1、专题四并列句、三大从句及特殊句式第一讲并列句和状语从句单句语法填空1(2020高考全国卷) he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.解析：考查连词。根据句意与句子结构可知，应用when或as引导时间状语从句。答案：When/As2(2020新高考全国卷)They kept their collection at home until it got too big u
2、ntil they died, and then it was given to a museum.解析：考查并列连词。前后陈述的是两种可能性until it got too big或until they died，故用or连接。答案：or单句改错1(2020高考全国卷)First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. 解析：考查连词。句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，然后把它们放在一边。前后内容为并列关系。答案：butand2(2020高考全国卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again
3、, such that we can practice together every day. 解析：考查状语从句。句意：届时我就能抽些时间再次学习，以便我们可以每天一起练功。这里so that引导状语从句。故将such改为so。答案：suchso并列连词并列连词主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系等，可用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。常见的并列连词有：1表示转折或对比关系：but，yet，while，whereas等It often rains in the south，while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。2表
4、示并列关系：and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.等The earth is one of the suns planets，and the moon is the earths satellite.地球是太阳系中的一颗行星，月球是地球的卫星。3表示选择关系：or，or else，either.or.等Would you like to leave or stay?你是想走还是想留？4表示因果关系：so，for等He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was be
5、ginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5特殊并列连词及并列句(1)when可用于并列句，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：be about to do sth.when .“正要这时”be on the point of doing sth.when .“正要这时”be doing sth.when .“正在这时”had (just) done sth.when .“刚这时”She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to pra
6、ctice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。(2)“祈使句and/or陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Be careful，or you will hurt yourself.小心点，否则你会伤到自己。One more step and Ill succeed.再有一步我就成功了。状语从句(一)时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有when，as，while，after，before，since，once，until，till，as soon as，every time/each time，the moment，the
7、 minute，immediately，directly，instantly等。1表示“一就”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一就”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly，instantly，hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.等。We will leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his
8、mother.那男孩一见到妈妈便大哭起来。(2)在hardly/scarcely.when .，no sooner .than .结构中，主句用过去完成时，when或than所在的从句用一般过去时；当no sooner.和hardly/scarcely.位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying.她一听到这个
9、悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。2before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前，还未就；才；趁，还没来得及就(1)It will (not) be一段时间before .“(没有)过(时间)才”(2)It was not long before .“不久，就”(3)It was一段时间before .“过了(时间)才”since自从以来It is/has been一段时间since .(从句用一般过去时)There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.距离你最喜欢的乐队现场表
10、演仅有一天的时间了。As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，自清华大学建立以来已有一百多年了。3every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句By the time I got to the station，the bus had already driven off.我到车站的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。(二)地点状语从句where和wherever皆可引导地点状语从句，where指某一
11、固定地方，而wherever指任何一个地方。Ill go where he went.我要去他去过的地方。(特定地点)Ill go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我就去哪儿。(任意地点)特别提醒where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别。引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，从句修饰主句的谓语动词，其前没有表示地点的名词；引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词。Put the medicine in the place where children cant reach it.(定语从句)Put the medicine where c
12、hildren cant reach it.(状语从句)把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。(三)原因状语从句1because为常用词，其语气最重，且说明的是直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句。I couldnt see Helens expression，because her head was turned.我看不到海伦的表情，因为她转过头去了。2as，since，for和now that语气较弱，常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然，鉴于”时不可用as替换。As its raining，youd better take a taxi.下雨了，你最好坐出租车。Since t
13、he plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees to sell the wood.鉴于这些植物需要时间来生长，他就开始砍树来卖木头。(四)结果状语从句常用句型：He is so young that he cannot go to school.他太小了以至于不能上学。It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天气这么好，我们都想出去散散步。(五)目的状语从句1so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can
14、，could等。in order that引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next time.今天就行动起来，这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。特别提醒当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用“so as to/in order to动词原形”替换。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night
15、 in order to succeed.为了获得成功，他夜以继日地工作。2in case所引导的状语从句中，谓语可以用虚拟语气，形式为“should动词原形”，也可以不用虚拟语气。You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back.你可以把钥匙留在家里，以免我们中有人想要回来。(六)条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词(词组)有if，unless，so/as long as，in case (如果)，on condition that，suppose/supposing (t
16、hat)，providing/provided (that)等。1条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。如果条件状语从句中出现过去时，则为虚拟条件句，那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。If he had listened carefully，he would have done it better.如果他认真听讲的话，他会做得更好些。2unless相当于if .not，在虚拟条件句中可用if .not，但不能用unless。She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.她说如果生意不见什
17、么起色的话，她就将店关了。If she were not too silly，she would understand it.要不是她太笨的话，她就理解了。(七)让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词(词组)有although，though，even if，even though，as (使用倒装句)，whether，no matter what/who/how/where/when(whatever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever)，while (一般置于句首)。1though与although常可互换使用。though/although引导让步状语从句时，后
18、面的主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。Although/Though she is smart，(still) she studies hard.虽然她很聪明，但她还是用功学习。2as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词需提前至句首，如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词需要省略。Pop star as she is，she still needs to improve.尽管她已经是一个流行歌手，但仍需努力。Try as he might，he could not find a job.尽管他尝试过了，可是他还是找不到工作。Tired though he was，he con
19、tinued working.他虽然很累，但还是继续工作。3“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句where/what/who/whom/when/which/however表示“无论”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where/what/who/whom/when/which/how。However/No matter how great the difficulties are，we must complete the task on time.不管困难有多大，我们都必须按时完成任务。(八)方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as(按照)，just as(正像)，as ifas th
20、ough (仿佛，好像；从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这个老太太对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。(九)比较状语从句1引导比较状语从句的连词(词组)有：as.as，not so/as.as，than等。2as和than引导的从句，常省去与主句中相同的部分，只留下相比较的部分；常用替代动词do等形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。Its warmer in spring than (it is) in winter.春天比冬天暖和。He doesnt speak English as well as
21、 you do.他英语说得不如你好。巧解并列句与状语从句1并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词，一般是填并列连词。在短文改错中要注意：(1)有无连词的多余现象，比如：because与so，though/although与but，the moment/minute与when不能同时使用；(2)有无连词的缺失现象，如表因果关系的两个句子之间缺失了because或so。语法填空典例Its not easy to change habits， with awareness and selfcontrol，it is
22、 possible.分析：句意：改变习惯不容易，但是如果有(改变的)意识和自控力还是可能的。题干前后两个分句存在意思上的转折，所以填but或yet。单句改错典例Although it was very difficult at first，but with the help of my teacher，I made rapid progress. 分析：在英语中，although与but不可连用。根据改错规则，此处去掉but或把but改为yet。2并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两句之间是并列关系；而在状语从句或定语从句的前后两个句子中，一个为主句，一个为从句，从句处于“依附”地位
23、，起修饰主句的作用。当两个句子由but，and等并列连词修饰时，就不能再考虑从句了。语法填空典例题组： you take the medicine，you will be all right.Take this medicine， you will be all right.分析：两个题都应该填连词。句空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，因此填If；句中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。单句语法填空1Although/Though money is necessary for a happy life，it cant buy happiness.Money is necessary for
24、a happy life，but it cant buy happiness.2He got up late so he missed the first bus.He missed the first bus because he got up late.3She didnt know anything about current TV shows or fashion trends.4Both started the same but ended differently.Why? Because of how you reacted.5The competition will see bo
25、th open water racing and pool racing take place.6They had no sooner finished the survey by asking the parents the same questions three years later than they found that 18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese.7They are not like us to finish it in one drink，but prefer to drink by taking a
26、small amount at a time.8Although/Though/While TCM has been widely accepted，it still faces challenges.9Yesterday was a crazy day.I felt very tired because I had tons of work stuff going on.10Around 7：30 am.，she was lying on her surfboard with her left arm in the water when a 14footlong tiger shark at
27、tacked her，severing her left arm just below the shoulder.单句改错1She used to be easy to get angry，especially that she was with family members only.thatwhen2Though he is 50，but he appears very young.去掉but或butyet3Nowadays，the word friendship has been used very often that it has lost its meaning.veryso4I
28、was just about to give it up while I suddenly noticed a little boy walking towards the sea calmly.whilewhen5It turned out that my right ankle got injured but I had to be sent to hospital.butand/so.语法填空Tea is one of the most favored drinks in our life.However，the origin of tea is lost among history 1
29、. tales. What can be roughly confirmed is that tea originated in the southwest of China. According to ancient stories, the first person 2. (discover)the effects of tea is said to be Shennongthe father of agriculture and herbal medicine in China. It 3. (say)that Shennong once tried 72 different kinds
30、 of poisonous plants in a day and he 4. (lie) on the ground, barely alive. At this moment, he noticed several rather fragrant leaves 5. (drop) from the tree beside him. Out of curiosity and habit, Shennong put the leaves 6. his mouth and chewed them slowly. After a little while, he felt well and 7.
31、(energy) again. So he picked more leaves to eat and thus cleared 8. (he) body from poison.The ancient Chinese medical book 9. (call) Shennong Bencaojing states that “Tea tastes bitter. Drinking it, one can think quicker, sleep less, move more swiftly, and see 10. clearly.” This then was the earliest
32、 book to record the medicinal effects of tea.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶的起源。1解析：考查连词。句意：然而，茶的起源却在历史和传说中消失了。根据句意可知，并列连词and连接history和tales。答案：and2解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：根据古代传说，第一个发现茶的功效的人据说是神农。“the序数词名词”后接动词不定式作后置定语。答案：to discover3解析：考查时态和语态。句意：据说神农曾经一天尝试了72种不同的有毒植物，他躺在地上，几乎没有生命。It is said that意为“据说”。答案：is said4解析：考
33、查时态。句意见上一题。句中and是解题的关键。and连接两个并列句，根据前面的谓语动词tried可知，此处也应该用一般过去时叙述过去发生的事情。答案：lay5解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这时，他注意到有几片香叶从他旁边的树上掉下来。notice sb./sth.doing sth.意为“注意某人/某物正在做某事”，为固定搭配。答案：dropping6解析：考查介词。句意：出于好奇和习惯，神农把叶子放进嘴里慢慢咀嚼。put sth.into sth.意为“把放入”。答案：into7解析：考查词性转换。句意：过了一会儿，他觉得身体好多了，精力充沛了。分析句子可知，felt为系动词，后接形容词wel
34、l和energetic作表语。答案：energetic8解析：考查代词。句意：于是他又摘了些叶片吃，这样就清理了他体内的毒。his为形容词性物主代词，后接名词body。答案：his9解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代医书神农本草经称“茶味苦”。分析句子可知，the ancient Chinese medical book与call在逻辑上是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。答案：called10解析：考查比较级。由think quicker，sleep less，move more swiftly可知，and并列连接多个副词比较级修饰的动词。答案：more.短文改错Last month o
35、ur school held a Reading Week, which aim was to encourage the students to read wide. During the week, book lovers recommended a plenty of good books suitable for high school students. In addition, two famous writers are invited to give lectures on how to understand and appreciate literary work. The
36、poetry reading contest was another amazed activity for the students to bring his talent into full play. All the contestants took turns read their favorite poems to the audience. We all find the Reading Week very benefit. It has not only enriched our school life, and helped us form the habit of readi
37、ng.答案：Last month our school held a Reading Week, aim was to encourage the students to read . During the week, book lovers recommended a plenty of good books suitable for high school students. In addition, two famous writers invited to give lectures on how to understand and appreciate literary . The poetry reading contest was another activity for the students to bring talent into full play. All the contestants took turns read their favorite poems to the audience. We all find the Reading Week very . It has not only enriched our school life, helped us form the habit of reading.
