功需要做很多事情。1.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:关于共享单车,从第一段中我们可推断出什么?根据文章第一段尤其是第一段中最后一句“Bikesharingalsohelpsmakecitiesappearmodern,dynamicandworldwidequalitiesmuchsoughtafterbythecreativeclass.”可知:共享单车在世界各地受到了欢迎,故答案为B项。A项“它没有缺点”,C项“它可以解决所有问题”过于绝对,故被排除;D项“它是现代城市的标志”在文中并未被暗示,故
66、也被排除。2.A细节理解题。本题题干意为:共享单车项目的现状是什么?根据第三段第二句“Manyendupoperatingatafinancialloss.”(许多最终以亏损经营告终)可知答案为A项。3.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者为什么提及自然环境?作者在第四段中指出:了解哪些因素促进或阻碍公共自行车共享的发展在帮助城市对这样一个项目是否可行做出决定至关重要。在第六段作者又以环境为例来说明一些因素的重要性,故答案为D项。4.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:下面哪一项可能会提高共享单车的使用率?根据文章最后一句“However,someapproaches,suchasprovidingshe
67、ltered,shaded,orevenheatedorcooledcyclinginfrastructure,couldproveuseful.”(然而,一些诸如提供遮阳棚甚至提供可自动加热或自动制冷的自行车基础设施被证明是有用的)可知答案为D项。Passage8Cameronisnoordinarydog,notjustbecausehewasbornonValentinesDay.ToMaggie,afirstgraderatBurgundyFarmCountryDaySchool,thedogwhospendsmostdaysoncampusismorelikeafriend.When
68、Cameronisnear,Maggiefeels “really,really,happy”.Shesaid, “Ifeelsafearoundhim.”“Hellliedownandaskmetoscratchhistummy,”sheadded,becauseCameronlikesMaggie.CameronisoneofahandfulofdogsatBurgundy,aK-8privatedayschoolinAlexandria,Virginia.Dogsstartedshowinguptherewhentheheadoftheschool,JeffSindler,brought
69、hisclumsyLabrador,Luke,tothemainofficebuildingwhereSindlerworked.AfterLukedied,SindleradoptedCameronandbroughthimtocampus,too,wherethedogMaggiedescribedas “reallycute”becameaschoolfavorite.“Theydontcareifyouregoodatbasketball,oragreatreader,orpopular,”Sindlersaid. “Theyjustwanttobelovedequalopportun
70、ity,”headded. “Cameronandtheotherdogsoncampusarealwaysfastenedwitharopeandwiththeirownersgoalongwaytowardimprovingstudentssocialandemotionalwell-being,” hesaid.Theyreducetensionandeaseanxietyfromstudents,andinspirethemwithhappyfeelings.“Theybringoutsomeimportantemotions,”hesaid,“andareespeciallyhelp
71、fultochildrenandadultswhostruggleinsocialcommunication.”Childrenoftencamefromchallengingbackgrounds:manylivedinpoverty,orhadtotravelthroughdangerousneighborhoodstogettoschool,orsharedatoo-crowdedhome.Whentheseemotionallyneedychildrenmetthedogs,theyrelaxedandweremorepreparedtolearn.Justasimportant,do
72、gsonschoolgroundssetapositive,welcomingtone.Theyhelppreservetheschoolclimatethatisaccepting,supportiveandcurious.“Dogsareonewaytoholdontothat,”Sindlersaid,addingthat “schoolsshouldbefunandexciting,anddogscanbeabigpartofthat”.ForSindler,includingCameronwasallpartofanefforttocreateasafeenvironmentwher
73、elearningcouldflourish.1.WhatmakesthedogCameronreallyspecial?A.Hisrarecategory.B.Hisparticularbirthmark.C.Hisattractiveappearance.D.Hiscompanionablenature.2.Howdodogsoncampusimprovestudentssocialandemotionalwell-being?A.Byplayingfetchtogetherfondly.B.Byofferingthemcomfortequally.C.Byplayingbasketbal
74、ltogetherfreely.D.Bywalkingalongwaytogetherhappily.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “that”inParagraph5referto?A.Apositivetone.B.Theschoolgrounds.C.Awelcomingattitude.D.Theschoolatmosphere.4.Whatsthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toencourageschoolstobringinmoredogs.B.Toexplainwhydogshelpstudentswithlearning.C.Toin
75、troduceawaytohelpstudentsgrowhealthily.D.Toexplorethepossibilitytochallengeno-dogrules.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,讲述了有关一所学校养狗而使学生们健康成长的事。1.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:什么使得那条名叫Cameron的狗很独特?根据文章第一段所给信息“thedogwhospendsmostdaysoncampusismorelikeafriend”以及“Hellliedownandaskmetoscratchhistummy”可推断出 Cameron友善的特性,故答案为D项(它友善的特性)。A:它稀有的
76、品种;B:它独特的胎记;C:它有吸引力的外表。2.B细节理解题。本题题干意为:在校园里的那些狗是如何改善学生们在社交、情绪方面的健康的?根据文章第三段的描述,狗狗们并不在乎你是否是篮球高手,是否喜欢阅读,也不在乎你是否受大家欢迎。它们只想要平等地被爱,它们减轻学生们的紧张和焦虑,并使他们产生幸福的感觉。B项符合题意,故答案为 B项。3.D猜测词义题。本题题干意为:第五段画线词“that”指的是什么?根据画线词之前的句子 “.dogsonschoolgroundssetapositive,welcomingtone.Theyhelppreservetheschoolclimatethatisac
77、cepting,supportiveandcurious.”可知:生活在校园的狗营造出了一种积极的、令人感到惬意的氛围。它们有助于保持这种包容的、支持的和好奇的学校氛围。因此可知此处 that 指代上文中的“theschoolclimate”,故答案为 D项。4.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:本文的写作意图是什么?根据全文内容可知,本文介绍了校园里养狗有助于学生的健康成长这一主题,故答案为 C项。高级语块well-beingn.健康,安乐长难句AfterLukedied,SindleradoptedCameronandbroughthimtocampus,too,wherethedogMaggi
78、edescribedas “reallycute”becameaschoolfavorite.当Luke死后,Sindler收养了Cameron并也把它带到了校园,在那里被Maggie描述为“真的很可爱”的这只狗成了学校的宠儿。本句的主干是:SindleradoptedCameronandbroughthimtocampus,too;wherethedog.becameaschoolfavorite为非限制性定语从句,修饰campus;Maggiedescribedas “reallycute”为定语从句,修饰thedog。Passage9MyfatherwasataxidriverbutIa
79、makingKingRenato,ofthecountryPontinha,anislandonFunchalharbour.ItsinMadeira,Portugal,whereIgrewup.Itwasdiscoveredin1419;CaptainCookoncecamehere.In1903,thePortuguesegovernmentdidnthaveenoughmoneytobuildaharbourport,sothekingsoldthelandtoawealthyBritishfamily,theBlandys,whomakeMadeirawine.Fourteenyear
80、sago,thefamilydecidedtosellitforjust25,000(19,500).IdecidedtobuyitthoughIhadnomoneyIwasjustanartteacher.Itriedtofindsomebusinesspartners,buttheyallthoughtIwascrazytowanttobuywhatisactuallyalargerock;ithasasmallcave,aplatformontop,andnoelectricityorrunningwater.SoIsoldsomeofmypossessions,putmysavings
81、togetherandboughtit.WhenthekingofPortugaloriginallysoldtheislandin1903,heandallthegovernorssignedadocument,sellingall “thepossessionsandthedominions(领土)” oftheisland.ItmeansIcandowhatIwantwithitIcouldstartarestaurant,oracinema,butnobodythoughtthatsomeonewouldwanttostartacountry.SothatswhatIdid:Ideci
82、dedthatthiswouldnolongerbejustarockontheportofFunchal.Itwouldbemyisland,aboutthesizeofaone-bedroomhouse.AfterIboughtit,thegovernorofMadeiraaskedtobuymyisland.Ofcourse,Isaidno.HesaidthatunlessIsolditbacktothestate,hewouldntletmeconnecttoanyelectricity.ButIhaveasolarpanelandasmallwindmill,andmaybeinth
83、efutureIwillbeabletogeneratepowerfromtheoceanaroundPontinha.1.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoshowbymentioninghisfather?A.Hehadaroyalfamily.B.Helovedhisfamily.C.Hewasnotabornking.D.Hewasnotagooddriver.2.Whosoldtheislandtotheauthor?A.APortugueseking.B.Anartteacher.C.TheBlandyfamily.D.CaptainCook.3.Howdidthewr
84、iterstartthecountry?A.Hediscoveredtheisland.B.Hefoundbusinesssupporters.C.Hewassupportedbycitizensontheisland.D.Hetookadvantageoftheofficialdocument.4.WhatcanweinferaboutthecountryPontinha?A.Itisatinyisland.B.Aharborportwasbuiltonit.C.Itisawealthyland.D.Lifethereisveryconvenient.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。作者讲述了自己
85、通过购岛建立了自己的独立王国的故事。1.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者提及他的父亲想要表现什么?根据第一段首句中“MyfatherwasataxidriverbutIamaking.(我父亲曾是名出租车司机,但我是国王)”,再结合常识可推知作者提及自己的父亲是为了表达自己并非生来就是国王,故答案为C项。A:他有皇室家族;B:他爱他的家庭;D:他不是个好司机。2.C细节理解题。本题题干意为:谁把那个岛屿卖给了作者?根据第二段中信息“因为1903年葡萄牙政府没有足够的钱建港口,所以国王将这个岛屿卖给了一个富有的英国家族Blandy家族。14年前那家人决定把它以25,000欧元的价格卖掉。作者决定
86、把它买下来。”可知:Blandy家族把那个岛卖给了作者,故答案为C项。3.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者是如何建立国家的?根据第四段第一句(当1903年葡萄牙国王最初卖这个岛屿时,他和所有的总督都签署了一份文件,将岛上的所有“财产和领土”都卖掉。)可知:作者利用了那份文件建国,故答案为D项。A项(他发现了那座岛屿)与第一段最后一句(它是1419年被发现的,库克船长曾来过这里)相悖,故排除A项;B项(他找到了商业支持者)与第三段相悖,故排除B项;C项(他获得了岛上居民的支持)在文中并未提及,故被排除。4.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:对于Pontinha国我们可以推断出什么?根据第四段最后一句(
87、它会成为我的岛,大约一个卧室大小。)可推知那个岛很小,故答案为A项。高级语块solarpanel太阳能电池板generatepower发电长难句In1903,thePortuguesegovernmentdidnthaveenoughmoneytobuildaharbourport,sothekingsoldthelandtoawealthyBritishfamily,theBlandys,whomakeMadeirawine.在1903年,葡萄牙政府没有足够的钱建港口,所以国王将这个岛屿卖给了一个富有的姓Blandy的英国家庭,他们家酿制马德拉葡萄酒。并列连词so连接两个分句;在第二个分句中
88、whomakeMadeirawine为非限制性定语从句,先行词为theBlandys。Passage10EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheUS,theentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope.InChina,thespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvanka.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstrikingbeauty,asuccessfulc
89、areer,andahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldlongfor.Yes,shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.Theresalwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetterlookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyou,butthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Thereis
90、atendencyinthemedianowadaystoencourageelitism(精英主义).Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvestanenormousamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearanceimprovement,evenplasticsurgery.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysay,youcanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheupperclass.
91、Butwhatsthedownsideofbeingaverageorcommon?Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweekunlessyouareagymcrazy?Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtofitinhighsocietylater?Dontlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbein
92、gsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelife,whybothertochaseafterotherpeoplesshadows?Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.1.WhichofthefollowingaboutIvankaisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Shewasbornintoawealthyfamily.B.Shemadeitduet
93、oherfather.C.Shehasasuccessfulcareer.D.Sheisprettybeautiful.2.Whatistheauthorsattitudetowardsthetendencyinthemediaaboutelitism?A.Unconcerned.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Approving.3.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.RunafterstarsshadowsB.ElitismandtheupperclassC.TrumpandhisdaughterIvankaD.Followyourownco
94、urseinlife答案语篇解读本文为议论文。本文由美国总统特朗普的女儿伊万卡的“完美人生”引发人们的思考人们是否必须成为“精英”并过“精英生活”?1.B细节理解题。根据第二段中“strikingbeauty” “asuccessfulcareer”及“wasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”可排除A、C、D三项。B项(她是靠她的父亲成功的)与文中的“Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.”不符,故答案为B项。2.C推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可推知作者对媒体鼓励“精英主义”这一趋势持否定态度,故答案为C项。A:不关心的;B:怀疑的;D:赞成的。
95、3.D主旨大意题。作者在文章最后一句点出了本文的主题(选择你自己的路并走下去),故答案为D项。高级语块rolemodel楷模bebornwithasilverspooninonesmouth生来就很富有长难句Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.人们不应该被以是否是上层阶级的一员为基础来判断其成败。whethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot作介词on的宾语。Passage11YoungAmericansAreL
96、essWealthyThanTheirParentsThecostoflivingintheUnitedStatesisgoingup,noteswriterAlissaQuartz.AsisreportedinNewYorkPost,Quartzpointsto “thecostsofhousing,educationandhealthcareinparticular”.Atthesametime,anewstudy,thereportofwhichiscalled “TheFadingAmericanDream” foundthathalfofAmericansborninthe1980s
97、arefallingbehindtheirparentseconomically.Thesefindingsshowthatmanyyoungeradultsareexperiencing “downwardmobility”.Inotherwords,theyarenotdoingaswelleconomicallyastheirparentswereatthesameage.TheideaofdownwardmobilityisespeciallytroublingforAmericans,writesRobertSamuelsoninTheWashingtonPost.Hesaysmos
98、tU.S.citizensbelievethat,overtime,theamountofmoneytheyearnwillriseandlifewillgeteasier.AlissaQuartzwroteabookaboutthefinancialdifficultiesofAmericans.Inthebook,Quartztellsaboutteacherswhoarestrugglingtopayforregularcosts.OnehighschoolteacherdrivesforridesharingserviceUberatnighttoearnmoremoney.Hecor
99、rectsstudentspapersbetweenriders.Acollegeprofessorturnedtogovernmentassistancetofeedherchildandpayforadoctor.Quartzsaysevenlawyersincreasinglycannotearnanincomethatenablesthemtomeettheirneeds.Theproblemofdecreasingincomesintheirfieldismadeworsebydebttheymayhavefromlawschool.Quartzandtheeconomistswho
100、studiedtheseissuessaymanythingshaveledtolowerincomesanddownwardmobility.Theeconomicrecessionof2007to2009ispartlytoblame,theysay.Moderntechnologyalsoplaysapart.Quartzsaysrobotsthreatentoreducetheearningsofhealthcareworkers,reporters,andpeoplewhoworkatsupermarkets,drugstoresandtaxpreparationservices.I
101、nTheWashingtonPost,RobertSamuelsonnotedthatpoorschools,aweakhousingindustryandtoomanygovernmentrulesarealsotoblame.Withallthesethings,andmore,partlyresponsible,whatisthesolution?Theseexpertssaytheansweriscomplex.Butallpointtooneissuethatneedstobeexamined:economicinequality.QuartzwritesthatwhileAmeri
102、caisoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld,italsohasoneofthebiggestdividesbetweenthewealthyandthepoor.Theresearchersin “TheFadingAmericanDream” studymakeasimilarobservation.TheysayraisingGDPwillnotsignificantlyimprovetheeconomicsituationofmostAmericans.AhigherGDPmayhelponlythosewhoarealreadydoingwell.In
103、stead,theeconomistssay,theUnitedStatescouldtrytorepeatsomethingAmericansborninthe1940sexperienced.Asthosechildrengrewup,theyalmostallbenefitedfromabettereconomy.1.TheauthormentionstworeportsinParagraph1inorderto.A.explaintheresultsoftworesearchesB.introducehisopinionsabouttheissueC.attractreadersatt
104、entiontohealthcareD.leadtothetopicofdownwardmobility2.WhatsthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Thecausesofdownwardmobility.B.Theinfluencesofgovernmentrules.C.Thenegativeeffectsofmoderntechnology.D.TheresultsofeconomicrecessioninAmerica.3.Theauthorindicatesinthispassagethat.A.raisingGDPwillgreatlyhelpthepoorB.
105、AmericaneconomyhasabrightfutureC.youngAmericanswillrepeattheirparentsexperienceD.itsvitaltonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor4.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinAmerica,.A.peoplemissthegoodolddaysinthe1940sB.peoplearesufferingfromaworseeconomyC.peoplearepessimisticaboutfutureeconomyD.peoplecomplainalo
106、tabouteconomicchanges答案语篇解读本文为议论文。文章讲述了美国经济繁荣背后的衰退现象,并且论述了可能的原因。1.D推理判断题。根据文章反复出现的关键词downwardmobility可知,文章紧紧围绕downwardmobility展开,所以第一段给出两个例子的目的是引出这一话题,故选D。2.A主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句Quartzandtheeconomistswhostudiedtheseissuessaymanythingshaveledtolowerincomesanddownwardmobility.可知,本段主要分析了经济下滑的诱因,故选A。3.D推理判断题。
107、文章第五段在讨论可能的解决办法,其中提到QuartzwritesthatwhileAmericaisoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld,italsohasoneofthebiggestdividesbetweenthewealthyandthepoor.,由此推断把悬殊的贫富差距缩小至关重要,故选D4.B推理判断题。根据文章标题以及第一段最后一句Atthesametime,anewstudy,thereportofwhichiscalled “TheFadingAmericanDream” foundthathalfofAmericansborninthe19
108、80sarefallingbehindtheirparentseconomically.可知,美国现在的经济状况不如从前,故选B。高级语块1.thefadingAmericandream 褪色的美国梦2.betoblame(对坏事)负有责任Passage12SweatrolledoffmyforeheadasmyyoungerbrotherandIsatunderthetree.“Hi,Jason,” saidmybrother,Chad.“Doyouhearthetrain?” Ilistened,butIonlyheardthethunderinthedistance.Itwasstill
109、milesaway,butIheardit.Itgrewstrongerandlouderasitgainedspeedandgotcloser.Howcouldthatbe?Iwondered.Wewereabouttograbourbikestoseewhatitactuallywaswhenwestopped.Whatlookedlikeaflockofbirdsdarkenedtheskyoverhead.WhenIlookedatitcloser,Irealizeditwasntbirds.Itwasatornado(龙卷风).Thehairsonthebackofmynecksto
110、odupastheairturnedheavy.Thesundisappeared.Thewindstrengthenedandroared.IgrabbedChadsarmandpulledhimtowardthehouse.Itriedtoopenthedoor,butitwasasifaninvisibleforcewaspushingagainstme.Thedoorrefusedtoopen.Whenwefinallymanagedtogetinside,wefounditwasasdarkasnight.Ourfamilyhadpracticedatornadosafetyplan
111、manytimes.ButIhadneverimaginedthatitwouldbejustChadandmeathomethefirsttimeweneededtouseit.“Insidethecloset!” Iyelled.Itwassmallandcrowded,butwegotinitanyway.Chadbegantocry. “Itsgoingtobeallright,” Itoldhim.ButIwasworriedaboutMom.Ihopeshedfoundasafeplacetowaitoutthestorm.Thestormcontinuedtorage.Ihear
112、dathudontheroof.Thewholehousecreakedandgroaned.Thenitwasquiet.Iopenedthedoorandweinchedourwayoutofthecloset.Rainhadgotinthroughtheopenwindowandwetthecarpets.Akitchenwindowhadshattered,itsscreenblownaway.Ilookedatthebackyard.Thetreewasuprooted,andbrokenbrancheslayontheground.“Jason,Icantgetservice,”
113、Chadsaidasheheldthephoneinhishand.Wehadnoelectricity,either.Iglancedatthewallclock.Haditbeenonly20minutessincewedfirstheardthethunder?ThenIheardfootstepstowardthehouse.Momhadmadeithomesafely. “Boys!” sheyelled.“Areyouallright?”Weranoutandhuggedher.Thesuncameout,andthistimeitshonebrightly.1.Whentheto
114、rnadostruck,.A.theboysfeltterrifiedandaskedforhelpB.aflockofbirdsdarkenedtheskyoverheadC.theboysprotectedthemselvesinasafeplaceD.thesoundofthetraingrewstrongerandlouder2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Momhadtroublefindingtheboys.B.Jasonknewhowtodealwithatornado.C.Thetornadolastedforoverhalfanhour.D.
115、Theirhousewasfloodedbytheheavyrain.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJason?A.Calmandthoughtful.B.Cautiousandcurious.C.Dependentandsensitive.D.Creativeandactive.答案语篇解读本文是记叙文。记叙了Jason和Chad在龙卷风来袭时镇定自救的故事。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第五段前两句“Insidethecloset!” Iyelled.Itwassmallandcrowded,butwegotinitanyway.可知两兄弟在
116、龙卷风来袭时躲进壁橱里自救。2.B推理判断题。根据Jason在面临龙卷风时采取的行动:IgrabbedChadsarmandpulledhimtowardthehouse.(第三段最后一句)、“Insidethecloset!” Iyelled.(第五段第一句)以及文章第四段第四句Ourfamilyhadpracticedatornadosafetyplanmanytimes.可推知Jason知道如何应对龙卷风。3.A推理判断题。根据Jason在面临龙卷风时采取的行动以及第五段最后两句ButIwasworriedaboutMom.Ihopeshedfoundasafeplacetowaitou
117、tthestorm.可知Jason很镇定而且还惦记着妈妈。高级语块aflockof 一群长难句Akitchenwindowhadshattered,itsscreenblownaway. 厨房的窗户碎了,纱窗也被吹走了。句中的itsscreenblownaway为名词加过去分词的独立主格结构。Passage13“Iwishwehadntcomeonthistrip!” Jeffsvoiceechoedacrossthenarrowcanyon(峡谷).Hisfatherstopped,breathingheavily. “Thisishardforyou,butyouvegottocometh
118、roughwithcourage!” Hegentlyplacedhishandontheboysshoulder. “Now,IdontknowifIcanmakeitwithoutstoppingeverysooften.Youreyoung,butyourestrongandfast.Doyourememberthewaybackfromheretotheroadifyouhadtogoalone?”JeffflashedbacktothepainfulsceneofMark,hisseventeen-year-oldbrotherattheircampsite.Hewasbittenb
119、yasnakeyesterday.Thismorninghecouldntmove,andthepaingotworse.Heneededmedicalattentionrightaway.Theyhadlefttheirphoneinthecar,anditmusthavebeenoutofpowerbythen.LeavingMarkatthecampsiteandseekinghelpwastheironlychoice.“Jeff,couldyoudoit?”Jefflookedtotheendofthecanyon,severalmilesaway.Henoddedandaplanb
120、egantotakeholdinhismind.“Whatisthenameofthatlittletownwestopped,Dad?” Theremustbeahospitalthere.“Flint.WeparkedatthesideoftheroadafewmilesoutofFlint.” Jeffnodded.Thentheycontinuedclimbing.Stonebystone,theymadetheirwayupthecanyon.Gradually,Jeffsfathergrewsmallerandsmallerinthedistance.Jeffwavedtohima
121、ndthenclimbedtowardtheroad.Twohourslater,hefinallyreachedtheroadandstruggledtowardthetown,almostexhausted.“Cantstop,” hethought. “Marksinbigtrouble.Keepgoing.” Suddenly,hesawatruckheadingtowardhim. “Hey,mister!” heshouted,wavingbotharms.Hebegantojogtowardthetruck,andthenbrokeintoafull-speedrun.Hisch
122、estwasburningwitheverybreathwhenthetruckdriverstoppedbyhim.Jeffexplainedbreathlessly.ThedriverreachedforhiscellphoneassoonasheheardaboutMark. “Bettergetthehelicopterinthere,” hesaidimmediately.ButJeffwasntsureaboutthatbecauseeverythinggotunclearandthenwentblackandquiet.Hourslater,Jeffopenedhiseyesto
123、findhisfatheronachairnearby. “Youreahero,son,” hisfathersaidwithasmile. “YouhadthehelicoptersentintothecanyonafterMark.IcanttellyouhowhappyIwaswhenIsawitoverhead.Theygothimtothehospital.Hesgoingtobefinesoon.Imsoproudofyou!” 1.WhydidJeffandhisfatherclimbupthecanyon?A.Theyweregoingforrescue.B.Theywere
124、doingphysicalexercise.C.TheyweremeetingJeffsbrother.D.Theyweresearchingfortheircampsite.2.WhathappenedtoMark?A.Helosthisway.B.Helosthisphone.C.Hewashitbyatruck.D.Hewasbittenbyasnake.3.WhydidJeffsfatherlethimgoalone?A.Jeffwasfasterthanhim.B.Jeffknewthewaybetter.C.Jeffneededmoreexercise.D.Jeffpreferre
125、dgoingbyhimself.4.WhatcanbethebestwordstodescribeJeff?A.Humorousandambitious.B.Determinedandcaring.C.Cautiousandsensitive.D.Generousandkind.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。Jeff和他的哥哥Mark及父亲在峡谷中露营,Mark被蛇咬了,需要救援。父亲走不快,所以Jeff独自翻越峡谷寻求帮助,最后帮助哥哥成功脱险。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句LeavingMarkatthecampsiteandseekinghelpwastheironlychoice.以
126、及后文的故事描述可推知Jeff和父亲翻越峡谷是为了寻求救援。2.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句Hewasbittenbyasnakeyesterday.可知Mark被蛇咬了。3.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Youreyoung,butyourestrongandfast.可知父亲让Jeff先走是因为Jeff年轻力壮,走得快。4.B推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Henoddedandaplanbegantotakeholdinhismind.以及第六、七段的描述可推知Jeff意志坚定而且关心他人。高级语块1.medicalattention 医疗护理2.breakintoarun突然奔跑长
127、难句Hischestwasburningwitheverybreathwhenthetruckdriverstoppedbyhim.他的胸腔每一次呼吸都伴随灼热的疼痛,这时卡车司机在他身旁停下了。此句为bedoing.when.句式,其中when是并列连词,意为“这时,那时”,相当于andatthis/thattime。Passage14TwograduatesfromCambridgeUniversityintheUnitedKingdomfoundthemselvesabouttograduate,yetwithloans(贷款)topayoff.Thepairdecidedtobegin
128、astrange,year-longprojecttobattletheirdebt.Themen,RossHarperandEdwardMoyse,setupthewebsiteBuyMyFlastOctoberasawaytogetridofthe50,000theysharedasstudentloans.Theideabehindtheprojectwastoearnmoneybysellingtheirfacesasadvertisingspaceeverydayforayear.Eachday,theyadvertiseadifferentbusinessbypaintingthe
129、brandsnameorlogoontotheirfacesanduploadthepicturestothehomepageofBuyMyF,addingalinktotheadvertiserswebsiteandincludingashortpieceoftextaboutit.Aftertheypainttheirfacesandpublishthemonthewebsite,HarperandMoysegoouttohighlypopulatedareassuchasmusicfestivalsandthemeparkstomaximizetheirfacesexposure.The
130、yhopemorepeoplewillpayattentiontotheadvertisementsontheirfaces.Atthistime,HarperandMoysehaveadvertisedtheirfacesforoverfourmonthswithoutskippingadayandtheyremorethanhalfwaytotheirgoal.Thoughtheyfirststartedchargingaminimumofabout1.60percompany,thepriceshaverisenastheirpopularityincreases.Foradvertis
131、ingspaceduringtherestofApril,theyrangebetween250and750.TerriL.Rittenburg,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofWyoming,saidthatshehadheardofpeopletattooing(文身)logosonthemselvesbefore,butthisideaismuchbetter.Accordingtoher,atfirsttheideawouldbenewandunusualandattractattention.Peopleareinteres
132、tedinthisparticularstyleofadvertisementandwouldliketotrywhattheyadvertise.Butsheisunsurehowlongitwouldlast.Atleastfornow,companiesthathaveboughtHarperandMoysesfaceshavewrittenpositivecommentsonthepairswebsite. “Wehadathreepercentincreaseinwebsitetrafficontheverydayandfortwodaysmoreafterwards,” saido
133、neofthecompanies.1.AtBuyMyF,youcan.A.enjoyagoodchatwithyourfriendsB.buyeverythingyouwanttohaveC.shareexperiencesindoingbusinessD.getinformationoncertaingoods2.HarperandMoysegotohighlypopulatedareasto.A.offertheirhelpB.makemorefriendsC.showtheirfacesD.raisemoremoney3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetw
134、oyoungmen.A.getonwellwiththeirprojectB.workhardexceptonholidaysC.plantoopentheirowncompanyD.mayclosetheirwebsiteinfuture4.Whydoesthemensideaofadvertisingprovetowork?A.Becauseanexperthashighlypraisedthem.B.Becausepeoplefindituniqueandappealing.C.Becausetheproductstheyadvertisearereliable.D.Becausethe
135、yreceivegreathelpfrombusinesses.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。两个剑桥大学的学生为了还学贷,在自己脸上画广告挣广告费。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句Eachday,theyadvertiseadifferentbusinessbypaintingthebrandsnameorlogoontotheirfacesanduploadthepicturestothehomepageofBuyMyF,addingalinktotheadvertiserswebsiteandincludingashortpieceoftextaboutit.可知,网站上会提供广告商品
136、的相关信息,故选D项。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句Aftertheypainttheirfacesandpublishthemonthewebsite,HarperandMoysegoouttohighlypopulatedareassuchasmusicfestivalsandthemeparkstomaximizetheirfacesexposure.可知本题选C。3.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句Atleastfornow,companiesthathaveboughtHarperandMoysesfaceshavewrittenpositivecommentsonthe
137、pairswebsite.可推知两人的项目进展得很好,故选A。4.B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句Accordingtoher,atfirsttheideawouldbenewandunusualandattractattention.可知,其中的unusual对应选项中的unique,attractattention 对应选项中的appealing,故选B项。高级语块1.highlypopulatedareas 人口密集地区2.websitetraffic 网站流量长难句Eachday,theyadvertiseadifferentbusinessbypaintingthebrands
138、nameorlogoontotheirfacesanduploadthepicturestothehomepageofBuyMyF,addingalinktotheadvertiserswebsiteandincludingashortpieceoftextaboutit.每天,他们会通过把品牌的名字或商标画在脸上来给不同的企业做广告,并把图片上传到BuyMyF的主页上,同时附上广告客户的网址链接以及与其相关的一小篇文章。此句中,addingalinktotheadvertiserswebsite和includingashortpieceoftextaboutit同为分词短语作伴随状语。Pas
139、sage15TheaggressivespreadofmarketeconomicsandcommunicationtechnologiesoftenunderthecontrolofWesternmultinationalcompaniesbringsnewchallengestolocalculturesandvaluesinnon-Westernsocieties.SometimesitseemsasifatidalwaveoftheworstWesterncultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakespillo
140、utandovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandapparentlyhomogeneous(同种类的).Forsome,especiallytheyoung,changemaymeanescapefromoppressivetraditions.Itmayalsobringnewopportunitiesforculturestobecombinedincreativeways.However,thereisgenuinecauseforconcernabouttherateatwhichculturesarebeing
141、wornawayinsuchaglobalizedworld.Perhapsbyfarthemostimportantfar-reachingeffectofculturalglobalizationisthecommercializationofculture,whichhasadisturbingimpactonlocalpeoplesexistingvalues.Theyareincreasinglybombardedwithnewimages,newmusic,newclothesandnewvalues.Thefamiliarandoldaretobeabandoned.Whilet
142、herewasculturalchangelongbeforeglobalization,thereisadangerthatmuchwillbelostsimplybecauseitisnotvaluedbyglobalmarkets.InWestAfrica,forexample,traditionalvalueshavebeenovertakenbyCoca-Colaculturewhichthelocalpeopledontyethavethevaluestodealwithsuccessfully.Anothercommonaspectoftheglobalizedcultureis
143、thatitpursues(追求)thesame “onesizefitsall” Americanideal.TheresultofthisculturalprocessofhomogenizationisthatalargesectionoftheworldspopulationdreamsoflivinglikeTheCosbyShow,orlikethecharactersinanyotherstereotypicalAmericansoapopera.Inaddition,thedreamoflivingabetterlifecausesthousandsofpeopletomove
144、toalreadyovercrowdedcitieswhosepopulationhasboomedbymillionswithinthelastdecades.Themajorityofthesenewimmigrantsendupinslumsleadingtopoverty,pollutionandmisery.Suchgradualaggressionagainstpeoplesexistingvaluesandcultureshasadestructiveimpactontheirsenseofwhotheyare,whattheywantandwhattheyrespect.Ita
145、ttacksspiritualvaluesandfaithtraditions.Theaccumulative(累积的)effectinnon-Westernsocietiesisacrisisofculturalconfidence,combinedwiththeincreasedeconomicuncertaintyandcrimewhichglobalintegration(一体化)maybring.Thiscreatesrealproblemsforsocialstability,whetheritisatthelevelofnation,communityorfamily.Incon
146、clusion,culturalglobalization,orworldwideMcDonaldization,destroysdiversityanddisplacestheopportunitytosustaindecentlifethroughamixtureofmanydifferentcultures.Itismoreaconsequenceofpowerconcentrationintheglobalmediaandmanufacturingcompaniesthanthepeoplesownwishtoabandontheirculturalidentityanddiversi
147、ty.1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that.A.non-WesternsocietieswillinglyaccepteconomicglobalizationB.WesterncultureunitestheworldseconomiesandtechnologiesC.theboomingofWesternculturedestroysnon-WesternsocietiesD.despiteitsappeal,westernizationshowsanunpleasantuniformity2.Whatisthewritersattitudetowards
148、culturalglobalization?A.Cautious.B.Critical.C.Positive.D.Neutral.3.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.culturaldiversityinglobalizationB.challengestonon-WesternculturesC.drawbacksofculturalglobalizationD.disappearanceofnon-Westerncultures答案语篇解读本文为议论文。作者在文章中阐述了文化全球化带来的诸多弊端。1.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句Sometimesitseemsas
149、ifatidalwaveoftheworstWesterncultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakespilloutandovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandapparentlyhomogeneous.可知本题选择D项。2.B推理判断题。文章多处用词及语句都能体现作者对文化全球化的批判性态度,如第二段第三句However,thereisgenuinecauseforconcernabouttherateatwhichculturesarebe
150、ingwornawayinsuchaglobalizedworld.和最后一段,以及一些用词,如disturbing,danger,aggression,attack等,故选B。3.C主旨大意题。文章第一段和最后一段均提出了中心论点,尤其是最后一段第一句 Inconclusion,culturalglobalization,orworldwideMcDonaldization,destroysdiversityanddisplacestheopportunitytosustaindecentlifethroughamixtureofmanydifferentcultures.由此可以推知,本文
151、主要讨论了文化全球化带来的弊端。高级语块1.spillout溢出2.endupinslums最后沦落到贫民窟里3.haveadestructiveimpacton.对有毁灭性的影响长难句SometimesitseemsasifatidalwaveoftheworstWesterncultureiscreepingacrosstheglobelikeagiantstrawberrymilkshakespilloutandovertheplanet,withaflavorthatisdistinctlysweet,sicklyandapparentlyhomogeneous.有时,它看起来就像一股
152、最糟糕的西方文化浪潮正在逐渐侵入全球,就像一杯巨大的草莓奶昔溢出来洒满地球,特别甜腻,而且味道都一样,令人作呕。句中的asif引导表语从句;表语从句中,thatis.为定语从句,修饰flavor。Passage16Antiquitiesareancientobjectsandartworks.Museumsacquireworkstodisplayfrommanydifferentsources.Sometimestheypurchasethem.Othertimestheyreceivedonations.Todaytherearestrictrulesforbiddingartthatha
153、sbeenstolenfromothercountries.However,antiquitiesthathavebeenatmuseumsfordecadesorevencenturiesmayhavearrivedtherebyquestionablemeans.Now,somecountriesclaimthatmuseumshavearesponsibilitytoreturntheseantiquitiestotheiroriginallocations.ElginMarblesTherearemanyexamplesofthisdebate.Perhapsthemostfamous
154、istheargumentbetweenGreeceandtheUKovertheElginMarbles.Intheearly19thcentury,theEarl(伯爵)ofElginhadnumeroussculpturestakenfromGreecetotheUK.WhenElgindidthis,GreecewasstillapartoftheOttomanEmpire.Heclaimedthathehadreceivedapermittoexportthesculptures.TodaythemarblesareondisplayintheBritishMuseum.Howeve
155、r,Greecewantsthemtobereturnedtotheiroriginallocation.Shouldmuseumsreturntheseantiquities?Expertsdisagree.MalcolmBellsaysyes.BellisaretiredprofessorofartattheUniversityofVirginia.Hesays, “Manyantiquitiesandartworkshavespecialculturalvalueforaparticularcommunityornation.Whentheseworksareremovedfromthe
156、iroriginalculturalsetting,theylosetheircontextandtheculturelosesapartofitshistory.”AccordingtoBell,acountrysrequestforthereturnofanantiquity “usuallyhasastronglegalbasis”.It “wasexportedillegally,andisnowstolenproperty”.Hecalledthereturnofantiquities “anexpressionofjustice”.JamesCunosaysnotalways.Cu
157、noispresidentofanartmuseuminLosAngeles.HeisalsotheauthorofthebookWhoOwnsAntiquity?.Cunoagreesthatmuseumshave “asocialandlegalresponsibility” toreturnillegallyexportedantiquities.However,hedoesntsupportthereturnoflegallyacquiredworks.“Anareaoflandheldtodaybyagivennationstateinthepastlikelybelongedtoa
158、differentpoliticalentity(实体).Evenifonewantedtoreunitescatteredworksofart,wherewouldonedoso?Whichamongthemanycountries,cities,andmuseumsinpossessionofpartsofaworkofartshouldbethechosen home ofthereunitedwork?” Cunobelievesthatmuseumsshouldcollectartfromtheworldsdiversecultures.Thisshouldbedone “throu
159、ghpurchaseorlong-termloanandworkingincooperationwithmuseumsandnationsaroundtheworld”.Thisdebateisfarfromover.Asacomplexquestionwithnoeasyanswer,theissuerequiresmorestudy.1.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.A.thereturnofantiquitiesB.thesourcesofancientobjectsC.theculturalvalueofartworksD.theresponsibilityofm
160、useums2.Forthecaseofthemarbles,GreeceandtheUKmainlyargueover.A.thetimeofkeepingthemB.therealcountryoforiginC.theidentityoftheexporterD.themeansofacquiringthem3.Accordingtothepassage,Cunothinks.A.artworksbecomevaluelessawayfromtheircultureB.thereisnoclearanswertogivingbackantiquitiesC.museumsarerespo
161、nsibleforreunitingworksofartD.therequestforrecoveringartworksaimstopromotejustice4.Astothedebate,wecanlearnthat.A.thelegalityofantiquitiesseemsakeyfactorB.theopinionsofexpertsarecompletelydifferentC.museumsshouldlookintothesourcesofantiquitiestheyownD.thereturnofantiquitiesisunlikelyduetopracticaldi
162、fficulties答案语篇解读本文为议论文。文章讨论了文物是否应当被返还到原产地的议题。1.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句Now,somecountriesclaimthatmuseumshavearesponsibilitytoreturntheseantiquitiestotheiroriginallocations.可知本题选A项。2.D细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句However,antiquitiesthathavebeenatmuseumsfordecadesorevencenturiesmayhavearrivedtherebyquestionablemeans.以
163、及第二段前两句可知两国争论的焦点在于获取文物的方式。3.B推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知Cuno认为很难判定文物应该归还到哪个地方,因而文物归还问题没有明确的答案。4.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句AccordingtoBell,acountrysrequestforthereturnofanantiquity “usuallyhasastronglegalbasis”.以及第五段可推知A选项正确。高级语块1.ondisplay 展出,陈列2.inpossessionof 拥有长难句Whichamongthemanycountries,cities,andmuseumsinpossessi
164、onofpartsofaworkofartshouldbethechosen “home” ofthereunitedwork?在许多拥有一件艺术品部分珍藏的国家、城市以及博物馆中,哪一个应该被选为这件重新组合起来的艺术品的归属地?此句中amongthemanycountries,cities,andmuseums为介宾短语作状语;inpossessionofpartsofaworkofart为介宾短语作定语,修饰countries,cities,andmuseums。Passage17Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexp
165、lainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe
166、“outofsight,outofmind” principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkersarelessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion:Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily
167、.Researchersdontbelievethatoneswillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpoweratleasttoa
168、point.Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱的)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspectofthemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregul
169、arexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpower.Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYearsEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalat
170、atime.Inotherwords,donttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,youllnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwontrequiremakingdecision
171、satall.Manyquestionsaboutthenatureofself-controlremaintobeansweredbyfurtherresearch.Yetitseemslikelythatwithcleargoals,goodself-monitoringandalittlepractice,youcantrainyourwillpowertostaystronginthefaceoftemptation.1.Fromthestudiesinthepassage,welearnthat.A.peoplehaveunlimitedself-controlB.highmotiv
172、ationensuresonessuccessC.willpowerishardlycompletelyexhaustedD.toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure2.Theunderlinedphrase “tapinto” inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.A.makeuseofB.runoutofC.buildD.increase3.Theauthorcomparesself-controltomuscles.A.toprovethelong-termeffectsofwillpowerB.toshowthesignifican
173、ceofregularexerciseC.toarguethatself-controlcanbeeasilyusedupD.toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control4.Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.“Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise.”B.“Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester.”C.“Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation.”D.“IwillreadanEnglish
174、noveleverymonth.”答案语篇解读本文为说明文。研究表明明确的目标、良好的自我监控以及少量的练习可以使我们的意志力变得更加强大。1.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的Researchersdontbelievethatoneswillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.可知研究人员认为一个人的意志力不会被完全耗尽,因此选择C项。2.A词义猜测题。根据Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlhasbeenrundown.可知
175、我们之所以能在自制力变弱时还能继续坚持,是因为正确的动力使我们能够利用储蓄的意志力,故本题选择A项。3.D推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpower.可知,把自制力和肌肉相比较是为了说明经常锻炼可以使肌肉变得强壮,与之相似的是,经常锻炼自制力也会增强意志力,故选D。4.D推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoala
176、tatime.可知作者更喜欢一次聚焦一个目标,故本题选择D项。高级语块1.inplainsight显眼的2.holdsth.inreserve 保存以备后用3.drawon 利用,动用长难句Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.虽然从短期来看,肌肉会因锻炼而感到疲惫,但从长期来看,经常锻炼会使肌肉变得更强壮。While引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。Passage18InJune2014,HuffingtonPostandMail
177、Onlinereportedthatthree-year-oldVictoriaWilcher,whohadsufferedfacialscarring,hadbeenkickedoutofaKFCbecauseshewasfrighteningcustomers.Later,KFCannouncedthatnoevidencehadbeenfoundtosupportthestory.Thisphenomenonislargelyaproductoftheincreasingpressureinnewsroomsthatcaremoreabouttrafficfigures.BrookeBi
178、nkowski,aneditor,saysthat,duringhercareer,shehasseenashifttowardslesseditorialoversightinnewsrooms. “Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.Notallnewsroomsarelikethis,butalotofthemare.”Askedwhatthedrivingfactorwas,ajournalistsaid, “Youveaneditorbreathingdownyourneckandyouhav
179、etomeetyourtargets.Andtherearesomeyoungjournalistsonthemarketwhoareinexperiencedandwhowillnotdothosechecks.Somuchnewsthatisreportedonlinehappensonline.Thereisnoneedtogetoutandknockonsomeonesdoor.Youjustsitatyourdeskanddoit.”Anotherjournalistsays, “Thereisdefinitelypressuretochurnout(粗制滥造)storiesinor
180、dertogetclicks,becausetheyequalmoney.Atmyformeremployerinparticular,thepressurewasonduetothelimitedresources.Thatmadetheenvironmentquitehorribletoworkin.”InaFebruary2015reportforDigitalJournalism,CraigSilvermanwrote, “Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.Withinminutesorhours,
181、abadlysourcedreportcanbechangedintoastorythatisrepeatedbydozensofnewswebsites,resultingintensofthousandsofshares.Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief.Therumor(传闻)becomestrueforreaderssimplybyvirtueofitsubiquity.”And,despitethedirectionthatsomenewsroomsseemtobeheadin
182、gin,acriticaleyeisbecomingmore,notlessimportant,accordingtotheNewYorkTimespubliceditor,MargaretSullivan. “Reportersandeditorshavetobemorecarefulthaneverbefore.Itsextremelyimportanttoquestionandtouseeveryverification(验证)methodavailablebeforepublication.” Yetthoseworkinginnewsroomstalkofdoubtfulstorie
183、sbeingtoleratedbecause,inthewordsofsomesenioreditors, “aclickisaclick,regardlessoftheadvantageofastory”.And, “ifthestorydoesturnouttobefalse,itssimplyachanceforanotherbiteatthecherry.”Verificationandfact-checkingareregularlyfallingvictimtothepressuretobringinthenumbers,andiftheonlyresultofbeingcaugh
184、toutisanotherchancetobringintheclicks,thatlooksunlikelytochange.1.AccordingtoBrookeBinkowski,newsroomsproducefalsenewsbecause.A.clicksmatteralotB.resourcesarelimitedC.budgetsareinadequateD.journalistslackexperience2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5probablymean?A.Liescantsellwithoutanatomoft
185、ruth.B.Rumorsarelikeaflameblownbythewind.C.Youcanhearrumors,butyoucantknowthem.D.Alie,repeatedoftenenough,willendupastruth.3.WhatsMargaretSullivansattitudetowardsfalsenewsonline?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Sceptical.D.Neutral.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Consequencesoffalsestories.B.Causesofonlinef
186、alsenews.C.Incompetenceofjournalists.D.Acrazetogetclicks.答案语篇解读本文为议论文。作者针对现在的假新闻泛滥现象表达了自己的态度并剖析了原因。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Clickbaitisking,sonewsroomswilluncriticallyprintsomethingunreal.可知本题选择A项。2.D词义猜测题。下划线前句Onceacertaincriticalmassisreached,repetitionhasapowerfuleffectonbelief其实与标下划线的句子的意思是一致的,谎言说多了也就变成
187、了真的,因此本题选择D项。3.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Verificationandfact-checkingareregularlyfallingvictimtothepressuretobringinthenumbers,andiftheonlyresultofbeingcaughtoutisanotherchancetobringintheclicks,thatlooksunlikelytochange. 可以看出作者不支持编造假新闻的做法。4.B主旨大意题。文章首先以一个新闻消息开篇,引出制造假新闻这一现象,全文一直在对为什么会出现这种现象进行分析,也就是说文章主要向读者剖析了网上经常出现假消息的原因,因此选择B项。长难句Todaythebarforwhatisworthgivingattentiontoseemstobemuchlower.现在,什么是值得关注的这一道门槛似乎越来越低了。句中的主干是thebarseemstobemuchlower,for是介词,后接what引导的宾语从句,for.attentionto是对thebar的修饰限定。
